Akurasi Nilai Tinggi Matahari Antara Perhitungan Daftar Ilmu Pelayaran (DIP)  Dan Sight Reduction Table (SRT)

Positioning with celestial bodies (celestial navigation) is the art of determining on the surface of the earth based on measurements of celestial bodies which have guided sailors for hundreds of years. Astronomical positioning methods or celestial body navigation are becoming increasingly obsolete and rarely used. The fact is that today, along with technological advances, seafarers prefer to use electronic navigation tools such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). The the International Convention on Standard of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) amended 2011, requires all officers on board responsible for navigation to be able to determine the height of celestial bodies, the Line of Position (LOP) and the position of the ship. In general, there are 2 methods of determining the navigation position of celestial bodies, namely by calculating the Sight Reduction Table. This research discusses the accuracy of determining the height of the solar count by comparing the accuracy of the 2 methods. The method used is descriptive comparative based on field research with a qualitative approach. The technique of collecting data was done by means of observation, documentation and literature study. The purpose of this research is to test the accuracy of each calculation method, namely the calculation of the Sailing List (DIP) and the Sight Reduction Table (SRT). The results obtained in this study are the high calculation accuracy calculation method of calculating shipping science lists is more accurate with testing which is further discussed in this study.

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Benchmarking GPS stations: an improved way to identify the GPS sensitivity

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-504 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Klos ◽

Jürgen Kusche ◽

Artur Lenczuk ◽

Grzegorz Leszczuk ◽

Janusz Bogusz

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Global Positioning System ◽

Spatial Density ◽

Earth System ◽

Global Networks ◽

The Earth ◽

Mass Redistribution ◽

Wide Range ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Temporal And Spatial

Global Positioning System (GPS) stations are affected by a plethora of real and system-related signals and errors that occur at various temporal and spatial resolutions. Geophysical changes related to mass redistribution within the Earth system, common mode components, instability of GPS monuments or thermal expansion of ground, all contribute to the GPS-derived displacement time series. Different spatial resolutions that real and system-related errors occur within are covered thanks to the global networks of GPS stations, characterized presently by an unprecedented spatial density. Various temporal resolutions are covered by displacement time series which span even 25 years now, as estimated for the very first stations established. However, since the GPS sensitivity remains unrecognized, retrieving one signal from this wide range of processes may be very uncertain. Up to now, a comparison between GPS-observed displacement time series and displacements predicted by a set of models, as e.g. environmental loading models, was used to demonstrate the accuracy of the model to predict the observed phenomena. Such a comparison is, however, dependent on the accuracy of models and also on the sensitivity of individual GPS stations. We present a new way to identify the GPS sensitivity, which is based on benchmarking of individual GPS stations using statistical clustering approaches. We focus on regional sets of GPS stations located in Europe, where technique-related signals cover real geophysical changes for many GPS permanent stations and those located in South America and Asia, where hydrological and atmospheric loadings dominate other effects. We prove that combining GPS stations into smaller sets improves our understanding of real and system-related signals and errors.

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Activities: The Mathematics of the Global Positioning System

Mathematics Teacher ◽

10.5951/mt.90.6.0455 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 455-460

Author(s):

Gail D. Nord ◽

David Jabon ◽

John Nord

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Global Positioning System ◽

Mathematical Theory ◽

Positioning System ◽

The Earth ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Second Year ◽

Teacher's Guide

Teacher's Guide: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of twenty-four satellites, orbiting approximately 20 200 km above sea level, that enable receivers to compute their position anywhere on the earth with remarkable accuracy. The mathematical theory and computation involved in the GPS are within the scope of the second-year-algebra curriculum. This activity illustrates an application of mathematics to modern navigation.

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The Operational Status of NAVSTAR/GPS

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463300043617 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 35-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edward M. Lassiter ◽

Bradford Parkinson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Global Positioning System ◽

Navigation System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Satellite System ◽

Positioning System ◽

Timing Information ◽

The Earth ◽

Global Positioning

The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that will provide extremely accurate three-dimensional position fixes and timing information to properly equipped users anywhere on or near the Earth. The system will be available continuously regardless of weather conditions and will find extensive utilization in improved weapons delivery accuracies, range instrumentation, &c. Furthermore it will provide an ultimate saving in the number and cost of navigation and position-fixing systems currently employed or projected. It is a Joint Service programme managed by the U.S.A.F. with deputies from the Navy, Army and Marines and the Defense Mapping Agency. The system concept evolved from U.S.A.F. and Navy studies initiated in the mid-1960s. Current programme plans call for the deployment of six satellites in 1977 to permit demonstration and evaluation tests over the continental United States. The system will then be expanded through the deployment of additional satellites into an operational 24-satellite system.

