scholarly journals Reconciling Csikszentmihalyi’s Broader Flow Theory: With Meaning and Value in Digital Games

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hamon Salisbury ◽  
Penda Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
Differential Perception ◽  
Mechanistic View

Flow, the concept developed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi over the last forty years or so (see Csikszentmihalyi 1975) has been invoked quite often with respect to the way players engage with digital games (e.g. Baron 2012; Cowley et al. 2008; Sweetser and Wyeth 2005; Brathwaite & Schreiber, 2009; Fullerton, Swain, & Hoffman, 2008; Schell, 2008). However, Kubey & Csikszentmihalyi (2002) have argued that ‘video games’ are in fact likely to promote undesirable experiences of a kind Csikszentmihalyi refers to as ‘entropy’ or unstructured and unsatisfying life experiences. This paper explores Csikszentmihalyi’s greater thesis and examines how a broader reading of Flow theory can potentially help us understand Flow like engagements beyond the simple mechanistic view of challenge explicitly introduce personally expressed cultural values into the conditions of Flow. By doing so we can then provide a value centric analysis and design approach, similar to that of Cockton’s (2004; 2012) proposal, to include values in general software design. That is, the very nature of challenges and rewards needs to be considered in order to investigate how overcoming or receiving such challenges would be positively or negatively perceived by individuals, from particular cultures, holding particular values. Thus we hope that we have dealt with the apparent contradiction in using Csikszentmihalyi’s concept in the study of games despite his criticism of such a move, and have provided some indication of how we can deal with unspecified rewards and the differential perception and engagement with potentially equivalent challenges while still supporting the accepted thesis of Flow.

An Integrated Query Relaxation Approach Adopting Data Abstraction and Fuzzy Relation

2012 ◽  
pp. 359-384
Author(s):  
Soon-Young Huh ◽  
Kae-Hyun Moon ◽  
Jinsoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Fuzzy Relation ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Data Abstraction ◽  
Query Relaxation ◽  
Similarity Relationship ◽  
Cooperative Query Answering ◽  
A Value ◽  
Relaxation Control ◽  
Similarity Relationships

This paper proposes a cooperative query answering approach that relaxes query conditions to provide approximate answers by utilizing similarity relationships between data values. The proposed fuzzy abstraction hierarchy (FAH) represents a similarity relationship based on the integrated notion of data abstraction and fuzzy relations. Based on FAH, the authors develop query relaxation operators like query generalization, approximation, and specialization of a value. Compared with existing approaches, FAH supports more effective information retrieval by processing various kinds of cooperative queries through elaborate relaxation control and providing ranked query results according to fitness scores. Moreover, FAH reduces maintenance cost by decreasing the number of similarity relationships to be managed.

scholarly journals Development of Android Based Try Out Application For National Exam Of Vocational Theory In Vocational School Accompanied With Learning Outcomes Recommendation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muklis Eko Apriyanto ◽  
Rosihan Ari Yuana ◽  
Mintasih Indriayu
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Unit Testing ◽  
Web Based ◽  
A Value ◽  
Vocational Theory ◽  
Requirement Definition ◽  
Android Applications ◽  
Software Development Model ◽  
Method R

This research aims to develop the Android based for National Exam Tryout of Vocational Theory of SMK TKJ. This<br />application also gives recommendation according the tryout result. This research also aims to know the feasibility of<br />this application based on an assessment by media expert and student of TKJ department. this research use research<br />and development method (R &amp; D) which adapted from Waterfall software development model. Waterfall method<br />includes 5 stages: (1) requirement definition; (2) system and software design; (3) implementation and unit testing; (4)<br />integration and unit testing; (5) operation and maintenance. The assessment results from media experts amounted to<br />4.37 for Android-based front-end applications and for 4.42 for web-based back-end applications, user-rating back-end<br />apps got a value of 4.65, while ratings from students were 4.53. Based on the feasibility study It can be concluded that<br />the Android applications can be used. This application has advantages that are: 1) the application can display the<br />recommendation of exam results; 2) the application displays questions randomly; 3) app can run on old Android<br />version.<br /><br />

Value Methodology Identifies Energy-Saving Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Chris Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
A Value ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Cost

