Chain Scission in the Oxidation of Hevea. II.

1956 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-592
Author(s):  
E. M. Bevilacqua
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Primary Oxidation

Abstract Oxidation of natural rubber in latex yields two molecules of carbon dioxide, one of formic acid and one of acetic acid for each rupture of the hydrocarbon chain. The yields of these products can be interpreted readily by reference to the structure of the primary oxidation products of 1,5-diolefins established by Bolland and Hughes.

THE KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF GASEOUS ACETALDEHYDE

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Hatcher ◽  
E. W. R. Steacie ◽  
Frances Howland
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Reaction Vessel ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Chain Mechanism ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the oxidation of gaseous acetaldehyde have been investigated from 60° to 120 °C. by observing the rate of pressure decrease in a system at constant volume. A considerable induction period exists, during which the main products of the reaction are carbon dioxide, water, and formic acid. The main reaction in the subsequent stages involves the formation of peroxides and their oxidation products. The heat of activation of the reaction is 8700 calories per gram molecule. The indications are that the reactions occurring during the induction period are heterogeneous. The subsequent reaction occurs by a chain mechanism. The chains are initiated at the walls of the reaction vessel, and are also largely broken at the walls.

Glucose Metabolism of Bacteria from Commercial Fish

1942 ◽  
Vol 6a (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Sigurdsson ◽  
A. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fermentation System ◽  
Resting Cell ◽  
Optimum Ph

The products of fermentation of glucose by "resting cell" suspensions of certain bacteria (Serratia, Achromobacter, and Micrococcus) isolated from decomposing cod muscle include lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide and small amounts of acetylmethylcarbinol. With increased acidity in the fermentation system there is a marked increase in the percentage of lactic acid formed, with a corresponding decrease in the other products. The optimum pH for the fermentation of glucose appears to be in the vicinity of 6.8—that is at, or near, the pH of fresh cod muscle.

Mechanical and Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites with Caryota Fibre Incorporated in Dry Stage and Latex Stage

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajeev John ◽  
Rani Joseph ◽  
Jeoju M. Issac
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Novel Method

In conventional method of coagulation acetic acid or formic acid is used. A novel method is reported in which yeast is used for the coagulation. Short Caryota fibres of 10mm size were used for making composites of natural rubber (NR) and samples were prepared by two methods. In the first method fibres were added at the dry stage while compounding and in the second method fibres were added directly to the latex and cure characteristics and mechanical properties were studied. Tensile modulus@300% elongation, tear strength and abrasion resistance were found to be better in latex stage processing.

THE MECHANISM OF THE PHOTOOXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1671-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack G. Calvert ◽  
Philip L. Hanst
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid

The initial rates of product formation in the photooxidation of acetaldehyde at room temperature have been determined through the use of infrared spectrometry. The rates of formation of the products peroxyacetic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methanol, formic acid, and acetic acid were determined in experiments with various pressures of acetaldehyde, oxygen, and added gases. The amounts of methylhydroperoxide and acetylperoxide formed in all of the experiments were below the detection limit of the analytical methods. The results require that some modification and corrections be made to the mechanism suggested by McDowell and Sharples.

scholarly journals The enzymes of B. Coli communis which are concerned in the decomposition of glucose and mannitol. Part IV. —The fermentation of glucose in the presence of formic acid

1920 ◽  
Vol 91 (640) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Glucose Molecule

In this series of communications the writer is endeavouring to show how, by varying the conditions of the experiment, it is possible to alter the proportion between the products which arise from the fermentation of glucoseand allied substances, and to point out how, by a consideration of the manner in which these products group themselves, conclusions may be drawn as to the order in which such products arise during the degradation of the glucose molecule. Substances which can be shown to arise in constant proportions under varying conditions of experiment may be considered as being produced by one and the same enzyme. In Parts II and III it was shown that the formation of lactic acid by B . coli communis ran a separate course to that of the other products, so that it may be regarded as being produced by a separate enzyme, but the other products of the fermentation, viz., succinic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, and alcohol, together with the gaseous products of the decomposition of formic acid, i. e ., carbon dioxide and hydrogen, all appeared to be grouped together and to form an alternative course for the decomposition of the glucose.

