Drugs and the College Athlete: An Analysis of the Attitudes of Student Athletes at Risk

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Tricker ◽  
Declan Connolly
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
College Athlete ◽  
Salient Beliefs

Theories related to planned behavior and reasoned action have included an individual's attitude as an important factor in the formation of behavioral intentions and behaviors [1, 2]. Research on this topic suggests that salient beliefs affect intentions and subsequent behaviors, either through attitudes or subjective norms, or the degree of (perceived) control that an individual feels he/she has over the behavior. This study was designed to examine the relative importance of selected attitude variables in describing a profile of athletes who were at risk for using anabolic steroids, human grown hormone, amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana. Responses from 563 student athletes at two Division One NCAA universities were used in the study. The results of this study suggest that subjective norms, based on the influence of drug testing, peer influence, and a fear of detection are significant factors that influence the decisions of student athletes related to using banned substances. In this article characteristics of at-risk athletes are presented with recommendations for drug education programs for student athletes.

Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Intentions Among Adolescents: The Role of the Reasoned Action Approach and Positive Future Orientation

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Stoddard ◽  
Jennifer Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Use Behavior

Perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use are associated with adolescent substance use behavior, yet research on the role of contextual factors and positive assets in this relationship is scant. This study examined the relationship between school environment and peer influence and past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use via positive future orientation and AOD perceptions in a high school sample ( n = 392; 49% male; 73% White). A positive peer influence and a positive school environment were associated with lower alcohol and marijuana use via future orientation, reasoned action approach (RAA) constructs (i.e., injunctive norms, AOD expectancies, and perceived control over AOD use), and intentions to avoid AOD use. The findings provide support for the role of a positive future orientation in the prevention of AOD use among youth and point to differential paths of influence for contextual factors.

Martin Fishbein’s Legacy

2012 ◽  
Vol 640 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Icek Ajzen
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
And Control

The reasoned action approach that Martin Fishbein pioneered has emerged as the dominant conceptual framework for predicting, explaining, and changing human social behavior. The most popular model in this tradition, the theory of planned behavior, has generated a great deal of empirical research supporting the premises of this approach. It has been shown that behavioral, normative, and control beliefs provide the basis, respectively, for attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; that these three factors jointly account for a great deal of variance in behavioral intentions; and that intentions and perceived control can be used to predict actual behavior. Based on these insights, investigators have been able to design effective behavior change interventions.

Do young consumers care about ethical consumption? Modelling Gen Z's purchase intention towards fair trade coffee

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Robichaud ◽  
Hong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Ethical Consumption ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fair Trade Coffee

PurposeA global shift in ethical/sustainable purchase drivers highlights Generation Z (persons aged 15–24) as an important market for producers and marketers. Although much research has touched on fair trade consumption, very little has focused on Gen Z's consumption patterns. This study provides insights into and implications of younger consumers' motivations in ethical/sustainable consumption.Design/methodology/approachThis research examines Gen Z's purchase intention towards fair trade coffee with the theory of reasoned action framework. Data were collected with a convenience sample, and analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe research found a significant influence of knowledge of fair trade towards product interest. Furthermore, general attitudes towards fair trade had a significant influence on product interest, product likeability and convenience. Lastly, product interest and subjective norms significantly influenced Gen Z's purchase intentions towards fair trade coffee.Originality/valueFindings suggest that Gen Z's shift in ethical/sustainable consumption revolves around their subjective norms or peer influence circles and contributes to the notions of self-branding, identify claims and social currency. Younger generations are digital natives, and social media has created a looking glass into their actions. This digital expansion has created more opportunities for individuals to monitor the actions of others and release information in real-time. Therefore, ethical/sustainable consumption by Gen Z can be used as a communication tool among their peers to project personal values and ideological shifts and to influence others close to them.

Beliefs Underlying Eating Better and Moving More

2012 ◽  
Vol 640 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Middlestadt
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Belief Elicitation ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Salient Beliefs

The reasoned action approach has been used to identify the determinants of a behavior to be modified by social and behavioral interventions. Information on the specific beliefs underlying behavioral decisions is vital to intervention design. More attention is needed on the salient belief elicitation—a critical step in a theory-based formative research process. This article considers the methodological issues involved in conducting a salient belief elicitation with special attention to an elicitation that allows the comparison of results across several behaviors and priority groups. The author uses the behaviors underlying overweight and obesity as her central example. To support the development of interventions to improve cardiovascular health and to explore methods for a comparative analysis of salient belief elicitations, semistructured interviews were conducted with 243 adults from two rural and two urban worksites in Indiana and 344 students from three middle schools in rural Indiana. Content and frequency analyses identified the modal salient beliefs underlying several eating and physical activity behaviors. Illustrative results are presented, and recommendations for salient belief elicitation are discussed.

