EVALUATION OF TOXIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MONTHMORRILLONITE CLAY FOR THE PURPOSE OF USING THEM AS ALUMOSILICATE SOBENT AGAINST THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF MYCOTOXINS ON THE BODY OF ANIMALS AND BIRDS

The article presents the results of laboratory studies to assess the toxicological parameters of montmorillonite clay from the Pogadaevskoye deposit in the West Kazakhstan region in order to use them as an aluminosilicate sorbent in the composition of feeds that reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on the body of animals and birds. The relevance of research is associated with the cultivation of healthy and highly productive animals and poultry in order to ensure the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The studies carried out to assess the toxicological parameters of montmorillonite clay in order to use them as an aluminosilicate sorbent in experimental animals (rabbits and white rats) allowed the following results to be obtained: Visual study of the intensity of erythema when exposed to the test substance on the skin of rabbits showed their absence (0 points). The study of the intensity of edema (an increase in the thickness of the skin clutch of rabbits) when exposed to the test substance on the skin of rabbits showed no reaction (0 points). Studies evaluating the irritating effect of the test substances on the mucous membranes of the eyes of rabbits by symptoms of damage showed the absence of hyperemia (0 points). Weak eyelid edema (1 point), the minimum amount of discharge in the corner of the eye (1 point). The results of studies on the classification assessment of the test substance for the severity of the irritant effect on the eyes of rabbits showed that the average total score of the severity of the irritative effect corresponds to 1 point. A comprehensive analysis of the results obtained on the basis of scientific and experimental studies to assess the toxicological indicators of montmorillonite clay from the Pogadaevskoye deposit in relation to irritating effects on the skin and mucous membranes of experimental animals (rabbits) showed their harmlessness.

THE AMOUNT OF PIGMENTATION DEPENDING ON THE GENETICS OF THE BLACK KARAKUL

The article studies the effect of the pigmentation saturation of black karakul sheep on their heredity. The saturation of pigmentation in wool was studied in 20 rams of different origins. Among black rams obtained from one pair, the share of highly pigmented rams was 75.0%, the share of individuals with normal pigmentation was 25.0%. Among the rams obtained from brown and blue sheep, there were no individuals with very high pigmentation, and the proportion of individuals with normal pigmentation saturation was 50.0%. The study showed that the level of pigmentation in the coat of offspring depends on their origin. A high individual weight of 71.5 kg was confirmed in rams obtained from one pair. The smallest live weights of 64.8 kg and 68.4 kg were observed in individuals from colored rams. The inheritance of color and saturation of pigmentation was established in the offspring of black rams of different genotypes. Color inheritance has been studied in the offspring of black rams of different genotypes. When mating homozygous black rams with black queens, 100% of black lambs were obtained. When black rams obtained from brown sheep were mated with brown queens, 95.35% black and 4.65% brown offspring were obtained in the offspring. When mating black rams obtained from blue sheep with blue queens, 50.59% and 49.41% of offspring were obtained. In general, among lambs they are more often found with normal pigmentation, their share was 48.8-53.3%, and the share of lambs with low pigmentation saturation was 8.9-21.9%. The proportion of lambs with high pigmentation saturation -37.8% was observed in black animals from black rams. The lowest proportion of highly pigmented lambs, -30.2%, was obtained from black queens from blue sheep. At the same time, the lowest proportion of poorly saturated lambs - 8.9%, was obtained in black queens from black sheep, and the highest proportion of such lambs - 21.9%, in black queens from brown sheep.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SIMMENTAL BULLS DEPENDING ON PROGENY

In dairy cattle breeding, selection and breeding work is widely used in order to transfer the pedigree qualities of parents to the offspring and obtain highly productive young animals. In this regard, in the conditions of «Enbek» LLP in the Akmola region, the growth and development of young Simmental breed depending on the origin was studied. Live weight of Litera line young animals at birth was 33.4 kg, at the age of 6 months-174.9, 12 months-251.8, 18 months-387.1 kg, respectively, Wildfang bull 32.0 kg, 165.5 kg, 251.3 kg, 378.6 kg. The average daily gain between the ages of birth and 6 months was increased. With age, the body parameters, height at the withers, increased from 104.3 cm and 103.5 cm to 125.4 cm and 123.9 cm, respectively, from 6 months to 18 months of young animals. According to the physique indices, we can say that the young Simmental breed is balanced. Only some deviations of the leggy index are observed from the optimal indicators. The index of legginess decreases with age by 7.7%, with indicators of 6 months – by 57%, at the age of 18 months-by 49.3%. The extension index for the period from 6 to 18 months increased by 10.5%, respectively, for 6 months-by 103.3%, for 18 months-by 113.8%. With age and an increase in live weight, the body of young animals lengthens, its width increases, the animal becomes deeper and relatively long-legged. Depending on the origin, we suggest using the Litera bull line, taking into account the growth and development of young animals, and the productivity indicators of bulls.

EMBRYO PERFORMANCE OF SIMMENTAL DONOR COWS AND RESULTS OF EMBRYO MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION

This article discusses the importance of embryo transplantation for cattle and obtaining an embryo by creating a superovulation for Simmental cattle, evaluating embryos by morphological parameters and determining their suitability for transplantation, as well as methods for extracting, evaluating the quality and transplantation of embryos. According to the results of insemination, 113 embryos were obtained from 9 donors. Of these, 76.7 % are suitable, the remaining 23.3 % are not suitable for transplantation, and an average of 12.5 embryos can be obtained from a single cow. From 6 donors, 71 embryos were obtained by insemination with bisexual sperm, 65 embryos are suitable, 6 embryos are not suitable for transplantation, in the middle 11.8 embryos from a cow. From 3 donors, 42 embryos were obtained by insemination with sexed seed, 26 suitable, 16 unsuitable for transplantation, and an average of 14 embryos from a cow

QUALITY INDICATORS AND VETERINARY ANALYSIS OF CATFISH MEAT WHEN USING THE FOOD ADDITIVE «RIZOSTIM»

The article presents research data on the chemical composition and content of toxic elements in the meat of fish grown in the pools of «ASYL TAS ENGINEERING» LLP, Almaty region, when using «Risostim» feed additive. Researches with comparison of the samples taken from fish - catfish at use of a food additive «Risostim» and a carp in a comparative aspect were carried out. In the course of the study it was found that the fat and moisture content of catfish meat was higher, while the protein and ash content was lower. It was also found that the amount of toxic elements did not exceed the maximum allowable level. It follows from this that catfish meat grown in pools of «ASYL TAS ENGINEERING» LLP of Almaty region, when using feed additives «Risostim» is a benign and safe food product.