scholarly journals Developing an effective 2-D urban flood inundation model for city emergency management based on cellular automata

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 6173-6199 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
D. Yu ◽  
K. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Inundation Model

Abstract. Flash floods have occurred frequently and severely in the urban areas of South China. An effective process-oriented urban flood inundation model becomes an urgent demand for urban storm water and emergency management. This study develops an effective and flexible cellular automaton (CA) model to simulate storm water runoff and the flood inundation process during extreme storm events. The process of infiltration, inlets discharge and flow dynamic can be simulated only with little pre-processing on commonly available basic urban geographic data. In this model, a set of gravitational diverging rules are implemented in a cellular automation (CA) model to govern the water flow in a 3 x 3 cell template of a raster layer. The model is calibrated by one storm event and validated by another in a small urban catchment in Guangzhou of Southern China. The depth of accumulated water at the catchment outlet is interpreted from street monitoring sensors and verified by on-site survey. A good level of agreement between the simulated process and the reality is reached for both storm events. The model reproduces the changing extent and depth of flooded areas at the catchment outlet with an accuracy of 4 cm in water depth. Comparisons with a physically-based 2-D model (FloodMap) results show that the model have the capability of simulating flow dynamics. The high computational efficiency of CA model can satisfy the demand of city emergency management. The encouraging results of the simulations demonstrate that the CA-based approach is capable of effectively representing the key processes associated with a storm event and reproducing the process of water accumulation at the catchment outlet for making process-considered city emergency management decisions.

scholarly journals Developing an effective 2-D urban flood inundation model for city emergency management based on cellular automata

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
D. Yu ◽  
K. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Inundation Model

Abstract. Flash floods have occurred frequently in the urban areas of southern China. An effective process-oriented urban flood inundation model is urgently needed for urban storm-water and emergency management. This study develops an efficient and flexible cellular automaton (CA) model to simulate storm-water runoff and the flood inundation process during extreme storm events. The process of infiltration, inlets discharge and flow dynamics can be simulated with little preprocessing on commonly available basic urban geographic data. In this model, a set of gravitational diverging rules are implemented to govern the water flow in a rectangular template of three cells by three cells of a raster layer. The model is calibrated by one storm event and validated by another in a small urban catchment in Guangzhou of southern China. The depth of accumulated water at the catchment outlet is interpreted from street-monitoring closed-circuit television (CCTV) videos and verified by on-site survey. A good level of agreement between the simulated process and the reality is reached for both storm events. The model reproduces the changing extent and depth of flooded areas at the catchment outlet with an accuracy of 4 cm in water depth. Comparisons with a physically based 2-D model (FloodMap) show that the model is capable of effectively simulating flow dynamics. The high computational efficiency of the CA model can meet the needs of city emergency management.

scholarly journals Modeling Urban Flood Inundation and Recession Impacted by Manholes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merhawi GebreEgziabher ◽  
Yonas Demissie
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Simulations ◽  
Flooding Events

Urban flooding, caused by unusually intense rainfall and failure of storm water drainage, has become more frequent and severe in many cities around the world. Most of the earlier studies focused on overland flooding caused by intense rainfall, with little attention given to floods caused by failures of the drainage system. However, the drainage system contributions to flood vulnerability have increased over time as they aged and became inadequate to handle the design floods. Adaption of the drainages for such vulnerability requires a quantitative assessment of their contribution to flood levels and spatial extent during and after flooding events. Here, we couple the one-dimensional Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to a new flood inundation and recession model (namely FIRM) to characterize the spatial extent and depth of manhole flooding and recession. The manhole overflow from the SWMM model and a fine-resolution elevation map are applied as inputs in FIRM to delineate the spatial extent and depth of flooding during and aftermath of a storm event. The model is tested for two manhole flooding events in the City of Edmonds in Washington, USA. Our two case studies show reasonable match between the observed and modeled flood spatial extents and highlight the importance of considering manholes in urban flood simulations.

