MEASURES FOR PRESERVING THE WELL – BEING OF LIVESTOCK FROM TUBERCULOSIS OWNED BY PERSONAL AUXILIARY AND PEASANT FARMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Booster Effect

About 80% of cattle are in private hands, mostly 3-4, some have more than ten heads. Individual’s farms are not constantly monitored, and if one is clean, most do not pay attention to cleanliness. When animals were tested for TB, it was found that some of the animals are not vaccinated. When the positive ones are slaughtered, if there are no foci of tuberculosis, there is a dispute and the case goes to court. Due to the fact that main source of income for individuals in village is livestock, we tested 1536 cattle in some settlements of Aktobe, Almaty and Zhambyl oblasts against “Pertussis” after 24 hours (96 hours). Then some of the animals' tumors go down or go away (for 3-4 mm). At slaughter there are no changes characteristic of tuberculosis, and sometimes there are tissues infected with pus. Outbreaks of tuberculosis were found in cattle with tumors greater than 5 mm, and 78.7-95.8% of bulls were found to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, in addition to the special instructions for cattle with a skin tumor of 3-4 mm, under the lashes after 4-7 days, in some villages after 14 days by the method of "booster effect", or after 30 days diluted (1: 2, 5000 TB) tuberculin The sowing test was carried out. If an eyelash tumor grows in size of 4 (++++) crosses or 3 (+++) crosses compared to the grafted eyelashes, and if a skin tumor is 5 mm higher in two allergy tests, they are sent to the slaughter in isolation. It has been proven that such additional methods can differentiate the TB reaction from falsehoods and prevent unwarranted slaughter of many healthy animals. Individual barns were cleaned and disinfected after each test.

scholarly journals Novel Assay Platform to Evaluate Intracellular Killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kata Horváti ◽  
Kinga Fodor ◽  
Bernadett Pályi ◽  
Judit Henczkó ◽  
Gyula Balka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intracellular Killing ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Intracellular Form

One of the main hallmarks of tuberculosis (TB) is the ability of the causative agent to transform into a stage of dormancy and the capability of long persistence in the host phagocytes. It is believed that approximately one-third of the population of the world is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and 5%–10% of these individuals can develop clinical manifestations of active TB even decades after the initial infection. In this latent, intracellular form, the bacillus is shielded by an extremely robust cell wall and becomes phenotypically resistant to most antituberculars. Therefore, there is a clear rationale to develop novel compounds or carrier-conjugated constructs of existing drugs that are effective against the intracellular form of the bacilli. In this paper, we describe an experimental road map to define optimal candidates against intracellular Mtb and potential compounds effective in the therapy of latent TB. To validate our approach, isoniazid, a first-line antitubercular drug was employed, which is active against extracellular Mtb in the submicromolar range, but ineffective against the intracellular form of the bacteria. Cationic peptide conjugates of isoniazid were synthesized and employed to study the host-directed drug delivery. To measure the intracellular killing activity of the compounds, Mtb-infected MonoMac-6 human monocytic cells were utilized. We have assessed the antitubercular activity, cytotoxicity, membrane interactions in combination with internalization efficacy, localization, and penetration ability on interface and tissue-mimicking 3D models. Based on these in vitro data, most active compounds were further evaluated in vivo in a murine model of TB. Intraperitoneal infectious route was employed to induce a course of slowly progressive and systemic disease. The well-being of the animals, monitored by the body weight, allows a prolonged experimental setup and provides a great opportunity to test the long-term activity of the drug candidates. Having shown the great potency of this simple and suitable experimental design for antimicrobial research, the proposed novel assay platform could be used in the future to develop further innovative and highly effective antituberculars.

scholarly journals Everolimus-induced effector mechanism in macrophages and survivability of Erdman, CDC1551 and HN878 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Ruoqiong Cao ◽  
Kimberly To ◽  
Nala Kachour ◽  
Abrianna Beever ◽  
James Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Disease Reactivation ◽  
Foamy Macrophages ◽  
Effective Drugs

Abstract With a disease as widespread and destructive as tuberculosis, more effective drugs and healthcare strategies, in addition to the current antibiotics regimen, are crucial for the enhanced well-being of millions of people suffering from the disease. Host-directed therapy is a new and emerging concept in treating chronic infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. Repurposing of anti-cancer drugs, such as everolimus, may be an effective way to supplement the standard antibiotic treatment. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are increasingly susceptible to co-morbidities and co-infections including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. We demonstrated in this study that in vitro everolimus treatment of granulomas from individuals with type 2 diabetes caused significant reduction in the viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further investigations revealed the effects of everolimus in targeting foamy macrophages, a macrophage phenotype that forms around granulomas, and is characterized by a higher lipid accumulation inside the cells. These foamy macrophages are thought to harbor dormant bacilli, which are potential sources of disease reactivation. Therefore, blocking foamy macrophage formation would help better killing of intracellular bacteria. Here, we report the potential of everolimus treatment to downregulate lipid content within the foamy macrophages of in vitro granulomas, thus leading to a potential decrease in the number of foamy macrophages and a more robust response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

Inclusion of Transgender Voice and Communication Training in a University Clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Oates ◽  
Georgia Dacakis
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Negative Impacts

Because of the increasing number of transgender people requesting speech-language pathology services, because having gender-incongruent voice and communication has major negative impacts on an individual's social participation and well-being, and because voice and communication training is supported by an improving evidence-base, it is becoming more common for universities to include transgender-specific theoretical and clinical components in their speech-language pathology programs. This paper describes the theoretical and clinical education provided to speech-language pathology students at La Trobe University in Australia, with a particular focus on the voice and communication training program offered by the La Trobe Communication Clinic. Further research is required to determine the outcomes of the clinic's training program in terms of student confidence and competence as well as the effectiveness of training for transgender clients.

Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Moving From Volume-Driven to Infant-Driven Feeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Current research on feeding outcomes after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suggests a need to critically look at the early underpinnings of persistent feeding problems in extremely preterm infants. Concepts of dynamic systems theory and sensitive care-giving are used to describe the specialized needs of this fragile population related to the emergence of safe and successful feeding and swallowing. Focusing on the infant as a co-regulatory partner and embracing a framework of an infant-driven, versus volume-driven, feeding approach are highlighted as best supporting the preterm infant's developmental strivings and long-term well-being.

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