scholarly journals Next Generation of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy: Targeted and Immuno-Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Sze Wah Samuel Chan ◽  
Elliot Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Lung Cancer Therapy

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Current clinical trials are focused on developing the next generation of therapies that target novel anti-cancer mechanisms. One approach is to prime the immune system, as the cancer has been known to suppress immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. Using pharmacotherapy, the immune system can be unleashed and suppress the cancer’s growth. Another pathway is targeting known oncogenic genes that are important for the cancer’s growth and survival. In lung cancer, the epidermal growth factor receptor and several other mutated proteins are targets of small-molecule inhibitors that have been shown to drastically improve patient survival and quality of life. Discussed in this review are broad highlights of the different immunotherapies and small molecule targeted therapies that have been studied in the latest clinical trials for lung cancer.

New Trends in Anti-Cancer Therapy: Combining Conventional Chemotherapeutics with Novel Immunomodulators

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (36) ◽  
pp. 4758-4784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Wilson ◽  
Magdalena Plebanski ◽  
Andrew N. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Tumour Regression ◽  
Cell Trafficking

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and current research has focused on the discovery of novel approaches to effectively treat this disease. Recently, a considerable number of clinical trials have demonstrated the success of immunomodulatory therapies for the treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies can target components of the immune system to either i) agonise co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD137, OX40 and CD40; or ii) inhibit immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its corresponding ligand PD-L1. Although tumour regression is the outcome for some patients following immunotherapy, many patients still do not respond. Furthermore, chemotherapy has been the standard of care for most cancers, but the immunomodulatory capacity of these drugs has only recently been uncovered. The ability of chemotherapy to modulate the immune system through a variety of mechanisms, including immunogenic cell death (ICD), increased antigen presentation and depletion of regulatory immune cells, highlights the potential for synergism between conventional chemotherapy and novel immunotherapy. In addition, recent pre-clinical trials indicate dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) enzyme inhibition, an enzyme that can regulate immune cell trafficking to the tumour microenvironment, as a novel cancer therapy. The present review focuses on the current immunological approaches for the treatment of cancer, and summarizes clinical trials in the field of immunotherapy as a single treatment and in combination with chemotherapy.

Chitosan-derived Nanoparticles Impede Signal Transduction for T790M Lung Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Huang ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Jiawei Hu ◽  
Jianming Mao ◽  
Yunhong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
T790m Mutation ◽  
Develop Disease Progression ◽  
Lung Cancer Therapy ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Egfr Tkis ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) treated patients ultimately develop disease progression, about 50% of which involved in the emergence of a T790M mutation acquiring drug resistance. In...

Abstract 5720: RK-33, a novel small molecule for lung cancer therapy via inhibition of NHEJ

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guus M. Bol ◽  
Phuoc T. Tran ◽  
Farhad Vesuna ◽  
Min Xie ◽  
Paul J. van Diest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Lung Cancer Therapy

scholarly journals MET Gene Dysregulation as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1370
Author(s):  
Paulina Terlecka ◽  
Paweł Krawczyk ◽  
Anna Grenda ◽  
Janusz Milanowski
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Molecular Abnormalities ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Tumorigenic Activity ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Several molecular abnormalities in the MET gene have been identified, including overexpression, amplification, point mutations, and “skipping mutation” in exon 14. Even though deregulated MET signaling occurs rarely in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it possesses tumorigenic activity. Since the discovery of the significant role played by MET dysregulations in resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI), many clinical trials have been focused on mechanisms underlying this acquired resistance. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are being considered in the personalized therapy of NSCLC patients carrying MET abnormalities. First, MET kinase inhibitors (tepotinib and capmatinib) have been shown to be effective in the first and subsequent lines of treatment in NSCLC patients with “skipping mutations” in exon 14 of MET gene. In this article, the authors show the role of MET signaling pathway alterations and describe the results of clinical trials with MET inhibitors in NSCLC patients.

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