scholarly journals Reassessing the Fair Tax

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Santoro ◽  
Caleb S. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Ultimate Ownership ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
Austrian Tradition

In the United States, debates over the optimal tax-base have raged since the implementation of the income tax in 1913. Recently, the controversy has centered around the Fair Tax. Advocates of the Fair Tax contend that it will achieve two goals. First, they claim it will maintain revenue neutrality. Second, they claim it will tax only consumption rather than impinging on income and savings. In this paper, we use insights from the Austrian tradition of economics to question the desirability of the first claim and to question the feasibility of the second claim. We conclude that debates over taxation in general would be more fruitful if they returned to more fundamental issues—namely the quantity of resources over which the state possesses ultimate ownership.

Individual Income Tax Erosion: By Income Class in Japan

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-322
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Ishi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Major Conclusion ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Income Class

In Japan, as well as in the United States, the introduction of special provisions of the tax law has resulted in erosion of the tax base and tax yield. It is expected that tax erosion tends to destroy the equity of the existing income tax system. In this article, estimates of income tax erosion by income class for 1972 and 1975 are made from Japanese tax data. The major conclusion of this study is that the distributional effects of erosion of the Japanese income tax are quite similar to those in the United States.

scholarly journals Employment Structure and the Rise of the Modern Tax System

2022 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-234
Author(s):  
Anders Jensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Long Run

This paper builds a new microdatabase that covers 100 countries at all income levels and long-run time series in the United States (1870–2010) and Mexico ( 1960–2010) to document how the modern tax system arises over development. I establish a new set of stylized facts, which show that the income tax exemption threshold decreases in the income distribution as a country develops, tracking growth in the employee share of employment that occurs gradually further down the income distribution. Additional evidence supports the interpretation that the rise in third-party covered income through increases in employee share drives expansions of the income tax base over development. (JEL D31, H23, H24, H71, J22, J23, N40)

The ‘Forces’ of Law

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Waluchow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
United States Constitution ◽  
Coercive Power ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
Important Distinction

In Law’s Empire, Ronald Dworkin introduces an important distinction between what he calls the ‘grounds’ and the ‘force’ of law. The former primarily interest Dworkin in LE and concern the “circumstances in which particular propositions of law should be taken to be sound or true.” (110) Propositions of law, we are told, are “all the various statements and claims people make about what the law allows or prohibits or entitles them to have.” (4) That Canadians owing income tax to the federal government must file their returns before April 30 or face a late penalty is presumably an example of a proposition of law. That the United States constitution prohibits slavery is another. These (true) propositions of law simply report the law’s (present) requirements, requirements which normally should be respected but which might justifiably be disobeyed or disregarded in exceptional cases. A true proposition of law, then, does not necessarily entail an answer to the question: What should I do, or decide (if called upon to render a judicial decision)? It also does not necessarily entail an answer to the question: Should the coercive power of the state be exercised against this person?

scholarly journals Further Evidence Supporting The Replacement Of The Federal Tax System With A Consumption Tax Base

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Julia K. Brazelton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the primary considerations accompanying implementation of a consumption-based federal tax system. Additionally, theoretical and empirical (including graphs, derivates, and regression analysis) techniques are used to evaluate a consumption tax structure in the United States. The evidence presented supports such a system; however, the publics misperceptions concerning the impact and mechanics and the legislative bodys unwillingness to entertain a consumption tax proposal will probably further delay serious consideration for replacement of the income tax with a consumption tax.

scholarly journals E Return Tool

2019 ◽  
pp. 526-530
Author(s):  
Pooja Aher ◽  
Manish Kirnapure ◽  
Shubhangi Nemade ◽  
Tejaswita Shrivastava ◽  
Lulkaran Chohale
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
New Employee ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Company

Every organization has need to pay salary to their employees, this work is done every month. Each and every organization has to maintain the record monthly for future use. Now a day as we know the countries goes become digit so this work is also performed digitally. This project E RETURN TOOL involves everything regarding to employee payment and related to salary tax. This also includes delivering of taxes to the government and also keep track of employee payments. This tool will facilitate to the employers to pre-validate the ECR and also carry out amendments in the ECR file before uploading on Unified Portal. The return tool has member wise details of wages and the contributions including basic details for the new and existing members’ return Tools also maintain the record of EPF member. Employer can check monthly or yearly details of every EPF member. When a company hires its first employee it started its e return tool. In the United States, every new employee must be reported to the state along with a completed W-4 tax form. The W-4 determines how many allowances the employee qualifies for when calculating the federal income tax that should be withheld from each check. Generally, the employee has to pay income tax depending upon their dependents.

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