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 197759, “Energy-Saving Challenges and Opportunities in Upstream Operations Using Value Methodology,” by Mohamed Ahmed Soliman, Saudi Aramco, prepared for the 2019 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 11-14 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The objective of the complete paper is to investigate and analyze energy-saving and process-optimization opportunities in upstream surface facilities, from downhole to the gas/oil separation plants (GOSPs), using a value-methodology approach. Function analysis was used to identify those functions that can be reduced, eliminated, or synergized to minimize GOSP operating and maintenance cost. All successful opportunities were selected on the basis of their minimum operating expenses and capital expenditure (CAPEX) with a value-engineering methodology. Introduction Value methodology has been implemented successfully in new projects to save costs but rarely has been implemented in oil and gas operating facilities to minimize operating costs. The success of value methodology in reducing capital project costs prompted the author to explore its application to operating facilities, specifically toward minimizing operating and maintenance cost. Value methodology is used when value is a concern and requires optimization. Value is defined as the ratio of function to cost. The value-engineering methodology consists of the following six-step process (Fig. 1): Information: Collect, review, and analyze all information about the project or the plant, including the cost. Review and define current project conditions and identify study goals. Function analysis: Define the primary function of the product or project in a simple format. Creativity: Generate the largest number of innovative ideas (brainstorming) without being controlled by standards and best practices. Evaluation: Evaluate the ideas generated from the creativity phase, eliminate impractical ones, and select the most-profitable and -achievable improvement idea. Development: Develop further the selected best ideas from the evaluation phase and estimate the cost. The development phase includes cost/benefit analyses, drawings, implementation steps, and responsibilities. Presentation: Present the selected ideas to decision-makers and stakeholders for final approval. Case Studies Several energy-saving opportunities were analyzed to highlight the need to check continuously the function of each equipment item and process in any operating facility. Many functions were found to be unnecessary. In some cases, these unnecessary functions adversely affected plant operation. The complete paper provides four case studies; this synopsis will highlight three of them.

An Integrated Query Relaxation Approach Adopting Data Abstraction and Fuzzy Relation

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Young Huh ◽  
Kae-Hyun Moon ◽  
Jinsoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Fuzzy Relation ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Data Abstraction ◽  
Fuzzy Relations ◽  
Query Relaxation ◽  
Cooperative Query Answering ◽  
A Value ◽  
Relaxation Control ◽  
Similarity Relationships

This paper proposes a cooperative query answering approach that relaxes query conditions to provide approximate answers by utilizing similarity relationships between data values. The proposed fuzzy abstraction hierarchy (FAH) represents a similarity relationship based on the integrated notion of data abstraction and fuzzy relations. Based on FAH, the authors develop query relaxation operators like query generalization, approximation, and specialization of a value. Compared with existing approaches, FAH supports more effective information retrieval by processing various kinds of cooperative queries through elaborate relaxation control and providing ranked query results according to fitness scores. Moreover, FAH reduces maintenance cost by decreasing the number of similarity relationships to be managed.

Observations of the Thermal Decomposition of Brucite

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 446-447
Author(s):  
P. L. Burnett ◽  
W. R. Mitchell ◽  
C. L. Houck
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Reaction Proceeds

Natural Brucite (Mg(OH)2) decomposes on heating to form magnesium oxide (MgO) having its cubic ﹛110﹜ and ﹛111﹜ planes respectively parallel to the prism and basal planes of the hexagonal brucite lattice. Although the crystal-lographic relation between the parent brucite crystal and the resulting mag-nesium oxide crystallites is well known, the exact mechanism by which the reaction proceeds is still a matter of controversy. Goodman described the decomposition as an initial shrinkage in the brucite basal plane allowing magnesium ions to shift their original sites to the required magnesium oxide positions followed by a collapse of the planes along the original <0001> direction of the brucite crystal. He noted that the (110) diffraction spots of brucite immediately shifted to the positions required for the (220) reflections of magnesium oxide. Gordon observed separate diffraction spots for the (110) brucite and (220) magnesium oxide planes. The positions of the (110) and (100) brucite never changed but only diminished in intensity while the (220) planes of magnesium shifted from a value larger than the listed ASTM d spacing to the predicted value as the decomposition progressed.

Field-assisted ionization theory for microscopists

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 820-821
Author(s):  
Patrick P. Camus
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Tunneling ◽  
Ionization Probability ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Tunneling Probability ◽  
Field Ionization ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Field Evaporation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ion Emission

The theory of field ion emission is the study of electron tunneling probability enhanced by the application of a high electric field. At subnanometer distances and kilovolt potentials, the probability of tunneling of electrons increases markedly. Field ionization of gas atoms produce atomic resolution images of the surface of the specimen, while field evaporation of surface atoms sections the specimen. Details of emission theory may be found in monographs.Field ionization (FI) is the phenomena whereby an electric field assists in the ionization of gas atoms via tunneling. The tunneling probability is a maximum at a critical distance above the surface,xc, Fig. 1. Energy is required to ionize the gas atom at xc, I, but at a value reduced by the appliedelectric field, xcFe, while energy is recovered by placing the electron in the specimen, φ. The highest ionization probability occurs for those regions on the specimen that have the highest local electric field. Those atoms which protrude from the average surfacehave the smallest radius of curvature, the highest field and therefore produce the highest ionizationprobability and brightest spots on the imaging screen, Fig. 2. This technique is called field ion microscopy (FIM).

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

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