THE EFFECT OF Agrobacterium tumefaciens STRAINS ON CALLUS INDUCED FROM THE SHOOT TIPS OF GINGER (Zingiber Officinale var. Roscoe) IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOME MEDICINAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS ESTIMATED BY RP-HPLC
Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) is a medicinal plant well known for its pharmacological properties. This research aimed to study the effect of different concentrations of Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria on callus induced from the shoot tips of ginger in the production of some active medicinal compounds. Callus was induced from the cultivation of half-buds in MS with 2,4-D at a concentration of 1 mg/L with BA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L + 500 mg/L PVP. It was the best medium for induced callus. A total of 100 mg of developing callus was taken, and, after cultivation on the same medium, at two weeks of age, the callus was treated with two strains of Agrobacterium LBA4404 and C58 and three concentrations of 101, 103, and 105 bacteria/mL each trial. The analysis of RP-HPLC showed that when treated with LBA4404 strain, which was at the concentration of 105 bacteria/mL, the highest increase in the amount of Zingerone reached 0.278 mg/g, followed by a concentration of 101 bacteria/mL and which gave the highest concentration of Zingerone, 6-gingerol, and 6-Shogaol which were 0.199, 0.099 and 0.069 mg/g respectively. As for the C58 strain, the treatment recorded 101 bacteria /mL, the highest concentration of Zingerone 0.240 mg/g, followed by a concentration of 103 bacteria /mL, which was significantly superior in giving the highest concentration of 6-gingerol and 6-Shogaol, which reached 0.053 and 0.027 mg/g respectively. From the results of the experiment, it can be considered that the active medical compounds produced by the induced callus tissue in vitro can increase when exposed to biological stimuli, as the medicinally active compounds can be separated, purified and used in a pure form as they are a natural source for drug preparation.