Application of Conceptual 2-D Urban Flood Inundation Model-SIMOD

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Sik Kim ◽  
Jin-Hyuck Kim ◽  
Suk-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Inundation Model

Urban Flood Inundation Model for High Density Building Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farid ◽  
◽  
Akira Mano ◽  
Keiko Udo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Overland Flow Model ◽  
Inundation Model

In this paper, the development of a flood inundation model considering the effect of buildings in dense urban areas is purposed. A 2D overland flow model is coupled with a 1D channel model to simulate flood inundation with an exchange of flow between rivers and surface floodplains. The momentum equation in the overland flow model is modified in order to consider urban flood characteristics. The “sharing rate,” which is defined as the occupancy area of building in each grid of a model domain, is applied to represent the effect of a building Drag force that occurs due to the reaction of force acting on a building is included. Hydrological processes are accommodated by combining a tank model in outsource terms. The model is applied to the downstream part of the Ciliwung River basin where Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, is located. Results regarding the water level and inundation map are compared with observed data and show fair agreement.

scholarly journals TRACE METAL CONCENTRATION AND SPECIATION IN STORM WATER RUNOFF ON IMPERVIOUS SURFACES

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico MANCINELLI ◽  
Edita BALTRĖNAITĖ ◽  
Pranas BALTRĖNAS ◽  
Dainius PALIULIS ◽  
Giorgio PASSERINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Doc Concentration ◽  
Insoluble Form

Urban storm water runoff (USWR) often transports various trace metals, affecting the quality of receiving waters. Metal concentration and speciation in USWR were investigated by analysing data collected during a storm event on 19 July 2012. USWR samples were taken from a low–traffic intensity road, a pathway in a car–free pedestrian zone, and a galvanized metal roof located in the area of Vingio Park in the city of Vilnius, Lithuania. The metals were mostly in the insoluble form at all three sites, being more than 80% the total amount measured, irrespective of the water quality characteristics and types of surface area. The partitioning coefficient (log Kd) of trace metals decreases in the order Zn > Cu ≈ Mn ≈ Pb >> Cd. The USWR types characterized by a higher pH or dissolved organic carbon(DOC) concentration produced a higher fraction of Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn bound to fulvic acids (FA).

scholarly journals Innovative Techniques in the Context of Actions for Flood Risk Management: A Review

Eng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maria Martinez ◽  
Ramez Bakheet ◽  
Shatirah Akib
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The general purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of various flood protection strategies because flooding is becoming more frequent and is affecting more areas, displacing people, and increasing fatalities around the world. The concern surrounding climate change resulting in sea level rise, increasingly frequent storm events, and the need for adaptive actions to better control urban storm water runoff motivates the completion of this paper. Understanding the impact of climate change aside from dangerous weather conditions essential for designing effective mitigation strategies, but first, there needs to be a clear and strong understanding of the effects of extreme events. This review represents engineered storm water practices that are adaptive, in combination with the non-structural measures such as urban planning, will help reduce flood impact.

Multiple-event study of bioretention for treatment of urban storm water runoff

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-H. Hsieh ◽  
A.P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Storm

Bioretention is a novel best management practice for urban storm water, employed to minimize the impact of urban runoff during storm events. Bioretention consists of porous media layers that can remove pollutants from infiltrating runoff via mechanisms that include adsorption, precipitation, and filtration. However, the effectiveness of bioretention in treating repetitive inputs of runoff has not been investigated. In this study, a bioretention test column was set up and experiments proceeded once every week for a total of 12 tests. Through all 12 repetitions, the infiltration rate remained constant (0.35 cm/min). All 12 tests demonstrated excellent removal efficiency for TSS, oil/grease, and lead (99%). For total phosphorus, the removal efficiency was about 47% for the first test, increasing to 68% by the twelfth test. For ammonium, the system removal efficiency ranged from 2.3% to 23%. Effluent nitrate concentration became higher than the influent concentration during the first 28 days and removal efficiency ranged from 9% to 20% afterward. Some degree of denitrification was apparently proceeding in the bioretention system. Overall, the top mulch layer filtered most of TSS in the runoff and prevented the bioretention media from clogging during 12 repetitions. Runoff quality was improved by the bioretention column.

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