scholarly journals The Correlates of Violence against Women in India: Findings from the Recent National Demographic Health Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Dinesh Chaurasiya ◽  
Vaishali Chaurasia ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Marital Duration

Violence against women is a serious human rights abuse and public health issue in India. The Intimate Partner violence (IPV) cases among Indian couples are very high. This article aims to find the determinant of Intimate Partner Violence in India. The data are drawn from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV). According to Demographic Health Survey guidelines, IPV is measured using 13-item questions in women questionnaire. This section is analysed to fulfil the objective of the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression is used to find out the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio. The analysis is carried out using STATA version 14. The prevalence of IPV, emotional violence (EV), physical violence (PV) and sexual violence (SV) is 33.15, 13.23, 29.68 and 6.60 respectively. The likelihood of IPV increases with the increase in marital duration. All kind of violence is less likely to occur in rural areas (IPV: AOR=0.86, p<0.01; EV: AOR=0.81, p<0.01; PV: AOR=0.85, p<0.01; & SV: AOR=0.92, p=0.09). Hindu women are more likely to face all kind of violence than women in other religion. Alcohol consumption is one of the predominant factors for IPV in India (AOR=3.08, CI=2.96-3.21, p<0.01). From this study, we find that marital duration, the age difference of spouses, number of children, place of residence, caste, religion, and education of couple, alcohol consumption and wealth index are some of the important predictors of IPV in India.

Global Surge in Intimate Partner Violence after Mandatory Lockdown: Implications for Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Butool Hisam ◽  
Mohammad Nadir Haider ◽  
Ghazala Saleem ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue

We are observing with great concern the global spread of the COVID19 Pandemic. What is equally alarming is a less visible, albeit serious Public health issue; one that the United Nations has dubbed as the ‘Shadow Pandemic’ [1]. This is none other than the globally prevalent issue of violence against women, particularly Intimate Partner Violence. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a serious, possibly preventable public health problem globally. Pakistan ranks among the countries with the highest IPV rates [2]. On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the highly infectious and lethal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic [3]. Drastic measures were enforced universally to curb the spread of COVID-19. Countries issued strict nationwide lockdowns to isolate the population and implemented social distancing. The economy was impacted tremendously, and many people experienced financial and emotional hardship during this mandatory confinement. While everyone was affected, one population was in a far worse situation than others. Survivors of IPV were trapped alongside their perpetrators and faced difficulty/less freedom to escape threatening situations compared to the past. It is not surprising given that historical periods of uncertainty such as war or economic crisis have resulted in increased interpersonal violence, including violence against women [4].  The Hubei province of China, the first region to undergo a lockdown, saw nearly a doubling of their rates of IPV with the start of COVID19 Pandemic.  Similarly, tragic stories gained nationwide coverage in the United States. IPV may also have risen in Pakistan, even if it is not being covered as extensively. During pandemics, fear causes us to minimize our personal needs and make sacrifices we would not normally make. This could be a reasonable approach for most but should not be for survivors of IPV. IPV survivors live in constant fear for themselves and their children; they are now devoid of their only means of mitigation; avoidance. Local woman’s support groups in Pakistan should act and spread awareness about this grim reality hiding underneath the Pandemic. Resources/funding should be made available for survivors to be able to reach out for support without having to leave the watchful eyes of their perpetrators. Public health officials ought to investigate and document the rise in IPV to help identify the leading causes of the increase. These steps will assist in developing crisis-specific guidelines to provide adequate resources for the future. Continuous....

Differences Between Perpetrators of Bidirectional and Unidirectional Physical Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyanna Charles ◽  
Daniel J. Whitaker ◽  
Brenda Le ◽  
Monica Swahn ◽  
Ralph J. DiClemente
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Differential Correlation ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Nationally Representative

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue causing significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to its victims and society. Prior research suggests that bidirectional or reciprocal IPV perpetration (cases in which both partners perpetrate IPV toward the other) is common and more serious than unidirectional IPV. However, little is known about the characteristics of individuals and couples who engage in bidirectional versus unidirectional IPV.Using Waves I and III of Add Health, a large, nationally representative sample of young adults, we compared characteristics of perpetrators of bidirectional and unidirectional physical IPV perpetration to each other and to nonperpetrators across a range of variables.Among study participants, 18.3% reported IPV perpetration in their most recent important relationship, and 65.4% of that was bidirectional, meaning the participant also reported that their partner perpetrated against them. Bivariate analyses showed that both types of perpetrators—bidirectional and unidirectional—differed significantly from nonperpetrators on nearly all variables examined. In multivariate analyses, seven variables were related to bidirectional versus unidirectional IPV perpetration at the .05 level: sex, violent delinquency, substance use, poor grades, depression, having had sex in the relationship, and cohabitation status. There were few sex differences in variables related to reciprocity; only three variables showed differential correlation with reciprocity (early sexual initiation, depression, partner age difference); and only one (depression) remained significant in multivariate models, indicating that the correlates of IPV reciprocity were largely similar for men and women.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and geographic correlates of intimate partner violence in Sri Lanka: Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piumee Bandara ◽  
Duleeka Knipe ◽  
Sithum Munasinghe ◽  
Thilini Rajapakse ◽  
Andrew Page
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Post Conflict

