scholarly journals Paraspinal Muscle Activity Differences in Various Subtypes of Idiopathic Scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar Balne ◽  
S. Afshan Jabeen ◽  
Neeharika Mathukumalli
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Paraspinal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Alignment ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
General Sequence ◽  
Unit Function ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Specific Sequences

Background: Scoliosis refers to deviation of spinal alignment in three dimensional planes. In response to functional demands Muscle fibers change in motor unit function. Knowledge of difference in muscle fiber activity in functional situations allows us to plan curve specific effective physical therapy. Methodology: All study subjects were categorised based on Rigo Classification and assessed for para spinal muscle activity by Surface Electro Myography at cervical, thoracic, lumbar, concave- convex sides of apex and lumbar /lumbo sacral regions of spine in general sequence and curve specific sequence. Results: Total number of subjects were 25 (16 female and 9 male). Age ranging from 12 to 39 years and Risser from 1-5. Overall maximum amplitudes recorded in antigravity positions. Amplitudes of as low as (M±σ = mean± standard deviation) M±σ: 0.92±0.79µv to M± σ: 1411.6±734.9µv were found. Conclusion: Differences in right and left paraspinal activity was observed in general and specific sequences, but this difference was not consistent in general and specific sequence surface electro myography. Maximum amplitudes found at lumbar and lumbo sacral regions on antigravity positions than other positions. Convex side has more activity than concave sides at apex regions. Differences were not similar in all positions, this difference in left and right side was varying with curve type and type of movement. Results of paraspinal activity may be used for planning of suitable exercises after achieving best possible correction in sagittal and frontal planes. Key words: Paraspinal muscle activity differences, idiopathic scoliosis, deviation of spinal alignment.

The three-dimensional structure of frozen-hydrated left- and right-handed forms of bacterial flagellar filaments from an identical serotype

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
D. J. DeRosier
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Protein Species ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Bacterial Flagellum ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Rotary Motor ◽  
Helical Parameters

The bacterial cell is propelled through the liquid environment by means of one or more rotating flagella. The bacterial flagellum is composed of a basal body (rotary motor), hook (universal coupler), and filament (propellor). The filament is a rigid helical assembly of only one protein species — flagellin. The filament can adopt different morphologies and change, reversibly, its helical parameters (pitch and hand) as a function of mechanical stress and chemical changes (pH, ionic strength) in the environment.

scholarly journals Specific sagittal alignment patterns are already present in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom P. C. Schlösser ◽  
René M. Castelein ◽  
Pierre Grobost ◽  
Suken A. Shah ◽  
Kariman Abelin-Genevois
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sagittal Profile ◽  
Thoracolumbar Kyphosis ◽  
C7 Slope ◽  
Sagittal Malalignment

Abstract Purpose The complex three-dimensional spinal deformity in AIS consists of rotated, lordotic apical areas and neutral junctional zones that modify the spine’s sagittal profile. Recently, three specific patterns of thoracic sagittal ‘malalignment’ were described for severe AIS. The aim of this study is to define whether specific patterns of pathological sagittal alignment are already present in mild AIS. Methods Lateral spinal radiographs of 192 mild (10°–20°) and 253 severe (> 45°) AIS patients and 156 controls were derived from an international consortium. Kyphosis characteristics (T4–T12 thoracic kyphosis, T10–L2 angle, C7 slope, location of the apex of kyphosis and of the inflection point) and sagittal curve types according to Abelin-Genevois were systematically compared between the three cohorts. Results Even in mild thoracic AIS, already 49% of the curves presented sagittal malalignment, mostly thoracic hypokyphosis, whereas only 13% of the (thoraco) lumbar curves and 6% of the nonscoliosis adolescents were hypokyphotic. In severe AIS, 63% had a sagittal malalignment. Hypokyphosis + thoracolumbar kyphosis occurred more frequently in high-PI and primary lumbar curves, whereas cervicothoracic kyphosis occurred more in double thoracic curves. Conclusions Pathological sagittal patterns are often already present in curves 10°–20°, whereas those are rare in non-scoliotic adolescents. This suggests that sagittal ‘malalignment’ patterns are an integral part of the early pathogenesis of AIS.

scholarly journals Investigation of in vivo three‐dimensional changes of the spinal canal after corrective surgeries of the idiopathic scoliosis

JOR Spine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofan Han ◽  
Yong Hai ◽  
Chaochao Zhou ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
Runsheng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Changes

Analysis of Muscle Activity Using Surface Electromyography for Muscle Performance in Manual Lifting Task

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halim Isa ◽  
Rawaida ◽  
Seri Rahayu Kamat ◽  
A. Rohana ◽  
Adi Saptari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Twist Angle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Manual Lifting ◽  
Experienced Fatigue ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Lifting Task ◽  
Load Mass

In industries, manual lifting is commonly practiced even though mechanized material handling equipment are provided. Manual lifting is used to transport or move products and goods to a desired place.Improper lifting techniquescontribute to muscle fatigue and low back pain that can lead to work efficiency and low productivity.The objective of this study were to analyze muscle activity in the left and right Erector Spinae, and left and right Biceps Brachii of five female subjects while performing manual lifting taskwithdifferent load mass, lifting height and twist angle.The muscle activitywere measured and analyzed using surface electromyography (sEMG).This study found that the right Biceps Brachii, right and left Erector Spinae experienced fatigue while performingasymmetric lifting (twist angle = 90°) at lifting height of 75 cm and 140 cm with load mass of 5 kg and 10 kg. Meanwhile, the left Biceps Brachii experienced fatigue when the lifting task was set at lifting height of 75 cm, load mass of 5 kg and twist angle of 90°.The load mass and lifting height has a significant influence to Mean Power Frequency (MPF) for left Biceps Brachii, left and right Erector Spinae. This study concluded that reducing the load mass can increase the muscles performance which can extend the transition-to-fatigue stage in the left and right Biceps Brachii and Erector Spinae.

The Effect of Lifting vs. Lowering on Spinal Loading

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (13) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kermit G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Spinal Loading ◽  
Spinal Loads ◽  
Trunk Strength ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In industry, workers perform tasks requiring both lifting and lowering. During concentric lifting, the muscles are shortening as the force is being generated. Conversely, the muscle lengthens while generating force during eccentric lowering. While research on various lifting tasks is extensive, there has been limited research performed to evaluate the lowering tasks. Most of the research that does exist on lowering has investigated muscle activity and trunk strength. None of these studies have investigated spinal loading. The current study estimated the effects of lifting and lowering on spinal loads and predicted moments imposed on the spine. Ten subjects performed both eccentric and concentric lifts under sagittally symmetric conditions. The tasks were performed under isokinetic trunk velocities of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 deg/s while holding a box with weights of 9.1, 18.2, and 27.3 kg. Spinal loads and predicted moments in three dimensional space were estimated by an EMG-assisted model which has been adjusted to incorporate the artifacts of eccentric lifting. Eccentric strength was found to be 56 percent greater than during concentric lifting. The lowering tasks produced significantly higher compression forces but lower anterior-posterior shear forces than the concentric lifting tasks. The differences in the spinal loads between the two lifting tasks were attributed to the internal muscle forces and unequal moments resulting from differences in the lifting path of the box. Thus, the differences between the lifting tasks resulted from different lifting styles associated with eccentric and concentric movements

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