Positive Youth Development: Parental Warmth, Values, and Prosocial Behavior in 11 Cultural Groups

The current cross-cultural study aimed to extend research on parenting and children’s prosocial behavior by examining relations among parental warmth, values related to family obligations (i.e., children’s support to and respect for their parents, siblings, and extended family), and prosocial behavior during the transition to adolescence (from ages 9 to 12). Mothers, fathers, and their children (N = 1107 families) from 8 countries including 11 cultural groups (Colombia; Rome and Naples, Italy; Jordan; Kenya; the Philippines; Sweden; Thailand; and African Americans, European Americans, and Latin Americans in the United States) provided data over 3 years in 3 waves (Mage of child in wave 1 = 9.34 years, SD = 0.75; 50.5% female). Overall, across all 11 cultural groups, multivariate change score analysis revealed positive associations among the change rates of parental warmth, values related to family obligations, and prosocial behavior during late childhood (from age 9 to 10) and early-adolescence (from age 10 to 12). In most cultural groups, more parental warmth at ages 9 and 10 predicted steeper mean-level increases in prosocial behavior in subsequent years. The findings highlight the prominent role of positive family context, characterized by warm relationships and shared prosocial values, in fostering children’s positive development in the transition to adolescence. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Diversity and Inclusion in Youth Development: What We Can Learn from Marginalized Young People

Journal of Youth Development ◽

10.5195/jyd.2011.177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 94-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Stephen T. Russell ◽

Kali Van Campen

Keyword(s):

Youth Development ◽

The United States ◽

Positive Development ◽

Development Programs ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Youth Development Programs ◽

Diversity And Inclusion ◽

Development Organizations ◽

Bisexual And Transgender ◽

Race Ethnicity

As we commemorate 100 years of youth development programs whose origins are traced to organizations founded in the United States, we consider key insights as well as strategies relevant for diversity and inclusion. Many of the large, mainstream youth development organizations and programs that were founded over a century ago now primarily serve youth in the “mainstream”: youth from the middle classes, traditional families, and dominant cultural groups. A growing body of scholarship considers the positive development of youth who are marginalized due to their social class, ability, sexuality, citizenship status, race, ethnicity, or culture. We draw insights from studies of youth and families who are immigrants, or who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT). These findings provide a vantage point for considering ways that contemporary youth development organizations might stretch the margins, or adapt their practices, in order to reach and include all youth.

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Positive Youth Development

10.1093/oso/9780190654061.003.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 87-108

Author(s):

Nora Wiium ◽

Fitim Uka

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Youth Development ◽

Positive Youth Development ◽

The United States ◽

Positive Development ◽

Social Competencies ◽

Use Of Time ◽

Positive Identity ◽

Policies And Programs ◽

Communist Countries

Consistent with the positive youth development perspective, the experience of internal and external assets is associated with positive development or thriving among young people. This proposal has been developed and tested mainly in the United States but it also appears to be considerably true for Roma youth living in post-communist countries. This chapter examines Roma youth (N = 354) experience of various developmental assets and how these assets are related to thriving. Study results indicated positive relations between the assets and thriving, in general. In addition, the experience of constructive use of time was quite low among Roma youth relative to internal assets, such as commitment to learning, positive values, social competencies, and positive identity, and other external assets such as support, empowerment, and boundaries and expectations. While this low experience of constructive use of time could be a general trend among young people, it could also reflect the discrimination and social exclusion that Roma youth often face. Because Roma youth across Europe form a significant and growing proportion of the school-age population and consequently the future workforce, policies and programs that promote both internal and external assets necessary for thriving are essential because thriving has been associated with the development of self and society.

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The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development, Purpose in Life, Hope, and Well-Being Among Emerging Adults in Malaysia

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir ◽

Rusyda Helma Mohd

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Youth Development ◽

Positive Youth Development ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Purpose In Life ◽

Emerging Adult ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Positive Development

A substantial body of evidence supports Lerner and colleagues’ 5Cs model of positive youth development (PYD) in the United States (U.S.). Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether the 5Cs can be used to identify positive development in the under-researched Asian contexts, such as Malaysia. Thus, this study examined the 5Cs of PYD (competence, confidence, character, connection, and caring) and their importance to purpose in life, hope, and well-being in a sample of emerging adult undergraduate university students in Malaysia. Data were collected from 400 participants from 15 Malaysian universities (132 males, 268 females; ages ranged from 18 to 26 years old, M = 22). A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that two of the 5Cs of PYD (confidence and connection) as well as hope were important to explaining variation in well-being. The findings imply that there are strong links between PYD, especially confidence and connection, and well-being, while purpose in life and hope were indirectly related to the 2Cs (confidence and connection) of PYD and well-being. Therefore, mental health professionals are encouraged to review and redefine their treatment design to include confidence, connection, purpose in life and hope when working with Malaysian emerging adult university students.

