scholarly journals ПРИЧИНЫ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ ТЕНЕВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9(63)) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
АЛЕКСАНДР ОЛЕГОВИЧ МАКАРЕНКО ◽  
СИМА АСЛАМБЕЧЕВНА МАМИЙ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Данная работа посвящена исследованию такой проблемы, как теневой сектор экономики, развитие теневой экономики, а также ее влияние на протекание основных экономических процессов: формирование и распределение дохода, торговлю, инвестирование и экономический роста в целом. This work is devoted to the study of such problems as the shadow sector of the economy, the development of the shadow economy, as well as its impact on the course of the main economic processes: the formation and distribution of income, trade, investment and economic growth in general.

Has the low level of economic growth spurred informal sector activities in Uganda? An empirical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Esaku
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

PurposeIn this paper, the authors examine how economic growth shapes the shadow economy in the long and short run.Design/methodology/approachUsing annual time series data from Uganda, drawn from various data sources, covering the period from 1991 to 2017, the authors apply the ARDL modeling approach to cointegration.FindingsThis paper finds that an increase in economic growth significantly reduces the size of the shadow economy, in both the long and short run, all else equal. However, the long-run relationship between the shadow economy and growth is non-linear. The results suggest that the rise of the shadow economy could partially be attributed to the slow and sluggish rate of economic growth.Practical implicationsThese findings imply that addressing informality requires addressing underlying factors of underdevelopment since improvements in economic growth also translate into a reduction in the size of the shadow economy in the short and long run.Originality/valueThese findings reveal that the low level of economic growth is an issue because it spurs informal sector activities in the short run. However, as the economy improves, it becomes an incentive for individuals to operate in the informal sector. Additionally, tackling shadow activities in the short run could help improve tax revenue collection.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TAX POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, AND ALLOCATION OF TAXES

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Gwartney ◽  
Robert A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Marginal Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Using a sample of seventy-seven countries, this paper focuses on marginal tax rates and the income thresholds at which they apply to examine how the tax changes of the 1980s and 1990s have influenced economic growth, the distribution of income, and the share of taxes paid by various income groups. Many countries substantially reduced their highest marginal rates during the 1985-1995 period. The findings indicate that countries that reduced their highest marginal rates grew more rapidly than those that maintained high marginal rates. At the same time, the income distribution in several of the tax cutting countries became more unequal while there was little change or even a reduction in income inequality in most countries that maintained high marginal rates. Finally, the evidence suggests that there was a shift in the payment of the personal income tax away from those with low and middle incomes and toward those with the highest incomes.

Shadow Economy, Corruption, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedra Baklouti ◽  
Younes Boujelbene
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Considerable Debate

There is considerable debate over the effects of both corruption and shadow economy on growth, but few studies have considered how the interaction between them might affect economic growth. We study how corruption levels in public administration affect economic growth and how this effect depends on the shadow economy. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), fixed effects, and system generalized method of moments (GMM) on a dataset of 34 OECD countries over the period 1995-2014. The estimation results indicate that increased corruption and a larger shadow economy lead to decrease in economic growth. Results additionally indicate that the shadow economy magnifies the effect of corruption on economic growth. These results imply significant complementarities between corruption and the shadow economy, suggesting that the reduction of corruption will lead to a fall in the size of the shadow economy and will also reduce the negative effects of corruption on economic growth through the underground economy.

Economic Growth, Income Distribution, and Social Exclusion in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 268-299
Author(s):  
Anıl Duman ◽  
Alper Duman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Cycles ◽  
Institutional Convergence ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This chapter examines the degree of income and institutional convergence between Turkey and European Union (EU) as well as trends in inequality and poverty by taking a long-term perspective as changes in polices an institutions impact on economic and social outcomes, often with considerable lags. The authors’ findings reveal that Turkey has successfully transformed its inward-looking and largely agricultural economy in the past 35 years into an export-oriented and urban-based economy. The transformation has been achieved mostly in periods of dramatic reform embedded in business and political cycles. Nevertheless, in the most recent era, there have been significant setbacks for certain groups in terms of regulatory environment, equality of opportunity, and access to markets and resources. Although there has been progress in the overall distribution of income and other aspects of social inclusion, convergence to EU standards is not easy to observe in these indicators.

Wachstum und Verteilung

2021 ◽  
pp. 559-577
Author(s):  
Michael Pammer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Modern Economic Growth ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Income Growth and Distribution. This chapter describes economic growth and the distribution of income and wealth. Data on income are available from the last years of the 19th century onwards, whereas data on wealth are available for the entire century. Of all the Austrian lands, Lower Austria had the highest productivity, the earliest shift from agriculture to other sectors, and the largest wealth. It is a prime example of regions where the income distribution tends to widen from the beginnings of modern economic growth onwards. From the turn of the century on, however, the distribution tends to narrow again. The main reason for these changes lies in the differences in distribution structures between agriculture and the other sectors. Changes in income differentials between branches, or groups in the vertical order of branches, have less impact. The same pattern (growing inequality when a region is more developed) is also visible in synchronous comparisons between regions in different stages of economic development.

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