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue and violation of human rights. The prevalence of IPV in South Asia is especially pronounced. This is the first study in Sri Lanka to examine the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP), geographical factors and IPV using nationally representative data. Data collected from Sri Lanka’s 2016 Demographic and Health Survey were analysed using multilevel logistic regression techniques. A total 16,390 eligible ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years were included in the analysis. Analyses were also stratified by ethnicity, type of violence, neighbourhood poverty and post-conflict residential status for selected variables. Consistent associations were found for low SEP and IPV. Lower educational attainment among women (OR 2.46 95% CI 1.83-3.30) and their partners (OR 2.87 95% CI 2.06-4.00), financial insecurity (OR 2.17 95% CI 1.92-2.45) and poor household wealth (OR 2.64 95% CI 2.22-3.13) were the socioeconomic factors that showed the strongest association with any IPV, after adjusting for age and religion. These associations predominately related to physical and/or sexual violence, with weak associations for psychological violence. Women living in a post-conflict environment had a higher risk (OR 2.96 95% CI 2.51-3.49) of IPV compared to other areas. Ethnic minority women (Tamil and Moor) were more likely to reside in post-conflict areas and experience poverty more acutely compared to the majority Sinhala women, which may explain the stronger associations for low SEP, post-conflict residence and IPV found among Tamil and Moor women. We found IPV is more likely to occur in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage and post-conflict regions. Further exploratory studies investigating the complex interplay of individual, household and community-level factors occurring in this context is required.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Burundi: Evidence From 2016-17 Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanase Nzokirishaka ◽  
Martin Palamuleni
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women

Abstract BACKGROUNDIntimate Partner Violence against Women (IPVAW) is a human rights and public health problem worldwide and is associated with negative consequences for the mother, family, and community. The study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence among married women in Burundi, to inform strategies and programs to reduce domestic violence.METHODSThis study consists of the secondary analysis of the 2016-17 Burundi Demographic and Health Survey. The study population consisted of 6014 married women, interviewed using the domestic violence questionnaire. The research applied Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression to identify the factors influencing IPVAW in Burundi, at a 95% statistical significance. RESULTSThe study established the overall prevalence of IPVAW at 48.4%, whereas physical violence was 37.0%, sexual violence 24.4% and emotional violence 22.9%. Intimate partner violence varies by background characteristics of the women. The multivariate analysis identified as risk factors to IPVAW the age of the woman, the province of residence, the number of children ever born, the discordance within the couple on the number of children desired, the childhood experience of parental violence, the husband's controlling behaviour, the husband drinking alcohol and husband's age. CONCLUSIONIPVAW is high in Burundi. Social, economic and cultural factors are some of the predictors of the high prevalence. These factors should constitute the basis for designing programmes and policies aimed at reducing IPVAW.

scholarly journals Bayesian semi-parametric spatial modelling of intimate partner violence in Namibia using 2013 Demographic Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oludoyinmola Ojifinni ◽  
Innocent Maposa ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Linear Effects