Situation-Specific Expertise and Perceived Control

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Gross ◽  
Phyllis G. Tiffany ◽  
Robert E. Billingham
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Control Score ◽  
Personal Expertise ◽  
Specific Expertise

To investigate the influence that situation-specific expertise might have on locus of control, 387 student/athletes completed Rotter's locus of control and the Dahlhauser Sports Locus of Control inventory. Analysis supported the hypothesis that subjects' expertise within a situation-specific environment will yield a locus of control score significantly more internalized than scores on the more general Rotter instrument. The authors conclude that personal expertise must be taken into account in research dealing with the construct of control. Further, research tailored more specifically to the situation is needed.

Gender Differences in Young Adults’ Beliefs About Sunscreen Use

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorien Abroms ◽  
Cynthia M. Jorgensen ◽  
Brian G. Southwell ◽  
Alan C. Geller ◽  
Karen M. Emmons
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
Salient Beliefs ◽  
Focus Group Methodology ◽  
Males And Females

This study employs focus group methodology to explore gender differences in sunscreen use. Guided by the theory of reasoned action, males and females were found to differ on each of the following constructs: behavior, behavioral beliefs, and normative beliefs. Males and females differed in their sunscreen use, with females adopting a more preventive style of sunscreen use and males a more reactive style. Males and females differed in their salient beliefs that motivated their sunscreen use, many of which were related to traditional American gender roles. In addition, although males and females were aware of both positive and negative sources of normative beliefs regarding sunscreen use, females received more encouragement from their mothers and peers than males. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the design of future interventions.

scholarly journals Examining Factors Influencing Customer Intention to Use Islamic Home Financing: A Study in UTM

2018 ◽  
pp. 648-653
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Religious Obligation

Islamic home financing is a kind of product offered by Islamic banks, which is based on the principle of Sharia. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) as basis, this study examine factors that influence customers intention in using Islamic home financing. 342 usable surveys are obtained from Islamic bank customers which are the staff in UTM. There are six determinant factors which are attitudes, subjective norms, religious obligation, price and product knowledge were tested. The outcomes show that attitude, religious obligation and product knowledge significantly influenced customers’ intention to use Islamic home financing while price and subjective norms are not significant. The results would help bankers to improving the strategies about the factors that they need the effective market Islamic home financing products in order to be more competitive and known to customers.

scholarly journals Exploring Residency Program Directors, Preceptors, and Residents' Intentions to Participate in Multicenter Pediatric Pharmacy Resident Research Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 708-717
Author(s):  
Peter N. Johnson ◽  
Brittany Powers Shaddix ◽  
Brandi M. Weller ◽  
Alexandra Oschman ◽  
David George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Resident Research ◽  
Salient Beliefs ◽  
Residency Program Directors

OBJECTIVE The purpose was to explore preceptors, residency program directors (RPDs), and residents' beliefs and intentions in participating in multicenter pediatric resident research projects (PRRPs). METHODS This exploratory qualitative study used the theory of planned behavior to explore beliefs, attitudes, and intentions toward participation in a multicenter PRRP. Two focus groups were formed: RPDs/preceptors and pharmacy residents. The primary objective was to identify attitudes/salient beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls regarding participation in multicenter PRRPs. The secondary objectives included identifying potential barriers and mitigation strategies for multicenter PRRPs. Descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis were performed. RESULTS The 2 focus groups included 24 participants: RPDs/preceptors (n = 16) and pharmacy residents (n = 8). The RPD/preceptor group had a mean of 7.4 ± 5.4 years of research experience; all residents had prior research experience as students. Participants shared and contrasted their salient beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control beliefs about logistical challenges, networking, mentoring, sample size, collaboration, workload, shared responsibilities for data collection and the institutional review board application, and resources associated with participation in multicenter PRRPs. Other items that participants felt were important were discussion of authorship order and dedicated research time for residents. CONCLUSIONS Participants provided favorable comments toward multicenter PRRPs but acknowledged some barriers. The resident, preceptor, and RPD intention to participate in multi-center PRRPs is very likely if they perceive this as an opportunity for increased networking and mentorship, increased likelihood of publication, enhanced research skill experience, and shared resources and responsibilities.

An Evaluation of Strategies Developed to Prevent Substance Abuse among Student-Athletes

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Marcello ◽  
Steven J. Danish ◽  
Arnold L. Stolberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Program Development ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Program

Substance abuse by the collegiate athlete has become a major concern. Drug testing programs are viewed as one method of combatting this problem; however, more emphasis should be placed upon developing effective drug prevention programs. The current study addresses this need by (a) designing a multifocused prevention program specifically for student-athletes based on the previous literature, (b) evaluating its overall effectiveness as well as that of its individual components, and (c) identifying factors associated with preintervention usage patterns of student-athletes for the purpose of guiding future program development efforts. Although 110 student-athletes indicated a willingness to participate in the study, only 58 completed the assessment packet. These 58 were randomly assigned to intervention and control conditions. Few differences were found between the treatment and control groups. Perhaps the most important finding was that social-environmental factors and pro-usage attitudes were related to previous patterns of alcohol, drug, and tobacco use prior to the student-athlete’s arrival at college. Results are discussed in terms of their impact upon future program development and evaluation.

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