scholarly journals ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION OF RECYCLED RUBBER FROM END-OF-LIFE TIRES

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-703
Author(s):  
J. L. Valentín ◽  
R. Pérez-Aparicio ◽  
A. Fernandez-Torres ◽  
P. Posadas ◽  
R. Herrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Double Quantum ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Recycled Rubber

ABSTRACT There are currently many well-established applications for recycled rubber from end-of-life tires (ELT), but it is essential to investigate and seek new approaches to enhance the value of these products. Recent developments in new technologies and innovative recycling and devulcanization processes have opened up new perspectives for ELT crumb rubber. To promote the use of these products in newly added value applications, it is essential to develop and optimize methods that allow the characterization of parameters related to the ultimate properties of potential final applications. In this respect, a novel characterization methodology based on advanced 1H double-quantum (DQ) nuclear magnetic resonance experiments has been applied for the first time to quantify the key parameters that characterize the structure of ELT crumb rubber after diverse recycling processes: from simple mechanical grinding to complex devulcanization methods. This experimental approach enables the quantification of parameters that define the network structure of rubber, such as the nonelastic network defects (sol fraction, dangling chain ends, loops), the cross-link density, and the heterogeneity of the network, directly from rubber granulate and powder (without any additional sample preparation steps), overcoming most of the drawbacks and uncertainties that limit the application of traditional rubber characterization methods (e.g., equilibrium swelling experiments). By applying this experimental approach, it is possible to identify and quantify the actual technical limits for a complete selective devulcanization process of ELT crumb rubber.

scholarly journals A microfluidic approach for synthesis and kinetic profiling of branched gold nanostructure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Cai ◽  
Valentina Castagnola ◽  
Luca Boselli ◽  
Alirio Moura ◽  
Hender Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Gold Nanostructure

Automatized approaches for nanoparticle synthesis and characterization represent a great asset to their applicability in the biomedical field by improving reproducibility and standardization, which help to meet the selection criteria of regulatory authorities. The scaled-up production of nanoparticles with carefully defined characteristics, including intrinsic morphological features, minimal intra-batch, batch-to-batch, and operator variability, is an urgent requirement to elevate nanotechnology towards more trustable biological and technological applications. In this work, microfluidic approaches were employed to achieve fast mixing and good reproducibility in synthesizing a variety of gold nanostructures. The microfluidic setup allowed exploiting spatial resolution to investigate the growth evolution of the complex nanoarchitectures. By physically isolating intermediate reaction fractions, we performed an advanced characterization of the shape properties during their growth, not possible with routine characterization methods. Employing an in-house developed method to assign a specific identity to shapes, we followed the particle growth/deformation process and identified key reaction parameters for more precise control of the generated morphologies. Besides, this investigation led to the optimization of a one-pot multi-size and multi-shape synthesis of a variety of gold nanoparticles. In summary, we describe an optimized platform for highly controlled synthesis and a novel approach for the mechanistic study of shape-evolving nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Characterization of crumb rubber from end-of-life tyres for paving applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Zanetti ◽  
S. Fiore ◽  
B. Ruffino ◽  
E. Santagata ◽  
D. Dalmazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Crumb Rubber

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of representative samples of recycled rubber from end-of-life tires

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 1320-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Re Depaolini ◽  
Giancarlo Bianchi ◽  
Daniele Fornai ◽  
Angela Cardelli ◽  
Marco Badalassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Recycled Rubber ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Representative Samples

Advanced characterization of Perovskite systems: Understanding and improving the performance and stability of photovoltaic devices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Dally ◽  
Noella Lemaitre ◽  
Stéphanie Pouget ◽  
Stéphane Cros ◽  
Serge Gambarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices

Physical - Chemical Issues of Cephalosporin Intercalated Nanoparticles for Life - Threatening Infections Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Lucian Eva ◽  
Letitia Doina Duceac ◽  
Liviu Stafie ◽  
Constantin Marcu ◽  
Geta Mitrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

The fourth generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent, cefepime, was loaded into layered double hydroxides for enhancing antibiotic efficiency, reducing side effects, as well as achieving the sustained release property. The intercalation of antibiotic into the inter-gallery of ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was carried out using ion exchange method, by this constituting a nano-sized organic-inorganic hybrid material for a controlled release novel formulation. Although cefepime is a broad spectrum antibiotic, it has various adverse effects and a significant degradation rate. Thus, the preparation and physico-chemical characterization of nanomaterials able to intercalate this drug is an important study for medical and pharmaceutical field. The antibiotic inclusion into LDHs nanostructure was confirmed by advanced characterization techniques and the release profile of cefepime was analysed with the respect to pH of the simulated media.

scholarly journals Added value of diffusion-weighted MRI in assessment of pleural lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssriah Yahia Sabri ◽  
Ikram Hamed Mahmoud ◽  
Lamis Tarek El-Gendy ◽  
Mohamed Raafat Abd El-Mageed ◽  
Sally Fouad Tadros
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Pleural Diseases ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Abstract Background There are many causes of pleural disease including variable benign and malignant etiologies. DWI is a non-enhanced functional MRI technique that allows qualitative and quantitative characterization of tissues based on their water molecules diffusivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of DWI-MRI in detection and characterization of pleural diseases and its capability in differentiating benign from malignant pleural lesions. Results Conventional MRI was able to discriminate benign from malignant lesions by using morphological features (contour and thickness) with sensitivity 89.29%, specificity 76%, positive predictive value 89%, negative predictive value 76.92%, and accuracy 85.37%. ADC value as a quantitative parameter of DWI found that ADC values of malignant pleural diseases were significantly lower than that of benign lesions (P < 0.001). Hence, we discovered that using ADC mean value of 1.68 × 10-3 mm2/s as a cutoff value can differentiate malignant from benign pleural diseases with sensitivity 89.3%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 81.2%, and accuracy 92.68% (P < 0.001). Conclusion Although DWI-MRI is unable to differentiate between malignant and benign pleural effusion, its combined morphological and functional information provide valid non-invasive method to accurately characterize pleural soft tissue diseases differentiating benign from malignant lesions with higher specificity and accuracy than conventional MRI.

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