Synthesis of Mono-Carbonyl Analogues of Curcumin Assisted by Microwave Irradiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 4591-4594
Author(s):  
Bambang Wijianto ◽  
Cikra I. N. H. Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Microwave Synthesis ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Electron Withdrawing Group ◽  
Hydroxy Groups

Mono-carbonyl compounds of curcumin, especially those containing hydroxy groups at the para position in the aromatic ring flanked by an electron withdrawing group (EWG) like chlorine, are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity. This study aims to synthesize mono-carbonyl compounds of curcumin with assisted microwave synthesis and determine its toxicity. The acute toxicity assay carried out on zebrafish larvae. The results showed that the synthesis of mono-carbonyl compounds of curcumin with assisted microwave synthesis gave clean products, faster reaction rates, more product yields, economical, and environmentally friendly. The optimal synthesis results obtained at 160Watt microwave radiation energy for 10 minutes. The acute toxicity assay of HGV-6, PGV-6, and GVT-6 compounds showed low toxicity to zebrafish larvae.

Comparative Acute Toxicity of Shale and Petroleum Derived Distillates

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Clark ◽  
Paul W. Ferguson ◽  
Mark A. Katchen ◽  
Michael W. Dennis ◽  
Douglas K. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Distillate Fractions ◽  
Comparative Acute Toxicity

In anticipation of the commercialization of its shale oil retorting and upgrading process, Unocal Corp. conducted a testing program aimed at better defining potential health impacts of a shale industry. Acute toxicity studies using rats and rabbits compared the effects of naphtha, Jet-A, JP-4, diesel and “residual” distillate fractions of both petroleum derived crude oils and hydrotreated shale oil. No differences in the acute oral (> 5 g/kg LD50) and dermal (> 2 g/kg LD50) toxicities were noted between the shale and petroleum derived distillates and none of the samples were more than mildly irritating to the eyes. Shale and petroleum products caused similar degrees of mild to moderate skin irritation. None of the materials produced sensitization reactions. The LC50 after acute inhalation exposure to Jet-A, shale naphtha, (> 5 mg/L) and JP-4 distillate fractions of petroleum and shale oils was greater than 5 mg/L. The LC50 of petroleum naphtha (> 4.8 mg/L) and raw shale oil (> 3.95 mg/L) also indicated low toxicity. Results demonstrate that shale oil products are of low acute toxicity, mild to moderately irritating and similar to their petroleum counterparts. The results further demonstrate that hydrotreatment reduces the irritancy of raw shale oil.

Proteomics analysis of zebrafish larvae exposed to 3,4‐dichloroaniline using the fish embryo acute toxicity test

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 849-860
Author(s):  
Leonardo R. Vieira ◽  
Denise C. Hissa ◽  
Terezinha Maria Souza ◽  
Chayenne A. Sá ◽  
Joseph A. M. Evaristo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae

Investigation on the stress response of microbes in acute toxicity assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 1099 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Jingting He ◽  
Shaojun Dong
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay

A larval medaka (Oryzias latipes) acute toxicity assay combined with solid-phase extraction to efficiently determine the toxicity of organic contaminants in river water

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Liu ◽  
T. Kameya ◽  
Y. Sugimura ◽  
A. Sawai ◽  
T. Shigeoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
River Water ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Lower Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Level

Using a larval medaka (Oryzias latipes) acute toxicity assay combined with solid-phase extraction, we proposed a method for efficiently determining the fish toxicity of organic contaminants in river water. Organic toxicants were 10, 20, 50 and 100-fold concentrated from 4 L of the sample with adsorption cartridges. The lethal effect was observed by exposing every ten individuals of 48–72 h old larval medaka to 20 mL of each solution for 48 h. The median lethal concentration rate (LCR50) was used as an indicator for the toxicity. With the developed toxicity test method, more than seven times difference was found in the LCR50 of the river water samples. LCR50 distribution profiles were compared with 125 samples in two typical rivers. The result revealed a lower toxicity level in the mainstream than in the confluences, and a lower toxicity level in Sagami River than in Ayase River. LCR50 proved unique as a toxicity indicator, which was impossible to speculate from the conventional water quality indicator of the dissolved organic carbon concentration. As an effective screening test for priority settings, the method can help us with an efficient planning for the environmental investigation and management.

A Human Cell Beryllium Acute Toxicity Assay

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Clarke ◽  
C.W. Barrick
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Toxicity Assay

scholarly journals TOXICIDADE AGUDA DE HERBICIDAS E INSETICIDA UTILIZADOS NA CULTURA DO ARROZ IRRIGADO SOBRE JUVENIS DE CARPA ( Cyprinus carpio)

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARRID RESGALLA JUNIOR ◽  
JOSÉ ALBERTO NOLDIN ◽  
ANDRÉ LIMA DOS SANTOS ◽  
GOSUKE SATO ◽  
DOMINGOS SÁVIO EBERHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Social Importance

