scholarly journals Innovative Techniques in the Context of Actions for Flood Risk Management: A Review

Eng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maria Martinez ◽  
Ramez Bakheet ◽  
Shatirah Akib
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The general purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of various flood protection strategies because flooding is becoming more frequent and is affecting more areas, displacing people, and increasing fatalities around the world. The concern surrounding climate change resulting in sea level rise, increasingly frequent storm events, and the need for adaptive actions to better control urban storm water runoff motivates the completion of this paper. Understanding the impact of climate change aside from dangerous weather conditions essential for designing effective mitigation strategies, but first, there needs to be a clear and strong understanding of the effects of extreme events. This review represents engineered storm water practices that are adaptive, in combination with the non-structural measures such as urban planning, will help reduce flood impact.

Leaching of additives from construction materials to urban storm water runoff

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1974-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Burkhardt ◽  
S. Zuleeg ◽  
R. Vonbank ◽  
P. Schmid ◽  
S. Hean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receiving Water

Urban water management requires further clarification about pollutants in storm water. Little is known about the release of organic additives used in construction materials and the impact of these compounds to storm water runoff. We investigated sources and pathways of additives used in construction materials, i.e., biocides in facades' render as well as root protection products in bitumen membranes for rooftops. Under wet-weather conditions, the concentrations of diuron, terbutryn, carbendazim, irgarol®1051 (all from facades) and mecoprop in storm water and receiving water exceeded the predicted no-effect concentrations values and the Swiss water quality standard of 0.1 μg/L. Under laboratory conditions maximum concentrations of additives were in the range of a few milligrams and a few hundred micrograms per litre in runoff of facades and bitumen membranes. Runoff from aged materials shows approximately one to two orders of magnitude lower concentrations. Concentrations decreased also during individual runoff events. In storm water and receiving water the occurrence of additives did not follow the typical first flush model. This can be explained by the release lasting over the time of rainfall and the complexity of the drainage network. Beside the amounts used, the impact of construction materials containing hazardous additives on water quality is related clearly to the age of the buildings and the separated sewer network. The development of improved products regarding release of hazardous additives is the most efficient way of reducing the pollutant load from construction materials in storm water runoff.

The impact of storm water runoff on a small urban stream

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilmantė Karlavičienė ◽  
Sigita Švedienė ◽  
Danutė Elena Marčiulionienė ◽  
Peter Randerson ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Water ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Research of the Suitability of Hydrostatic Water Level Sensor to Measure Storm Water Runoff Flow Rate with the Focus on the Influence of Sediments

2017 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Vilmantė Karlavičienė ◽  
Raimondas Zaborovskis ◽  
Vaidas Vinciūnas ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
The Impact

Since most of the contaminants in surface waters fall with storm water runoff, it is very important to correctly describe the content of pollutants discharging with them (kilograms or tons) for a given unit of time (hour, shift, day, month or year). Measurements are complicated by the fact that the flow rate and pollutant concentration is very variable over time. The aim of the research was to determine the grain size of sweepings accumulated on the surfaces of the researched territory and to investigate the impact of storm water runoff sediments on the accuracy of measurements of water level height using the hydrostatic water level sensor. For the experiment four typical Vilnius city streets, two storm water runoff treatment plants and also the streets sweeping machine was chosen. Storm water runoff in urban areas has an abundance of sediment, therefore, studying the hydrostatic water level sensor DI 240 Diver suitability to determine storm water runoff flow rate, for the experimental studies the impact of sludge and sand for measuring accuracy was chosen. Particles with diameters ranging from 0.315 to 0.630 mm consisting the maximum weight (the average value of 24 g per 100 g of the sample) of street sweepings. Storm water runoff treatment plants sediments are approximately 60% of the smallest particles with a size of less than 0.05 mm. Particles of less than 0.25 mm consisting about 80% of sediment. During laboratory and full scale tests it was determined, that there is no significant affect of sediments on the accuracy of the hydrostatic water level sensor measurements. The average square error (standard deviation) was 0.567 cm when the measurement uncertainty was 0.0021 cm.