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On the Right Path: Youth Development Amidst Colombia’s Sociocultural Transition

Journal of Youth Development ◽

10.5195/jyd.2021.1023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2-3) ◽

pp. 310-328

Author(s):

Holly E. Follmer-Reece ◽

Paulina Velez-Gomez ◽

Nadia Semenova Moratto-Vásquez ◽

Sara L. Dodd

Keyword(s):

Youth Development ◽

Positive Youth Development ◽

Community Based Participatory Research ◽

The United States ◽

Youth Programs ◽

Positive Development ◽

Internal Armed Conflict ◽

Group Interviews ◽

The Right ◽

Sociocultural Transition

Colombia is amidst a sociocultural transition due to recent political movements towards ending the long-standing internal armed conflict. Development and implementation of youth programs that are responsive to the current societal context can contribute to this transition by investing in younger generations. This study features findings from the exploration phase of a community-based participatory research study to adapt a youth program from the United States for implementation in Colombia. Through focus group interviews, participants representing 4 different microsystems surrounding youth shared perceptions of youth who will be successful in this transitional context. Perceptions coalesced to reveal a process of positive development for use as a framework for responsive and culturally sensitive program adaptations. The emergent process mirrors positive youth development principles and shares similarities with other positive youth development models. The discussion explores considerations for the sociocultural context when designing youth programs for use in Colombia.

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The five Cs of positive youth development in Norway

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025416645668 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 559-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ingrid Holsen ◽

John Geldhof ◽

Torill Larsen ◽

Elisabeth Aardal

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Youth Development ◽

Positive Youth Development ◽

The United States ◽

Positive Development ◽

School Students ◽

Two Samples ◽

The Us ◽

Five Cs ◽

Using Data

As the field of positive youth development (PYD) emerges internationally, models of PYD designed for use in the US must be extended to diverse contexts. For instance, a robust body of evidence supports Lerner and colleagues’ Five Cs Model of PYD in the US, but it remains unclear whether the Five Cs Model can validly capture positive development in other contexts. In this article we examined the Five Cs of PYD using data from 1195 upper secondary school students (ages 16 to 19) in Norway and 839 participants who took part in the 4-H Study of PYD in the United States. Despite some differences, the tests of weak and strong measurement invariance do suggest that the overarching PYD factor as well as a majority of the Cs, retain their qualitative interpretation between the two samples. We next examined correlations between the full battery of PYD items administered to the Norwegian sample and three relevant criterion measures: Anxiety and Depressive symptoms; Life Satisfaction; and Empowerment. The residual Cs tended to correlate positively with indicators of adaptive development and negatively with maladaptive outcomes. The one exception was a positive correlation between Caring and Anxiety and Depressive symptoms. These findings are discussed. Measuring the same constructs in the same way across countries is a prerequisite for studying cultural differences and similarities in development. This study thus represents a step forward in the application of PYD research among diverse youth.

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Pathways to Legalization: Undocumented Mexican Immigrants in the US/Mexico Borderlands, 1942–1956

Kalfou A Journal of Comparative and Relational Ethnic Studies ◽

10.15367/kf.v2i2.67 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Elizabeth Rosas

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Mexican Immigrants ◽

Extended Family ◽

The United States ◽

Mexican Immigrant ◽

Agricultural Laborers ◽

The Us ◽

Us Government ◽

Contract Laborers

In the 1940s, curbing undocumented Mexican immigrant entry into the United States became a US government priority because of an alleged immigration surge, which was blamed for the unemployment of an estimated 252,000 US domestic agricultural laborers. Publicly committed to asserting its control of undocumented Mexican immigrant entry, the US government used Operation Wetback, a binational INS border-enforcement operation, to strike a delicate balance between satisfying US growers’ unending demands for surplus Mexican immigrant labor and responding to the jobs lost by US domestic agricultural laborers. Yet Operation Wetback would also unintentionally and unexpectedly fuel a distinctly transnational pathway to legalization, marriage, and extended family formation for some Mexican immigrants.On July 12, 1951, US president Harry S. Truman’s signing of Public Law 78 initiated such a pathway for an estimated 125,000 undocumented Mexican immigrant laborers throughout the United States. This law was an extension the Bracero Program, a labor agreement between the Mexican and US governments that authorized the temporary contracting of braceros (male Mexican contract laborers) for labor in agricultural production and railroad maintenance. It was formative to undocumented Mexican immigrant laborers’ transnational pursuit of decisively personal goals in both Mexico and the United States.Section 501 of this law, which allowed employers to sponsor certain undocumented laborers, became a transnational pathway toward formalizing extended family relationships between braceros and Mexican American women. This article seeks to begin a discussion on how Operation Wetback unwittingly inspired a distinctly transnational approach to personal extended family relationships in Mexico and the United States among individuals of Mexican descent and varying legal statuses, a social matrix that remains relatively unexplored.

