scholarly journals Soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in an old-growth southern conifer forest (<i>Agathis australis</i>) – magnitude, components and controls

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luitgard Schwendenmann ◽  
Cate Macinnis-Ng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Autotrophic Respiration ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Sampling Points

Abstract. Total soil CO2 efflux and its component fluxes, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, were measured in a native forest in northern Aotearoa–New Zealand. The forest is dominated by Agathis australis (kauri) and is on an acidic, clay rich soil. Soil CO2 efflux, volumetric soil water content and soil temperature were measured bi-weekly to monthly at 72 sampling points over 18 months. Trenching and regression analysis was used to partition total soil CO2 efflux into heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration. The effect of tree structure was investigated by calculating an index of local contribution (Ic, based on tree size and distance to the measurement location) followed by correlation analysis between Ic and total soil CO2 efflux, root biomass, litterfall and soil characteristics. The measured mean total soil CO2 efflux was 3.47 µmol m−2 s−1. Autotrophic respiration accounted for 25 % (trenching) or 28 % (regression analysis) of total soil CO2 efflux. Using uni- and bivariate models showed that soil temperature was a poor predictor of the temporal variation in total soil CO2 efflux (<  20 %). In contrast, a stronger temperature sensitivity was found for heterotrophic respiration (around 47 %). We found significant positive relationships between kauri tree size (Ic) and total soil CO2 efflux, root biomass and mineral soil CN ratio within 5–6 m of the sampling points. Using multiple regression analysis revealed that 97 % of the spatial variability in total soil CO2 efflux in this kauri-dominated stand was explained by root biomass and soil temperature. Our findings suggest that biotic factors such as tree structure should be investigated in soil carbon related studies.

scholarly journals Soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in an old-growth southern conifer forests (<i>Agathis australis</i>) – magnitude, components, and controls

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luitgard Schwendenmann ◽  
Cate Macinnis-Ng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil

Abstract. Total soil CO2 efflux and its component fluxes, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, were measured in a native forest in northern Aotearoa-New Zealand. The forest is dominated by Agathis australis (kauri) and is on an acidic, clay rich soil. Soil CO2 efflux, volumentric soil water content and soil temperature were measured bi-weekly to monthly at 42 locations over 18 months. Trenching and regression analysis was used to partition the total soil CO2 efflux. The effect of tree structure was investigated by calculating an index of local contribution (Ic, based on tree size and distance to the measurement location) followed by correlation analysis between Ic and soil CO2 efflux, root biomass, litterfall and soil characteristics. The mean total soil CO2 efflux was 3.47 μmol m−2 s−1. Using uni- and bivariate models showed that soil temperature (< 40 %) and volumetric soil water content (< 20 %) were poor predictors of the temporal variation in total soil CO2 efflux. In contrast, a stronger temperature sensitivity (around 57 %) was found for heterotrophic respiration. Autotrophic respiration accounted for 25 (trenching) or 28 % (regression analysis) of total soil CO2 efflux. We found significant positive relationships between kauri tree size distribution (Ic) and soil CO2 efflux, root biomass and mineral soil CN ratio within 5–6 m of the measurement points. Using multiple regression analysis revealed that 97 % of the spatial variability in soil CO2 efflux in this kauri dominated stand was explained by root biomass and soil temperature. Our findings highlight the need to consider tree species effects and spatial patterns in soil carbon related studies.

scholarly journals Significance of soil respiration from biological activity in the degradation processes of different types of organic matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil

Soil respiration is a major component of global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the environmental controls on soil respiration for evaluating potential response of ecosystems to climate change. In a temperate deciduous forest (located in Northern-Hungary) we added or removed aboveground and belowground litter to determine total soil respiration. We investigated the relationship between total soil CO2 efflux, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Soil CO2 efflux was measured at each plot using soda-lime method. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was monitored via measuring soil temperature on an hourly basis, while soil moisture was determined monthly. Soil respiration increased in control plots from the second year after implementing the treatment, but results showed fluctuations from one year to another. The effect of doubled litter was less significant than the effect of removal. Removed litter and root inputs caused substantial decrease in soil respiration. We found that temperature was more influential in the control of soil respiration than soil moisture. In plots with no litter Q10 varied in the largest interval. For treatment with doubled litter layer, temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux did not change considerably. The effect of increasing soil temperature is more conspicuous to soil respiration in litter removal treatments since lack of litter causes greater irradiation. When exclusively leaf litter was considered, the effect of temperature on soil respiration was lower in treatments with added litter than with removed litter. Our results reveal that soil life is impacted by the absence of organic matter, rather than by an excess of organic matter. Results of CO2 emission from soils with different organic matter content can contribute to sustainable land use, considering the changed climatic factors caused by global climate change.

scholarly journals Soil CO2 efflux in a beech forest: dependence on soil temperature and soil water content

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Epron ◽  
Lætitia Farque ◽  
Éric Lucot ◽  
Pierre-Marie Badot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Forest Dependence