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Comparative study of accuracy of differential global positioning system (DGPS) and total station instruments

10.36265/arejoen.2021.010108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 49-58

Author(s):

Didigwu Augustus Ugonna Sunday ◽

Ogbe David .O

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Positioning System ◽

Total Station ◽

The Earth ◽

Optical Distance ◽

Reflected Light ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Similar Survey ◽

The Difference ◽

Land Using

Total Station and Global Positioning System (GPS) are two instruments used to fix position on the earth. The total station employs electro-optical distance meter method, emitting laser beams to a target and detecting light reflected off it by measuring the deviation of the wavelength of the reflected light. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite for rapid position determination, its’ receiver calculates its position by precisely turning the signal sent by GPS satellite high above the earth. The study aims at the assessment of the two instruments: GPS and Total Station. To achieve this aim, two surveys were performed on the same parcel of land using the two instruments. In the first part of the survey, a closed-loop traverse was performed around a chosen parcel of land using a calibrated total station. The station determined only coordinates of points from where bearings and distances were extracted. Thereafter, DGPS equipment was then used to perform a similar survey as the total station. In this case, visible satellites were used to determine the coordinates of all the stations. The results of the two methods present the distances, bearings, and coordinates. The difference between each of the results was also analyzed. Thus the maximum average difference in distance of 5mm occurred throughout the chainage and maximum differences in the coordinate of 12mm Easting and 9mm Northing were found where there are tree covers. However, the study shows that even though the two instruments are good tools for positioning, each exhibited it’s own accuracy, efficiency, advantages and disadvantage.

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The Application of Global Positioning System (GPS) in Mapping Survey of Historical and Archeological Site

Forum Geografi ◽

10.23917/forgeo.v16i1.412 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nurul Khakhim

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Control Point ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Positioning System ◽

Earth Surface ◽

Three Dimension ◽

The Earth ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Determination System ◽

Archeological Site

Technical development of Global Positioning System (GPS) is the positional determination system of ground control point in the earth surface, which based on satellite. It leads to the signiﬁcant influence on the methodological aspect of positional determination survey in the earth surface. Global Positioning System gives the three dimension position (X, K Z) or longitudinal, latitude and altitude which are formulated in the reference of World Geodetic System (WGS) in 1984. The data characteristic is the ﬁrst data, which is required in the survey of limit mapping of historical and archeological site. This article tries to explain the possibility of using the technology of Global Positioning System (GPS) to map the archeological site which contains of potential, ohstacle, methodology and case study in Boko Prambanan temple area. It is also utilized to the possibility of using the Geographical Information System (GIS) to analyze the spatial existence site of environmental condition.

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Penerapan Activity Based Costing System Dalam Menentukan Harga Pokok Jasa Pemasangan GPS pada PT SLI

Transekonomika: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan ◽

10.55047/transekonomika.v1i4.62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 365-375

Author(s):

Beta Nur Hidayah ◽

Nanik Kustiningsih

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Field Research ◽

Positioning System ◽

Activity Based Costing ◽

Library Research ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Costing System

Meningkatnya persaingan yang terjadi pada industri jasa Global Positioning System (GPS) mengharuskan PT SLI untuk membuat strategi baru dalam memenangkan persaingan yaitu dengan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dan menekan harga jual. Semakin rendah harga jual maka tingkat penjualan jasa akan semakin tinggi. Metode activity based costing system (ABC) dinilai sangat efektif dan akurat dalam menentukan harga pokok produksi karena pembebanan biayanya berdasarkan aktivitas dan perilaku aktivitas yang terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan harga pokok jasa yang dihitung menggunakan metode activity based costing system dengan metode akuntansi biaya tradisional yang diterapkan pada PT SLI. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif komparatif dengan objek PT SLI dan subjek semua paket gps yang ada di PT SLI yaitu W, E dan G. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder dengan dua teknik pengumpulan data yaitu penelitian lapangan (field research) dan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya selisih lebih rendah harga pokok jasa pemasangan gps yang dihitung dengan metode activity based costing system daripada metode yang diterapkan oleh PT SLI. PT SLI sebaiknya mempertimbangkan metode activity based costing system dalam menentukan harga pokok jasa untuk pengambilan keputusan dimasa yang akan datang

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Global Tracking Systems in the Australian Interstate Trucking Industry

Uberveillance and the Social Implications of Microchip Implants - Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4582-0.ch010 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 226-234

Author(s):

Jann Karp

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Global Positioning System ◽

Truck Drivers ◽

Trucking Industry ◽

Positioning System ◽

Tracking Systems ◽

Global Tracking ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Tracking Devices

Technology, trucking, and the surveillance of workers in the workplace: helpful or a hindrance? Technological advances are produced by the creative ideas individuals: these ideas then become selling items in their own right. Do tracking devices effectively regulate traffic breaches and criminality within the trucking industry? The data collection was conducted in the field while the authors rode as a passenger with truck drivers on long-haul trips. The complexities of tracking systems became more apparent as the authors listened to the men and placed their narratives in a broader context for a broader audience. The results of the work indicated that the Global Positioning System (GPS) has a role in the management of the industry as a logistics tool, but that there are limitations to the technology. The drivers use the devices and also feel the oppressive oversight when managers use the data as a disciplinary tool.

