scholarly journals Evolution of Science and Technology Policy in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-172
Author(s):  
Ji Woong Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Government

This paper provides an overview of the key policy instruments and capacity building policy tools used in each development phase of science and technology in Korea. In the 1960s and ’70s, the Korean government built an institutional foundation for the development of science and technology. In the later part of the ’60s, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the governmentfunded research institute became key organizations to implementation of policies intended to foster the advance of science and technology in Korea. The Korean government also focused on learning about and absorbing foreign technologies by licensing and by importing capital goods. From 1980 to 1997, the Korean government shifted its policy direction from technology learning to developing by its own scientific and technological capacity in high-technology sectors, which requires an indigenous R&D capability. It launched large-scale R&D programs that targeted certain fields to close what was a large gap between advanced countries and Korea. Korea became a fast follower, making a massive investment in certain fields, such as the semiconductor, electronics, steel and chemical industries. In the late 1990s, the Korean government developed a plan to build a national science and technology innovation system. Although the relevant infrastructures had been in place for 40 years and an R&D capability for innovation was in the works, those were not perceived to be systematically working together, which is crucial for sustainable innovation. The government response to this problem was to design a policy that tried to systemize the whole process of science and technology innovation.

Tax and S&T Policies for Research Commercialization: Perspectives of Southeast Asian Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarunee Wonglimpiyarat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Diamond Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Innovative Capacity

High-tech businesses are important in enhancing the innovative capacity of nation. Many countries use tax schemes as one of the government policy instruments to provide an environment conducive to the growth of high-tech companies. This paper analyzes the tax policies and R&D tax incentives to promote technology commercialization in Singapore and Thailand. The analysis is focused on the government dimension of Porter’s diamond model. The results reveal the government intervention model whereby the governments of both countries have pursued a developmental state role in fostering innovative entrepreneurship. The study offers insightful lessons linking tax policy to the perspective of science and technology (S&T) policy. The policy implications would be useful to other developing economies in shaping the direction of the national innovation system.

The regional-innovation cluster policy for R&D efficiency and the creative economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Cluster

Purpose This paper aims to discuss and present the regional-innovation cluster policy for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. In particular, the R&D efficiency and creative economy of Daedeok Innopolis are discussed for the science and technology policy of the R&D regional-innovation cluster. In this research, the region cluster policy change, the creative innovation system construction, the manpower system construction and the support unification for R&D and commercialization are presented as policy proposals for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the universities, research institutes and enterprises of Daedeok Innopolis were studied. Thirty people from the universities in the area, 30 from the research institutes and 30 from the enterprises were surveyed through the quota sampling of the non-probability sampling method for this research. These survey respondents were science and technology policy specialists for the R&D, industrialization and entrepreneurial activities of Daedeok Innopolis. The methodological material is a questionnaire. The study’s investigation factors were the government’s role, knowledge creation and the network. Also, F-test, ANOVA and chi-square independence test were utilized for the survey data analysis. Findings Regional-innovation cluster construction is a representative method of realizing regional development and competition enhancement. This research was found through the analysis that the government policy is very useful for innovation ecosystem development. The knowledge capability has been enhanced in connection with knowledge creation. Also, the network has been vitalized. New-dimension industry–university–institute collaboration and a human resource management system are needed for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. Daedeok Innopolis needs consistent support for industrialization and foundation. Social implications Movement of and cooperation among humans, goods, knowledge, technologies, etc., occur in many areas (science, the economy, culture, arts, etc.) because of the compression of time and space through informatization and globalization. This has brought about changes in cross-border, regional and national relations and has stimulated competition in the aforementioned areas. To date, a state-dominated system has been operated to deal with these changes, but it has been shown to be inefficient because it cannot reflect the conditions in the region and does not allow quick reaction. The advantages of the region must be identified and utilized to boost the survival and development of the region. Regional-innovation cluster construction is a representative method of realizing regional development and competition enhancement. Originality/value The innovative feature of the study is proposed the science and technology policy (the region cluster policy change, the creative innovation system construction, the manpower system construction and the support unification for R&D and commercialization) for the R&D regional-innovation cluster through the survey data analysis. In this paper, the R&D efficiency and the creative economy of Daedeok Innopolis are discussed for the science and technology policy of the R&D regional-innovation cluster. The science and technology policy for the R&D regional-innovation cluster development is examined for the first time in this paper. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the establishment of a development strategy for the regional-innovation cluster, and to the decision-making regarding the science and technology policy.

