scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis with Decreased Vision in Immunocompromised Patients Treated with Valganciclovir: Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Erwin Hardiansyah ◽  
Paulus Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Meningeal Sign ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Oral Valganciclovir ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Almost all Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients develop CMV rapidly with manifestation in the central nervous system. Most CMV encephalitis is preceded by the presence of CMV in other places. Therefore, immediate therapy will be more effective and the delay in therapy can be detrimental. Case: A 40-year-old man with the major complaint of vision decrease in both eyes for 3 months claimed that he felt worse after 7 days, accompanied by headache and fever. This patient was diagnosed with HIV 2 years ago. The examination obtained GCS 456, negative meningeal sign, headache with NRS 7. The visual acuity of the right eye was negative light perception and in the left eye of vision 1/300. The patient experienced clinical improvement after oral Valganciclovir therapy with a dose of 2x450 mg. Conclusion: CMV encephalitis must be considered to diagnose earlier in HIV patients with complaints of decreased vision. With valganciclovir 2x450 mg tablets improve reduction of headache scale NRS from 7 to 2, increasing left eye vision from 1/300 to 6/60. Keywords: Encephalitis CMV, HIV, Valganciclovir.

scholarly journals The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Darwinian or Lamarckian?

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1410) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burr ◽  
J. M. Hyman ◽  
Gerald Myers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv 1

The subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV–1) group M exhibit a remarkable similarity in their between–subtype distances, which we refer to as high synchrony. The shape of the phylogenetic tree of these subtypes is referred to as a sunburst to distinguish it from a simple star phylogeny. Neither a sunburst pattern nor a comparable degree of symmetry is seen in a natural process such as in feline immunodeficiency virus evolution. We therefore have undertaken forward–process simulation studies employing coalescent theory to investigate whether such highly synchronized subtypes could be readily produced by natural Darwinian evolution. The forward model includes both classical (macro) and molecular (micro) epidemiological components. HIV–1 group M subtype synchrony is quantified using the standard deviation of the between–subtype distances and the average of the within–subtype distances. Highly synchronized subtypes and a sunburst phylogeny are not observed in our simulated data, leading to the conclusion that a quasi–Lamarckian, punctuated event occurred. The natural transfer theory for the origin of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cannot easily be reconciled with these findings and it is as if a recent non–Darwinian process took place coincident with the rise of AIDS in Africa.

Operation “Denver”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-80
Author(s):  
Douglas Selvage
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Soviet Leader ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
State Security ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
East German ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Abstract This second part of a two-part article moves ahead in showing how the East German Ministry for State Security (Stasi) came to play a key role in the disinformation campaign launched by the Soviet State Security Committee (KGB) in 1983 regarding the origins of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The KGB launched the campaign itself, but in the mid-1980s it sought to widen the effort by enlisting the cooperation of intelligence services in other Warsaw Pact countries, especially the Stasi. From the autumn of 1986 until November 1989, the Stasi played a central role in the disinformation campaign. Despite pressure from the U.S. government and a general inclination of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to curtail the campaign by the end of 1987, both the KGB and the USSR's official Novosti press agency continued until 1989 to spread false allegations that HIV was a U.S. biological weapon. Even after the KGB curtailed its disinformation in 1989, the Stasi continued to disseminate falsehoods, not least because it had successfully maintained plausible deniability regarding its role in the campaign. The Stasi worked behind the scenes to support the work of Soviet–East German scientists Jakob Segal and Lilli Segal and to facilitate dissemination of the Segals’ views in West Germany and Great Britain, especially through the leftwing media, and to purvey broader disinformation about HIV/AIDS by attacking U.S. biological and chemical weapons in general.

Lazarus and Group Psychotherapy: AIDS in the Era of Protease Inhibitors

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
George V. Gushue ◽  
Sarah J. Brazaitis
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
New Class ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

A new class of medications, protease inhibitors, has dramatically improved the health of many people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This development has had a major impact on the lives of those affected by HIV/AIDS. This article considers how a group is affected by the larger systems of which it is a part. The article examines changes in the content, process, and salient leadership tasks of an ongoing therapy group for people with HIV and AIDS before and following the initial introduction of new medical treatments. It also considers how the group process continues to be affected by the more recent failure of these medications for many patients. Implications for research, practice, and training are discussed.

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