THE ISOLATION OF SASSAFRAS LIGNIN

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (6) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bond ◽  
Irvine G. Goddard ◽  
George F Wright
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Alkaline Permanganate

Since the sassafras tree yields oils which are rich in safrole, it might be expected that the lignin from the wood would contain the piperonyl nucleus. This lignin was extracted from the wood with hot acetic acid and was found to resemble lignins from other deciduous woods in methoxyl content and solubility. It did contain much combined carbohydrate which seemed to be pectic in nature, since it was removed by boiling formic acid with evolution of carbon dioxide and formation of furfural. No piperonylic acid could be isolated from these lignin fractions by alkaline permanganate or hydrogen peroxide oxidations. Sassafras ligninsulphonic acid was prepared and then distilled with alkali but no piperonal was found in the distillate. According to these criteria, sassafras lignin contains none of the methylenedioxy linkage characteristic of the piperonyl nucleus.

THE FERMENTATION OF L-ERYTHRULOSE BY AEROBACTER AEROGENES

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Tattrie ◽  
A. C. Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Aerobacter Aerogenes

L-Erythrulose was dissimulated anaerobically by Aerobacter aerogenes PRL R4 producing acetic acid, formic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, ethanol, erythritol, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and traces of acetone and 2,3-butanediol. D-Erythrose and D-threose were also dissimilated to form the same products. Resting cells metabolized the tetroses, whereas cell-free preparations were inactive. Phosphorylation of the tetroses was not found with cell-free preparations.

Catalytic Oxidation of Isobutene on a Polycomponent Catalyst

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2867-2874
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Machek ◽  
Josef Tichý ◽  
Jiří Švachula
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Industrial Preparation ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation

The catalytic gas-phase oxidation of isobutene has been studied on polycomponent Mo-Co-Ni-Bi-Fe-K oxide catalyst suitable for industrial preparation of propenal from propene. It has been found that within the temperature interval 290 - 350 °C the main oxidation products are 2-methylpropenal, acetone, 2-methylpropenoic acid, acetic acid and carbon dioxide. A modification of the mentioned catalyst by addition of a further component (W, P, Te, and Zn) showed that zinc increases the conversion of isobutene and at the same time markedly increases its selectivity for 2-methylpropenal, whereas the additions of tungsten and phosphorus decrease the conversion of isobutene with simultaneous increase of selectivity for CO2. If tert-butyl alcohol is used as the starting material instead of isobutene, then the extent of reaction is slightly decreased with simultaneous increase of selectivity for 2-methylpropenal, whereas the selectivities for the acids remain almost unchanged.

Photochemical and Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by a Polyoxometalate-Organic Photosensitizer Complex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Dey ◽  
Ronny Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Open Face

<p>A manganese substituted Anderson type polyoxometalate, [MnMo<sub>6</sub>O<sub>24</sub>]<sup>9-</sup>, tethered with an anthracene photosensitizer was prepared and used as catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. The polyoxometalate-photosensitizer hybrid complex, obtained by covalent attachment of the sensitizer to only one face of the planar polyoxometalate, was characterized by NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show a catalytic response for the reduction of carbon dioxide, thereby suggesting catalysis at the manganese site on the open face of the polyoxometalate. Controlled potentiometric electrolysis showed the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO with a TOF of ~15 sec<sup>-1</sup>. Further photochemical reactions showed that the polyoxometalate-anthracene hybrid complex was active for the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to yield formic acid and/or CO in varying amounts dependent on the reducing agent used. Control experiments showed that the attachment of the photosensitizer to [MnMo<sub>6</sub>O<sub>24</sub>]<sup>9-</sup> is necessary for photocatalysis.</p><div><br></div>

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