Corrigendum to: Seasonal patterns of soil carbon dioxide efflux from a wet¿dry tropical savanna of northern Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Chen ◽  
Derek Eamus ◽  
Lindsay B. Hutley
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Closed Chamber

Soil CO2 efflux rates were measured in a eucalypt open forest in a tropical savanna of northern Australia, with a portable closed chamber and CO2 gas analyser. Both abiotic (soil temperature and water content) and biotic (litterfall and fine-root growth) factors that may influence soil CO2 efflux were examined. Daytime rates of soil CO2 efflux rate were consistently higher than nocturnal values. Maximal rates occurred during late afternoons when soil temperatures were also maximal and minimum values were recorded during the early morning (0400–0800 hours). Average soil CO2 efflux was 5.37 mol m–2 s–1 (range 3.5–6.7 mol m–2 s–1 during the wet season and declined to 2.20 mol m–2 s–1 (range 1.2–3.6 mol m–2 s–1) during the dry season. The amount of carbon released from soil was 14.3 t ha–1 year–1, with approximately 70&percnt; released during the wet season and 30&percnt; during the dry season. The rate of efflux was correlated with soil moisture content and soil temperature only during the wet season, when root growth and respiration were high. During the dry season there was no correlation with soil temperature. These results are discussed in relation to the carbon balance of tropical savannas.

Effect of nitrogen addition on soil CO2 efflux and fine root biomass in maple monocultures of the hyrcanian region

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrcedeh Tafazoli ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Hojjati ◽  
Hamid Jalilvand ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf ◽  
Mahya Tafazoli
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2

scholarly journals Effect of measurement time of the day on the relationship between temperature and soil CO2 efflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Eva Dařenová ◽  
M. Pavelka ◽  
D. Janouš
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Continuous Measurements ◽  
Proportional Change ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we investigated effect of the time of the day when manual measurements of soil CO2 efflux are performed on estimates of seasonal sums of released carbon from the soil. We subsampled continuous measurement of soil CO2 efflux into six sets of data in accordance to the time of the day when the measurements were taken – 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h and 20 h. To estimate seasonal carbon flux from the soil we used continuously measured soil temperature and parameters R10 (soil CO2 efflux normalized for temperature of 10 °C) and Q10 (the proportional change in CO2 efflux caused by 10 °C increase in temperature) calculated from continuous measurements and from measurements taken at individual hours. Values of Q10 calculated from 12 h and 16 h data were lower than Q10 calculated from continuous measurements. On the contrary, Q10 at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h and 20 h were higher. Seasonal carbon flux from the soil based on 0 h, 4 h and 8 h measurements was overestimated compare to the flux calculated from continuous measurements. On the contrary, measurements at 12 h, 16 h and 20 h measurements underestimated the carbon flux. The under- or overestimation was significant for 0 h, 4 h, 8 h and 20 h data sub-sets.

scholarly journals Effects of Fire Frequency and Soil Temperature on Soil CO2 Efflux Rates in Old-Field Pine-Grassland Forests

Forests ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Godwin ◽  
Leda Kobziar ◽  
Kevin Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Old Field

scholarly journals Response of Soil CO2 Efflux to Shelterwood Harvesting in a Mature Temperate Pine Forest

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Robin Thorne ◽  
Myroslava Khomik ◽  
Emily Hayman ◽  
Altaf Arain
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Exchange

In forest ecosystems, soil CO2 efflux is an important component of ecosystem respiration (RE), which is generally driven by variability in soil temperature and soil moisture. Tree harvesting in forests can alter the soil variables and, consequently, impact soil CO2 efflux. This study investigated the response of total soil CO2 efflux, and its components, to a shelterwood harvesting event of a mature temperate white pine (Pinus strobus L.) forest located in Southern Ontario, Canada. The objective was to explore the response of soil CO2 effluxes to changes in the forest microclimate, such as soil temperature and soil moisture, after shelterwood harvesting removed approximately one-third of the overstory canopy. No significant differences were found in both soil temperature and soil moisture between the pre-harvesting (2008–2011) and post-harvesting (2012–2014) periods. Despite similar soil microclimates, total soil CO2 effluxes were significantly reduced by up to 37%. Soil CO2 effluxes from heterotrophic sources were significantly reduced post-harvesting by approximately 27%, while no significant difference in the mineral-soil horizon sources were measured. An analysis of RE, measured with an eddy covariance tower over the study area, showed an increase post-harvesting. However, the overall net ecosystem carbon exchange showed no significant difference between pre- and post-harvesting. This was due to an increase in the gross ecosystem productivity post-harvesting, compensating for the increased losses (i.e., increased RE). This study highlights the complexities of soil CO2 efflux after a disturbance, such as a harvest. The knowledge gained from this study adds to our understanding of how shelterwood harvesting may influence ecosystem carbon exchange and will be useful for forest managers focused on carbon sequestration and forest conservation.

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