A cultura do arroz irrigado apresenta grande importância econômica e social nos Estados de Santa Catarina e no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) e destaca-se também pelo uso intenso de agroquímicos, especialmente herbicidas e inseticidas. Experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório para avaliar a toxicidade aguda de alguns agroquímicos utilizados em arroz irrigado, visando estabelecer as concentrações de risco bem como os possíveis efeitos que tais produtos possam apresentar sobre organismos não alvo. A espécie empregada como indicadora foi a carpa-comum em função da sua utilização em consórcios de arroz com peixe. Foram testados individualmente os herbicidas Ally (Metsulfuron), Gamit (Clomazone), Goal (Oxifluorfen), Ronstar (Oxadiazon) e Sirius (Pirazosulfuron) e o inseticida Furadan (Carbofuran). Os resultados indicaram grande variação entre os produtos quanto à toxicidade para a espécie testada. O índice de segurança, estimado pela relação entre a CL50 e a concentração provável utilizada na lavoura, foi de 0,82; 2,76; 5,93; 8,87; 13,94; 4.000 e 7.878, respectivamente para os agroquímicos Furadan, Ronstar, Goal, Facet, Gamit, Sirius e Ally. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho evidenciam que os produtos Furadan, Ronstar, Goal, Facet e Gamit apresentam maiores riscos ambientais e cuidados devem ser adotados após a aplicação no sentido de evitar o deslocamento dos mesmos para fora das lavouras. Os herbicidas Ally e Sirius apresentam valores elevados de CL50, demonstrando baixa toxicidade para carpa. ACUTE TOXICITY OF HERBICIDES AND INSECTICIDES APPLIED IN WATER-SEEDED RICE TO JUVENILE CARP (Cyprinus carpio) Abstract The water-seeded rice culture presents great economical and social importance in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul and stands out by the intense utilization of agro-chemicals, mainly herbicides and inseticides. Studies were carried out in laboratory to evaluate the acute toxicity of some agro-chemicals utilized in water seeded rice, aiming to establish the risk concentrations as well as positive effects wich the products may present in non-target organisms. The species used as indicator was common carp ( Cyprinus carpio), in function of its utilization in association of rice and fish. The herbicides Ally (Metsulfuron-methyl), Gamit (Clomazone), Goal (Oxyfluorfen), Ronstar (Oxadiazon) and Sirius (Pyrazosulfuron) and the insecticide Furadan (Carbofuran) were tested, individually, in variable concentrations. The results suggested large variation among chemicals in the toxicity to carp. The risk index, estimated dividing the CL50 by the estimated concentration found in the field considering the label rate, was 0,82; 2,76; 5,93; 8,87; 13,94; 4.000 and 7.878; respectively for Furadan, Ronstar, Goal, Facet, Gamit, Sirius and Ally. The results of this work shows evidences that the insecticide Furadan, and the herbicides Ronstar, Goal, Facet and Gamit present greater environmental risks and manners should be adopted after the application in the sense of avoiding the deslocation for outside plantations. The CL50 96 hours to carp for the herbicides Ally and Sirius is very high, showing low toxicity to Cyprinus carpio.

Synthesis, crystal structure and antifungal activity of a divalent cobalt(II) complex with uniconazole

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Guoyu Ren ◽  
Baofu Qin ◽  
Haixia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Distorted Octahedral Geometry ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Divalent Cobalt ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Chloride Ligands ◽  
Hydroxy Groups

Azole compounds have attracted commercial interest due to their high bactericidal and plant-growth-regulating activities. Uniconazole [or 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol] is a highly active 1,2,4-triazole fungicide and plant-growth regulator with low toxicity. The pharmacological and toxicological properties of many drugs are modified by the formation of their metal complexes. Therefore, there is much interest in exploiting the coordination chemistry of triazole pesticides and their potential application in agriculture. However, reports of complexes of uniconazole are rare. A new cobalt(II) complex of uniconazole, namely dichloridotetrakis[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-κN4)pent-1-en-3-ol]cobalt(II), [CoCl2(C15H18ClN3O)4], was synthesized and structurally characterized by element analysis, IR spectrometry and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal structural analysis shows that the CoIIatom is located on the inversion centre and is coordinated by four uniconazole and two chloride ligands, forming a distorted octahedral geometry. The hydroxy groups of an uniconazole ligands of adjacent molecules form hydrogen bonds with the axial chloride ligands, resulting in one-dimensional chains parallel to theaaxis. The complex was analysed for its antifungal activity by the mycelial growth rate method. It was revealed that the antifungal effect of the title complex is more pronounced than the effect of fungicide uniconazole forBotryosphaeria ribis,Wheat gibberellicandGrape anthracnose.

scholarly journals ВИВЧЕННЯ ГОСТРОЇ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ ТА АНАЛГЕТИЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ НОВИХ СПІРОЦИКЛІЧНИХ ПОХІДНИХ ПІРАЗОЛІДИН-3,5-ДІОНУ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
V. M. Holovatiuk ◽  
O. A. Brazhko ◽  
V. I. Kashkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Methyl Substituent ◽  
Qsar Analysis ◽  
Low Toxicity

<p>We presented the results of acute toxicity and analgesic activity research of the new spirocyclic pyrazolidine-3,5-dione derivatives. We studied the acute toxicity of spirodiazolidines with QSAR analysis by QuS computer design and experimentally on mammalian (mice). These compounds had low toxicity and toxic values that decreased with introduction of methyl substituent in cyclopentenic ring and other substituents in compound aromatic fragments. The acute toxicity values that were obtained by nonexperimental and experimental methods had similar magnitudes, and this will allow to apply the computer prognosis in further investigations and design of new bioactive molecules. We also carried out the research of analgesic activity of new spirocyclic pyrazolidinedione derivatives. We proved that some compounds of the studied range have significant analgesic activity to be competed with well-known pyrazolone containing drug ‘Analgin’.</p>

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