Implications of Technology Management and Policy on the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System: Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1440009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patarapong Intarakumnerd ◽  
Nathasit Gerdsri
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technology Strategies ◽  
Sectoral Innovation Systems

This paper examines how a sectoral innovation system evolves over time and what the underlying factors derive from the development of automotive industry in Thailand which is presented as a case example. Since 1960's, the government policies and the development of liberal investment climate have been a push for the influx of large-scale foreign direct investments (FDI) in Thailand. Automotive industry has also been targeted as a major assembly base of foreign carmakers while the local suppliers were mostly slow and passive learners. In the late- 1990's, foreign carmakers began acting as "lead" firms to invest in R&D and related activities. This induced positive coevolution in other actors, especially the first-tier foreign suppliers and some local suppliers, in the sectoral innovation systems which, in turn, became stronger, more coherent and product-specific. According to Thailand Automotive Institute (TAI), the production volume is expected to grow to two million units by 2015 which would bring Thailand to be on the top-ten list of the largest auto-producers in the world. This research paper has implications on the concept of sectoral innovation system, corporate technology strategies and government technology and innovation policies.

scholarly journals Four and a half years of experience of a clinician born and raised in Fukushima: discrepancy found through dialogues and practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Exposures

Many initiatives to measure the internal and external exposures of the residents of Fukushima have been undertaken since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. However, residents have had few, if any, opportunities for face-to-face explanations to understand the meaning of such measurements. Although the personal data of tens of thousands of residents were collected, these data were not analysed adequately, and were therefore not used to implement large-scale programmes to manage/reduce exposures. One of the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident is that it is imperative for the government to implement these measures for radiation protection, and to build an effective functioning service for the residents. The author, as a physician from the region, has worked as an explainer/interpreter of exposure dose measurements to individual residents. Another lesson learned from this experience is that local medical and health professionals can contribute to building a public system for radiation protection, by acting as ‘liaising officers’ to connect residents, the authorities, and experts from outside the region. This paper describes the author’s experience and lessons learned in the hope that this information will be useful in the event of a future accident.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Current Problems and Prospects for Enterprise Development in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (525) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
I. V. Nosach ◽  
◽  
N. V. Vodolazska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
World Market ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

The article is aimed at studying the analysis of modern problems and prospects for the development of enterprises in Ukraine. Analyzing the latest researches and publications of scientists, the general theoretical bases of problems and prospects for the development of domestic enterprises were considered. The article covers and theoretically substantiates modern problems of entrepreneurship development, which periodically require their study and research, taking into account constant changes in the economy. In general, enterprises play a significant role, because their effective activities is a source of economic growth, which ensures employment in the country and directly affects the improvement of the quality of life of the population, solving social problems and overcoming poverty. However, Ukrainian economy continues to situate «on the swings» in a constantly changing tendency. It is especially influenced by such factors as raising the US dollar exchange rate, reducing attractiveness in the world market, and recently the introduction of quarantine restrictions in the face of the coronavirus pandemic, which has had a significant impact on its development both in Ukraine and around the world. At the same time, precisely the small enterprises play a leading role in creating an effective economy of Ukraine, despite the fact that their development is uneven and they have not taken a proper place in the structure of the national economy. Thus, for the government of the country should become priority directions for stimulating the innovative activity of the entrepreneurial sector, introducing European approaches to the development of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the formation of a favorable regulatory environment, innovation and investment climate. Moreover, the implementation of this policy should be carried out purposefully, consistently and systematically, as part of the complex of the national innovation system.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Of Transportation Infrastructure Development Through PPP Scheme In Indonesia And Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Siti Maimunah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Type I ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Government