Multiple-event study of bioretention for treatment of urban storm water runoff

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-H. Hsieh ◽  
A.P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Storm

Bioretention is a novel best management practice for urban storm water, employed to minimize the impact of urban runoff during storm events. Bioretention consists of porous media layers that can remove pollutants from infiltrating runoff via mechanisms that include adsorption, precipitation, and filtration. However, the effectiveness of bioretention in treating repetitive inputs of runoff has not been investigated. In this study, a bioretention test column was set up and experiments proceeded once every week for a total of 12 tests. Through all 12 repetitions, the infiltration rate remained constant (0.35 cm/min). All 12 tests demonstrated excellent removal efficiency for TSS, oil/grease, and lead (99%). For total phosphorus, the removal efficiency was about 47% for the first test, increasing to 68% by the twelfth test. For ammonium, the system removal efficiency ranged from 2.3% to 23%. Effluent nitrate concentration became higher than the influent concentration during the first 28 days and removal efficiency ranged from 9% to 20% afterward. Some degree of denitrification was apparently proceeding in the bioretention system. Overall, the top mulch layer filtered most of TSS in the runoff and prevented the bioretention media from clogging during 12 repetitions. Runoff quality was improved by the bioretention column.

scholarly journals D. C. Project Aims to Cut Most Storm Water Runoff Problems

Eos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Showstack
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Water Runoff

The Clean Rivers Project aims to dramatically reduce combined sewage overflows into D. C.’s waterways, improving water quality while also promoting resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Effects of Rainfall onE. coliConcentrations at Door County, Wisconsin Beaches

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T. Kleinheinz ◽  
Colleen M. McDermott ◽  
Sarah Hughes ◽  
Amanda Brown
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Water Conveyance ◽  
Beach Closures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beach Water

Rainfall and its associated storm water runoff have been associated with transport of many pollutants into beach water. Fecal material, from a variety of animals (humans, pets, livestock, and wildlife), can wash into beach water following rainfall and result in microbial contamination of the beach. Many locales around the world issue pre-emptive beach closures associated with rainfall. This study looked at eight beaches located in Door County, Wisconsin, on Lake Michigan to determine the impact of rainfall onE. coliconcentrations in beach water. Water samples were collected from beach water and storm water discharge pipes during rainfall events of 5 mm in the previous 24 hours. Six of the eight beaches showed a significant association between rainfall and elevated beach waterE. coliconcentrations. The duration of the impact of rainfall on beach waterE. coliconcentrations was variable (immediate to 12 hours). Amount of rainfall in the days previous to the sampling did not have significant impact on theE. coliconcentrations measured in beach water. Presence of storm water conveyance pipes adjacent to the beach did not have a uniform impact on beach waterE. coliconcentrations. This study suggests that each beach needs to be examined on its own with regard to rain impacts onE coliconcentrations in beach water.

A MODELING SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND HEDGING IN COASTAL AREAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Soldatenko ◽  
Sergei Soldatenko ◽  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Alexander Danilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
System Structure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

Every aspect of human operations faces a wide range of risks, some of which can cause serious consequences. By the start of 21st century, mankind has recognized a new class of risks posed by climate change. It is obvious, that the global climate is changing, and will continue to change, in ways that affect the planning and day to day operations of businesses, government agencies and other organizations and institutions. The manifestations of climate change include but not limited to rising sea levels, increasing temperature, flooding, melting polar sea ice, adverse weather events (e.g. heatwaves, drought, and storms) and a rise in related problems (e.g. health and environmental). Assessing and managing climate risks represent one of the most challenging issues of today and for the future. The purpose of the risk modeling system discussed in this paper is to provide a framework and methodology to quantify risks caused by climate change, to facilitate estimates of the impact of climate change on various spheres of human activities and to compare eventual adaptation and risk mitigation strategies. The system integrates both physical climate system and economic models together with knowledge-based subsystem, which can help support proactive risk management. System structure and its main components are considered. Special attention is paid to climate risk assessment, management and hedging in the Arctic coastal areas.

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