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Smart Wastage Monitoring System with Internet of Things Capability and Location Tracking

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.9069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 4318-4324

Author(s):

H. K. Yogish ◽

M. Niranjanamurthy ◽

K. L. Abhishek

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Mobile Communication ◽

Water Contamination ◽

Positioning System ◽

Location Tracking ◽

Global System ◽

Significant Challenge ◽

The Earth ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Current Reality

Major significant challenge looked by the current reality is the developing measure of wastage (garbage) produced each day. Because of urbanization, population explosion and ill-advised methods for waste gathering, waste is being created on an enormous size. Hazardous infections, decrease in the nature of style in the earth, air and water contamination are for the most part resultant issues of unattended wastage primarily because of carelessness in wastage assortment. Hence, there are various accessible advances which go for successful accumulation of waste. In this paper, IoT have been utilized to handle smart wastage bins which are used to gather wastage and avoid it from spilling over. Global Positioning System (GPS), Arduino UNO microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module chip and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) has incorporated into a framework to employ these wastage bins.

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TONGKAT ISTIWA‘, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) DAN GOOGLE EARTH UNTUK MENENTUKAN TITIK KOORDINAT BUMI DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM PENENTUAN ARAH KIBLAT

Al-Ahkam ◽

10.21580/ahkam.2016.26.1.808 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Anisah Budiwati

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Global Positioning System ◽

Google Earth ◽

Positioning System ◽

Spherical Trigonometry ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

The Earth ◽

Global Positioning

There are at least three ways to determine the position or the coordinates of a spot on the Earth's surface. They are: istiwa' sticks, Global Positioning System (GPS), and Google Earth. Istiwa' stick is used without technology operations, while GPS and Google Earth are used with technology. Until now, the use of GPS and Google Earth is still a passively consumptive, without their critical analytical effort. This qualitative research using descriptive analytic mathematical methods. The objective of this study is the to know the theory, applications, and accuracy of the istiwa' stick, GPS, and Google Earth comparatively. The study found that the istiwa' stick is one of the alternatives way to determine the coordinates of the Earth which uses the theory of spherical trigonometry calculations simply without assistance. Whereas GPS and Google Earth use principles of geodetic scientifically. In terms of applications, the most practical and accurate is GPS, and then followed by Google Earth, and the last is istiwa' stick. Setidaknya ada tiga cara untuk menentukan posisi atau titik koordinat suatu tempat di permukaan Bumi, yaitu tongkat istiwa’, Global Positioning System (GPS), dan Google Earth. Tongkat istiwa’ digunakan tanpa bantuan teknologi, sedangkan GPS dan Google Earth digunakan dengan teknologi. Sampai saat ini, penggunaan GPS maupun Google Earth masih bersifat konsumtif pasif, tanpa adanya upaya analitis kritis. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik matematis. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui teori, aplikasi, maupun akurasi tongkat istiwa’, GPS, dan Google Earth secara komparatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tongkat istiwa’ adalah salah satu alternatif penentuan titik koordinat Bumi yang menggunakan teori perhitungan spherical trigonometry secara sederhana tanpa bantuan, sedangkan GPS dan Google Earth menggunakan prinsip keilmuan geodesi yang lebih teliti. Dari segi aplikasi, yang paling praktis dan akurat adalah GPS. Kemudian disusul Google Earth, dan tongkat istiwa’.

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Algoritma Adaptif Sistem Downlink Menggunakan Recursive Least Square (RLS)

Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi ◽

10.28989/angkasa.v9i1.106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Agus Basukesti ◽

Bangga Dirgantara

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Least Square ◽

Positioning System ◽

Recursive Least Square ◽

Rls Algorithm ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The Earth ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Downlink System ◽

Simulation Results

GPS (Global Positioning System) is the popular system for navigation which assistance 32 satellites orbiting the earth. Currently, tracking positions using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the best positioning tracking methods. However, GPS has a lot o f noise, so filters are needed to handle with noise on GPS. In this research, the simulation is done to extract data from GPS sensors using RLS algorithm. From the results o f identification and simulation, it can be concluded that the algorithm works well and need to analyze the advantages and disadvantages to be implemented on the downlink system designed. From the simulation results obtained that error estimation is convergent that is the longer the smaller.

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