Congenital Neutropenia in Children: Evaluation of Infectious Complications, Treatment Results and Long-Term Outcome

Objective: Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with congenital neutropenia. In the present study, we report on the incidence, type, localization of documented infections, as well as the clinical features and long-term outcome in patients with congenital neutropenia in our clinic. Method: We performed a retrospective chart review of children with neutropenia seen at our hospital from 2000-2018. The data of 15 patients with congenital neutropenia were included in this study. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed retrospectively using patients’ files and an electronic data system. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 34 months (range, four months- 150 months) and the median follow-up time was 48 months (range, 13-179 months). The leading causes of hospital admission before the establishment of the diagnosis were upper respiratory tract infection in six, pneumonia in four, gingival stomatitis in three and soft tissue infection in two patients. We reached the documented 74 hospitalization episodes and the most common reasons for hospitalization were pneumonia (35%), fever (21%), stomatitis (16%), cutaneous and deep soft tissue infections (12%). Conclusion: The management of infectious complications in children with congenital neutropenia is crucial. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent infections and permanent organ damage. Congenital neutropenia should be suspected in patients with a history of frequent upper respiratory tract infection, and necessary investigations should be performed accordingly. However, it should be kept in mind that the clinical findings of the patients may vary despite having the same mutation.