scholarly journals Factors Affecting Labor Productivity: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Fayyaz Sheikh ◽  
Iqra Rabnawaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Factors Affecting

Labor productivity is important as it is the major factor determining nations' living standards. This study analyzes the factors affecting labor productivity in Pakistan using time series data. ARDL model is applied for estimation of the long run relationship of variables for the period 1981-2018. Data have been taken from the Handbook of Statistics of State Bank of Pakistan and various economic surveys of Pakistan. The findings show that wages, human capital investment, labor force participation, and inflation significantly affect labor productivity. The results indicate that wage rate has a positive effect on labor productivity, and human capital investment also is positively related to labor productivity. At the same time, labor force participation and inflation are negatively related to labor productivity. These findings imply that labor productivity can be raised by increasing the wage rate and investing more in human capital. Results are consistent with efficiency wage theory and human capital theory.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Variables And Corruption In Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Zahariah Mohd Zain ◽  
Fatimah Setapa ◽  
Ruzita Baah ◽  
Khaleed Kusnin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the government’s effort to eradicate corruption, it is still impossible to combat it as long as individuals with no integrity and sense of responsibility exists in organizations. ca This study is to investigate the relationship between several macroeconomics variables with corruption. The macroeconomics variables include government spending, human capital, investment and trade openness. This study uses time series data from the year 1994-2016. The data were obtained from Political Risk Service (PRS) and World Development Indicator from World Bank. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used to examine the relationship between all the macroeconomic variables and corruption. The macroeconomic variables found to be significantly related to corruption in Malaysia were human capital and trade openness. However changes in the corruption in Malaysia may not necessarily be influenced by government spending and investment. Furthermore, all variables are found to have a positive relationship with corruption. The general findings of this paper strongly suggested that corruption in Malaysia is increasing continuously. Therefore efforts by the Malaysian government and policy makers are badly needed to fight corruption in order to foster better economic growth through improved business operations, employment and investments.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIFKAH HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT OLEH PEMERINTAH DAERAH PROVINSI DALAM ERA DESENTRALISASI?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Bambang Suprayitno ◽  
Tejo Nurseto ◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Regional Labor

Abstrak: Produktifkah Human Capital Investment oleh Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi dalam Era Desentralisasi? Efektivitas pengeluaran pemerintah khususnya human capital investment dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tenaga kerja juga tergantung dari pemilihan pemda dalam menentukan jenis pengeluaran tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengeluaran belanja pemerintah secara umum maupun secara fungsional terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode ekonometrika. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari ringkasan APBD pemda seluruh Indonesia yang disediakan oleh Kemenkeu Dirjen Perimbangan Keuangan Daerah RI. Data yang digunakan adalah data tahun 2012 dengan unit analisis perekonomian level provinsi seluruh Indonesia. Pengeluaran pemerintah provinsi secara total tidak mempengaruhi produktivitas tenaga kerja regional. Pengeluaran pemerintah daerah provinsi dalam fungsi human capital investment tidak efektif meningkatkan produktivitas tenaga kerja meski demikian pengeluaran pemerintah dalam bidang fasilitas umum dan perumahan mempengaruhi secara positif produktivitas tenaga kerja regionalnya. Kata Kunci: pemerintah daerah, human capital investment, produktivitas tenaga kerja, desentralisasi fiskal, pengeluaran pemerintah Abstract: Is The Human Capital Investment of Provincial Governments Productive in Decentralization Era? The effectiveness of government spending, especially investment in human capital, increases labor productivity also depends on how the local government determines the type of expenditure. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of government spending in general and functionally to labor productivity. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach, econometric method. This study uses secondary data from local government budgets across Indonesia summary provided by the Indonesian Ministry of Finance Directorate General of Regional Financial Balance. The data used is the provincial-level economic analysis units throughout Indonesia in 2012. This research shows that provincial government spending in human capital investment does not effectively increase labor productivity. Total provincial government spending does not affect the regional labor productivity. Government spending in the areas of public facilities and housing positively influence regional labor productivity. Keywords: local government, human capital investment, labor productivity, fiscal decentralization, public spending

scholarly journals Human Capital and Endogenous Growth: Incorporating the Role of Unemployment in Determining Returns

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Hina Ali ◽  
Saadia Irshad ◽  
Maria Shams Khakwani ◽  
Tayyaba Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Female Labor

This study reported the returns to Human Capital in Pakistan. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the returns to human capital. In Pakistan, the level of output is dependent on manpower. Human Capital is a significant contributor in the way to betterment in the economic condition. In this study, time series data is used, and co-integration is applied for the empirical estimation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), education, mortality, enrolment, unemployment, and age are the core variables of the research. Education has a positive impact on productivity. An increase in education level raises the female labor force participation in Pakistan. The presence of children decreases the early age participation in the labor market. The result shows that when the education level is increased, it boosts the economic activity, and the female labor force participation is the main reason that is increasing its likelihood. It is recommended that government should provide better facilities of education to enhance the female force participation in the labor market in the case of developing countries, by providing the best grades and tasks to the human beings both male and female, thus the level of returns by human capital utilization may increase.

Four worlds of productivity growth: A comparative analysis of human capital investment policy and productivity growth outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth

Labor productivity is an important determinant of the wealth of national economies and standards of living, as its growth explains half of per capita GDP growth. I show that there are four worlds of productivity growth among industrialized countries, by decomposing labor productivity growth into multifactor productivity (MFP) growth and capital deepening. The four worlds that emerge from the analysis are: (1) human capital investment- and MFP growth-dominant Nordic countries; (2) physical capital investment- and labor productivity growth-dominant liberal countries; (3) continental European countries whose moderately high human capital investments create decently high MFP growth, but whose low physical capital investments push down their labor productivity; and (4) South European countries with both the lowest human capital investment and lowest productivity growth. The four worlds are a result partly of the countries’ partisan politics, economic growth strategies, and human capital formation policies – different policies add differently to the components of labor productivity.

scholarly journals Investasi di Sektor Pertambangan dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja Sebagai Determinan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kalimantan Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Ratnaningsih Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Mining Sector

Investment and labor are factors that affect the economic growth of a region. Economic growth is measured by Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of investment in the mining sector and the labor force participation rate on the GRDP of South Kalimantan. This study employs a quantitative approach with secondary data on macroeconomic indicators obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of South Kalimantan. The data used is panel data which is a combination of time series data with cross-section data. The estimation results of the Fixed Effect Model show that foreign investment, domestic investment, and the level of labor force participation simultaneously have a significant effect on economic growth in South Kalimantan. Partially, foreign investment on mining sector has a negative and insignificant effect; domestic investment on mining sector has a positive and significant effect, and Labor Force Participation Rate has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in South Kalimantan

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