During the last decade, infrastructure development has become the main focus for several developing countries seeking to achieve a high economic gr()'l,()th rate. H()'l,()ever, developing sufficient infrastructure to meet the demand side is quite challenging, especially given the financing required. To fulfill this condition, methodology for financing schemes for infrastructure projects with Public Private Partnerships (PPP) has recently been significantly increased in both developed and developing countries. To attract private investments, the government has attempted to improve the legal and regulatory framework at transportation sector. H()'l,()ever, revising the infrastructure laws is not enough to attract private sector investment. The government of Indonesia still needs more efforts to create an attractive investment climate. Although Indonesia has had a system for PPP methodology, only a few projects have been implemented. The objectives of this study are to learn about and understand Japan's PFI methodology, particularly type I, and find the benefits of its implementation in terms of the development of public infrastructures and it can be implemented in Indonesia. Through comparative analysis between PFI methodology in Japan and PPP methodology in Indonesia, it can be concluded that in general, since the project scope between Japan's PFI and Indonesia's PPP are fundamentally different, not all procedures in Japan's PFI methodology can be applied to improve Indonesia's PPP methodology. To apply some lessons learned from Japan's PFI, it is necessary to consider the nature and culture of the country. Based on the current condition of PPP projects in Indonesia, the government needs to take specific actions, including: institutional framework, service payment scheme and risk allocation.Keywords: Japan's PFI, Indonesia's PPP, Comparative Analysis Selama dekade terakhir, pembangunan infrastruktur telah menjadi fokus utama bagi beberapa negara berkembang untuk mencapai tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi. Namun, mengembangkan infrastruktur untuk memenuhi permintaan cukup menantang, terutama mengingat pembiayaan yang diperlukan. Untuk memenuhi kondisi ini, maka dikembangkan metodologi pembiayaan yang dikenal dengan Kerjasama Pemerintah Swasta (KPS), yang akhir-akhir ini telah meningkat secara signifikan di banyak negara maju dan berkembang. Untuk menarik investor, pemerintah telah berusaha untuk memperbaiki kerangka hukum dan peraturan di sektor transportasi. Namun, merevisi undang-undang infrastruktur tidak cukup untuk menarik investor. Pemerintah Indonesia masih membutuhkan lebih banyak upaya untuk menciptakan iklim investasi yang menarik. Meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki sistem untuk metodologi KPS, hanya beberapa proyek telah dilaksanakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan memahami metodologi PFI di Jepang, terutama tipe I, dan menemukan manfaat dari pelaksanaannya dalam hal pembangunan infrastruktur umum dan dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Melalui analisis komparatif antara metodologi PFI di Jepang dan PPP metodologi di Indonesia, dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum, karena ruang lingkup proyek antara PFI di Jepang dan di KPS di Indonesia pada dasamya berbeda, tidak semua prosedur dalam metodologi PFI di Jepang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan PPP di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis PFI di Jepang, maka perlu mempertimbangkan sfat dan budaya negara. Berdasarkan kondisi saat ini, maka pemerintah perlu mengambil tindakan tertentu untuk proyek KPS di Indonesia, termasuk: kerangka kelembagaan, skema layanan pembayaran dan alokasi risiko.Kata kunci: PFI di Jepang PF!, KPS di Indonesia, Analisis Perbandingan

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY BASED ON PROMISING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
E. S. Podbornova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Improving the efficiency of the automotive industry largely depends on the innovation activity of the region and the country as a whole. This implies the need to form a high-quality national innovation system. It should include large-scale R&D, fundamental and applied industry research with substantial finan-cial investments in the development and implementation of innovative technologies, and all activities in this area should be based on a competent innovation policy. Due to the current political instability, potential sanc-tions measures by the United States and the West, the unstable economic situation of business, due to re-strictions due to COVID-19 (lack of demand, large losses, insufficient resource base), such a system cannot be created only by the efforts of market structures. Thus, state participation in regulating the development and support of knowledge-intensive enterprises is relevant today.

scholarly journals Albania’s Transformation since 1997: Successes and Failures

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (77) ◽  
pp. 81-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Jusufi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The Government ◽  
Successes And Failures