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Changes in Perceptions of Filipino Immigrants about Themselves and of Americans Before and After Coming to the United States

10.31124/advance.8107907 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gremil Alessandro Naz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Symbolic Interaction ◽

The United States ◽

The Philippines ◽

Appraisal Theory ◽

American Values ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

Symbolic Interaction Theory ◽

Filipino Immigrants

<p>This paper examines the changes in Filipino immigrants’ perceptions about themselves and of Americans before and after coming to the United States. Filipinos have a general perception of themselves as an ethnic group. They also have perceptions about Americans whose media products regularly reach the Philippines. Eleven Filipinos who have permanently migrated to the US were interviewed about their perceptions of Filipinos and Americans. Before coming to the US, they saw themselves as hardworking, family-oriented, poor, shy, corrupt, proud, adaptable, fatalistic, humble, adventurous, persevering, gossipmonger, and happy. They described Americans as rich, arrogant, educated, workaholic, proud, powerful, spoiled, helpful, boastful, materialistic, individualistic, talented, domineering, friendly, accommodating, helpful, clean, and kind. Most of the respondents changed their perceptions of Filipinos and of Americans after coming to the US. They now view Filipinos as having acquired American values or “Americanized.” On the other hand, they stopped perceiving Americans as a homogenous group possessing the same values after they got into direct contact with them. The findings validate social perception and appraisal theory, and symbolic interaction theory.</p>

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The perceived conditions for living well: Positive perceptions of primary goods linked with basic psychological needs and wellness

10.31234/osf.io/c8sj4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Emma L Bradshaw ◽

Cody R. DeHaan ◽

Philip Parker ◽

Randall Curren ◽

Jasper Duineveld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effect Size ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

The Philippines ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Average Effect ◽

Average Effect Size ◽

Primary Goods

We integrate Rawls’ (1971/2009, 1993, 2001) concept of primary goods with self-determination theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2017), to examine the link between people’s perceptions of primary goods (i.e., views of society as just and fair), basic psychological need satisfaction, and well-being. In Study 1 (N=762, countries = Australia, the United States, South Africa, India, and the Philippines) and Study 2 (N=1479, groups = ethnic minority, sexual minority, political group, religious group), we used partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess associations between perceptions of primary goods and wellness, and the intermediary role of basic psychological needs. Perceptions of primary goods linked positively to well-being (average effect size = 0.48), and negatively to ill-being (average effect size = -0.46). These associations were strongly mediated by basic psychological needs (average percentage mediated: 53% Study 1 and 68% Study 2). Results signify the importance of primary goods’ perceptions to wellness.

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The Proximity of Other Skins

10.1093/oso/9780190865856.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Celine Parreñas Shimizu

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Korea ◽

The United States ◽

The Philippines ◽

The Other ◽

The West ◽

Pain And Suffering ◽

The Spectator ◽

Existing Frames ◽

The Voice

Transnational films representing intimacy and inequality disrupt and disgust Western spectators. When wounded bodies within poverty entangle with healthy wealthy bodies in sex, romance and care, fear and hatred combine with desire and fetishism. Works from the Philippines, South Korea, and independents from the United States and France may not be made for the West and may not make use of Hollywood traditions. Rather, they demand recognition for the knowledge they produce beyond our existing frames. They challenge us to go beyond passive consumption, or introspection of ourselves as spectators, for they represent new ways of world-making we cannot unsee, unhear, or unfeel. The spectator is redirected to go beyond the rapture of consuming the other to the rupture that arises from witnessing pain and suffering. Self-displacement is what proximity to intimate inequality in cinema ultimately compels and demands so as to establish an ethical way of relating to others. In undoing the spectator, the voice of the transnational filmmaker emerges. Not only do we need to listen to filmmakers from outside Hollywood who unflinchingly engage the inexpressibility of difference, we need to make room for critics and theorists who prioritize the subjectivities of others. When the demographics of filmmakers and film scholars are not as diverse as its spectators, films narrow our worldviews. To recognize our culpability in the denigration of others unleashes the power of cinema. The unbearability of stories we don’t want to watch and don’t want to feel must be borne.

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New Directions in Latino/a/x Histories of Education: Comparative Studies in Race, Language, Law, and Higher Education

History of Education Quarterly ◽

10.1017/heq.2020.43 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 612-622

Author(s):

Rosina Lozano

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Civil Rights ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Student Activism ◽

The United States ◽

The Philippines ◽

Language Instruction ◽

Historical Inquiry ◽

Legal Cases

The twenty-first century has seen a surge in scholarship on Latino educational history and a new nonbinary umbrella term, Latinx, that a younger generation prefers. Many of historian Victoria-María MacDonald's astute observations in 2001 presaged the growth of the field. Focus has increased on Spanish-surnamed teachers and discussions have grown about the Latino experience in higher education, especially around student activism on campus. Great strides are being made in studying the history of Spanish-speaking regions with long ties to the United States, either as colonies or as sites of large-scale immigration, including Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines. Historical inquiry into the place of Latinos in the US educational system has also developed in ways that MacDonald did not anticipate. The growth of the comparative race and ethnicity field in and of itself has encouraged cross-ethnic and cross-racial studies, which often also tie together larger themes of colonialism, language instruction, legal cases, and civil rights or activism.

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