Implications of Technology Management and Policy on the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System: Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1440009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patarapong Intarakumnerd ◽  
Nathasit Gerdsri
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technology Strategies ◽  
Sectoral Innovation Systems

This paper examines how a sectoral innovation system evolves over time and what the underlying factors derive from the development of automotive industry in Thailand which is presented as a case example. Since 1960's, the government policies and the development of liberal investment climate have been a push for the influx of large-scale foreign direct investments (FDI) in Thailand. Automotive industry has also been targeted as a major assembly base of foreign carmakers while the local suppliers were mostly slow and passive learners. In the late- 1990's, foreign carmakers began acting as "lead" firms to invest in R&D and related activities. This induced positive coevolution in other actors, especially the first-tier foreign suppliers and some local suppliers, in the sectoral innovation systems which, in turn, became stronger, more coherent and product-specific. According to Thailand Automotive Institute (TAI), the production volume is expected to grow to two million units by 2015 which would bring Thailand to be on the top-ten list of the largest auto-producers in the world. This research paper has implications on the concept of sectoral innovation system, corporate technology strategies and government technology and innovation policies.

Transparency of Innovation Policy

2014 ◽  
pp. 218-238
Author(s):  
Bo Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
Policy Arena ◽  
Innovation Processes

This chapter focuses on transparency in innovation policy, with emphasis on the science and technology policy arena. It begins by presenting the broader innovation systems policy domain and analyzing the nature of innovation and innovation processes as well as the rationale for innovation policy including the goals, instruments, and actors involved in such a policy. It then considers policy instruments and “soft” institutions that influence the outcomes of science and technology policy, including the protection of intellectual property rights. The chapter concludes by assessing the benefits of transparency in the innovation policy arena.

Russian S&T Foresight 2030: identifying new drivers of growth

foresight ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Gokhberg ◽  
Alexander Sokolov ◽  
Alexander Chulok
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Research University ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the recent Russian Science and Technology Foresight – a full-fledged study targeted at the identification of the most promising areas of science and technology (S&T) development in Russia towards 2030 to ensure the realisation of the nation’s competitive advantages. It was organised as a complex project involving dozens of organizations performing particular tasks under the overall coordination by the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) and more than 2,000 experts in various S&T fields. Design/methodology/approach Its methodology embraced a set of qualitative and quantitative methods and combined technology push and market pool approaches. For seven S&T areas (information and communication technologies, biotechnologies, medicine and health, new materials and nanotechnologies, rational use of nature, transportation and space systems, energy efficiency and energy saving), the following types of results have been obtained: global trends, national challenges and windows of opportunities; new markets and niches; innovation products and services; prospective technologies and R&D fields (50 thematic groups, over 1,000 items for all areas); assessment of the country’s positions vis-à-vis global leaders; recommendations for S&T and innovation policies. Findings The paper covers prospective drivers of economic growth and relevant implications for anticipatory evidence-based policy; discussions of national challenges and building a common vision of the future among key stakeholders; the role of Foresight in particular as a communication platform that helps integrating stakeholder interests; strengthening existing and developing new capacities to increase national competitiveness; and to move up along existing and emerging global value chains. Originality/value The Russian S&T Foresight, being deeply integrated in the national policy, can be considered as an exemplar tool for “wiring up” the national innovation system (NIS) of an emerging economy with its specific features and problems facing large-scale challenges.

scholarly journals Dukungan Pemerintah Dan Strategi Keberlanjutan Bisnis Ukm Korea Selatan Di Tengah Pandemi Covid 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Ratnaningsih Hidayati ◽  
Nadya Megawati Rachman
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
The South ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
South Korean Government ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Global pandemic of COVID-19 has bee creating economic disruption in many countries including South Korea. The decline in the trade sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic does not only affect large-scale industries. The Small and Medium Enterprises sector is also affected by the impact of the implementation of various policies in place to anticipate the spread of this virus. This study aims to provide an overview of government policies and business strategies for South Korean SMEs in the midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic and this study is also expected to provide input for the Government to design appropriate, fast and quality economic recovery programs for SMEs affected by COVID-19. . This paper uses a qualitative approach. The data collection technique was carried out through literature study / literature study and interviews with the Republic of Indonesia Trade Representative in South Korea. The results showed that as a country that was first affected by COVID-19, the response of the South Korean government was relatively fast and sufficient to guarantee business continuity for SMEs, there are five main policies implemented by the South Korean Government and five Business Strategies of SMEs in dealing with COVID- 19.

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