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health problem with health and socioeconomic consequences and is endemic in Namibia. Studies assessing risk factors for IPV often use logistic and Poisson regression without geographical location information and spatial effects. We used a Bayesian spatial semi-parametric regression model to determine the risk factors for IPV in Namibia; assess the non-linear effects of age difference between partners and determine spatial effects in the different regions on IPV prevalence. Methods We used the couples’ dataset of the 2013–2014 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) obtained on request from Measure DHS. The DHS domestic violence module included 2226 women. We generated a binary variable measuring IPV from the questions “ever experienced physical, sexual or emotional violence?” Covariates included respondent’s educational level, age, couples’ age difference, place of residence and partner’s educational level. All estimation was done with the full Bayesian approach using R version 3.5.2 implementing the R2BayesX package. Results IPV country prevalence was 33.3% (95% CI = 30.1–36.5%); Kavango had the highest [50.6% (95% CI = 41.2–60.1%)] and Oshana the lowest [11.5% (95% CI = 3.2–19.9%)] regional prevalence. IPV prevalence was highest among teenagers [60.8% (95% CI = 36.9–84.7%)]). The spatial semi-parametric model used for adjusted results controlled for regional spatial effects, respondent’s age, age difference, respondent’s years of education, residence, wealth, and education levels. Women with higher education were 50% less likely to experience IPV [aOR: 0.46, 95% CI = 0.23–0.87]. For non-linear effects, the risk of IPV was high for women ≥ 5 years older or ≥ 25 years younger than their partners. Younger and older women had higher risks of IPV than those between 25 and 45 years. For spatial variation of IPV prevalence, northern regions had low spatial effects while western regions had very high spatial effects. Conclusion The prevalence of IPV among Namibia women was high especially among teenagers, with higher educational levels being protective. The risk of IPV was lower in rural than urban areas and higher with wide partner age differences. Interventions and policies for IPV prevention in Namibia are needed for couples with wide age differences as well as for younger women, women with lower educational attainment and in urban and western regions.

scholarly journals Perception of Beninese on intimate partner violence: evidence from 2011-2012 Benin demographic health survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonse Kpozehouen ◽  
Noël Moussiliou Paraïso ◽  
Yolaine Glèlè Ahanhanzo ◽  
Elvyre Klikpo ◽  
Charles Sossa Jérôme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic Health Survey

scholarly journals Identification of Associated Factors and Prediction for the Level of Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niroshan Withanage ◽  
Sithara Wijekoon
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Violence Index

Intimate partner violence (IPV) can be defined as a serious social problem rapidly increasing in Sri Lanka as same as in other countries in the world. The Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS) 2016 revealed that 17% of married women age 15-49 in Sri Lanka have become victims of IPV. The objectives of this study were to determine the factors associated with IPV against women in Sri Lanka and to develop an appropriate regression model and feedforward neural network (FNN) to predict the Violence Index which describes the level of IPV against women in the country. The data records of 2494 ever-married women that have experienced IPV were considered from Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 2016. The Violence Index was estimated using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Gamma regression analysis revealed that religion, education level of the woman, husband’s occupation, woman’s married time, the age difference between husband and wife, Empowerment Indicator, enough money for daily household expenses, and household alcohol consumption were significantly associated with IPV against women. The optimum FNN consists of one hidden layer with 3 neurons provided a better prediction on the Violence Index with the minimum mean squared error for the testing set. Based on the prediction accuracy, the FNN was found to be better than the gamma regression model. The findings of this study would support an effort to develop the current policies and implement prevention programs against IPV in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and Geographic Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence in Sri Lanka: Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110551
Author(s):  
Piumee Bandara ◽  
Duleeka Knipe ◽  
Sithum Munasinghe ◽  
Thilini Rajapakse ◽  
Andrew Page
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Post Conflict

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue and violation of human rights. The prevalence of IPV in South Asia is especially pronounced. We examined the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP), geographical factors and IPV in Sri Lanka using nationally representative data. Data collected from Sri Lanka’s 2016 Demographic and Health Survey were analysed using multilevel logistic regression techniques. A total of 16,390 eligible ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years were included in the analysis. Analyses were also stratified by ethnicity, type of violence, neighbourhood poverty and post-conflict residential status for selected variables. No schooling/primary educational attainment among women (OR 2.46 95% CI 1.83-3.30) and their partners (OR 2.87 95% CI 2.06-4.00), financial insecurity (OR 2.17 95% CI 1.92-2.45) and poor household wealth (OR 2.64 95% CI 2.22-3.13) were the socioeconomic factors that showed the strongest association with any IPV, after adjusting for age and religion. These associations predominately related to physical and/or sexual violence, with weak associations for psychological violence. Women living in a post-conflict environment had a higher risk (OR 2.96 95% CI 2.51-3.49) of IPV compared to other areas. Ethnic minority women (Tamil and Moor) were more likely to reside in post-conflict areas and experience poverty more acutely compared to the majority Sinhala women, which may explain the stronger associations for low SEP, post-conflict residence and IPV found among Tamil and Moor women. Policies and programs to alleviate poverty, as well as community mobilisation and school-based education programs addressing harmful gender norms may be beneficial. Trauma informed approaches are needed in post-conflict settings. Further exploratory studies investigating the complex interplay of individual, household and contextual factors occurring in this setting is required.

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