AbstractIn 1997 Albania experienced a collapse of order and widespread violence, which resulted in a situation where the government was overthrown and some 2,000 people were killed. The 1997 disorder came as a result of the collapse of fraudulent financial pyramid schemes that had all the features of a war-like economic structure. During the 1997 events, large-scale confiscation and stealing of state assets occurred. Albania’s transitional period from communism to democracy, which began in 1990, led to the establishment of new structures for profiting from the country’s resources. Some of these political and economic structures, in the aftermath of the 1997 events, disappeared and others, including their structural effects, persist and have had an impact on the country’s political stability and economic progress. Today, both the successes and failures of the country are assessed based on the progress that the country has made since the 1997 events. The paper analyses the 1997 events and the transformation of Albania’s political and economic structures between 1997 and 2016, considering both achievements and failures. It looks at how the country has dealt with the post-1997 peace-building and development agenda from the perspective of it being a success. It looks at the factors that led to state failure in 1997 and at the factors that continue and have generated a path dependency to the current political context of the country. Although a lot has been written concerning the 1997 events, very little analysis has been conducted concerning what it means from the perspective of research on state failure. In this context, the proposed paper seeks to offer Albania as a case study example of a transformation process, from the uprising to the current situation, which is characterized as a mixture of successes and failures. The belief is that the proposed paper will point to some lessons learned for the strategies directed at the transformation processes.

scholarly journals Evolution of Science and Technology Policy in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-172
Author(s):  
Ji Woong Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Government

This paper provides an overview of the key policy instruments and capacity building policy tools used in each development phase of science and technology in Korea. In the 1960s and ’70s, the Korean government built an institutional foundation for the development of science and technology. In the later part of the ’60s, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the governmentfunded research institute became key organizations to implementation of policies intended to foster the advance of science and technology in Korea. The Korean government also focused on learning about and absorbing foreign technologies by licensing and by importing capital goods. From 1980 to 1997, the Korean government shifted its policy direction from technology learning to developing by its own scientific and technological capacity in high-technology sectors, which requires an indigenous R&D capability. It launched large-scale R&D programs that targeted certain fields to close what was a large gap between advanced countries and Korea. Korea became a fast follower, making a massive investment in certain fields, such as the semiconductor, electronics, steel and chemical industries. In the late 1990s, the Korean government developed a plan to build a national science and technology innovation system. Although the relevant infrastructures had been in place for 40 years and an R&D capability for innovation was in the works, those were not perceived to be systematically working together, which is crucial for sustainable innovation. The government response to this problem was to design a policy that tried to systemize the whole process of science and technology innovation.

Experiences With and Lessons Learned From Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Support Program for Older Hearing Aid Users and Their Communication Partners in the Hearing Aid Dispensing Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine F. J. Meijerink ◽  
Marieke Pronk ◽  
Sophia E. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Communication Program ◽  
Communication Partners

Purpose The SUpport PRogram (SUPR) study was carried out in the context of a private academic partnership and is the first study to evaluate the long-term effects of a communication program (SUPR) for older hearing aid users and their communication partners on a large scale in a hearing aid dispensing setting. The purpose of this research note is to reflect on the lessons that we learned during the different development, implementation, and evaluation phases of the SUPR project. Procedure This research note describes the procedures that were followed during the different phases of the SUPR project and provides a critical discussion to describe the strengths and weaknesses of the approach taken. Conclusion This research note might provide researchers and intervention developers with useful insights as to how aural rehabilitation interventions, such as the SUPR, can be developed by incorporating the needs of the different stakeholders, evaluated by using a robust research design (including a large sample size and a longer term follow-up assessment), and implemented widely by collaborating with a private partner (hearing aid dispensing practice chain).

The Investment Climate in Russia

2006 ◽  
pp. 48-77
Author(s):  
Article Editorial
Keyword(s):  
Money Demand ◽  
State Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Potential Gdp ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Boom

During the last six years, exceptionally favourable external conditions for an upsurge of the domestic economy have been developed. However, they failed to result in an economic boom, which has been estimated by the authors as quite possible. One of the reasons for this - deterioration of the investment climate in the country that caused a decline of business activities and money demand decrease thus leading to reduction of potential GDP growth rate. The accumulated modernisation problems cannot be resolved without increasing the economic dynamics. But this requires an economic policy able to facilitate predictability of Russian business operational environment, to protect it legally, to secure a system of partnership relations with the government and to respect the interests of the main participants in the state level decision-making process concerning business undertakings and investment climate.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

Financial and Economic Support of Innovation Processes in the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.

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