Brain Injury in Justice-Involved Youth: Findings and Implications for Juvenile Service Professionals

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Drew Nagele ◽  
Monica Vaccaro ◽  
MJ Schmidt ◽  
Julie Myers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
State University ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Ohio State University

It is well-established that the prevalence of brain injury among justice-involved populations is significantly greater than that of the general population. From 2014-2018, a demonstration project was conducted in two juvenile detention centers in southeastern PA. Its core strategy was to identify youth with history of brain injury; determine their neurocognitive barriers to successful re-entry; and create release plans including connections to appropriate resources. 489 youth participated. They were screened for brain injury utilizing the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method, and those who screened positive, were assessed utilizing standardized measures of memory and executive functioning. Results indicated that 49% had history of brain injury, with an average of 2.59 injuries per youth. 62% of injuries did not involve a loss of consciousness, and two-thirds never sought treatment for their injury. A history of repetitive blows to the head was also common, and often caused by violence. 147 youth were subsequently evaluated for cognitive impairment. 57% showed evidence of significant cognitive impairment, with the most common impairments being working memory, behavioral regulation, and delayed recall of novel information. Resources included referrals to brain injury school re-entry programs, vocational rehabilitation, and medical rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Outcome Following Concussion: Prospective Investigation into the Cumulative Effects of a Prior History of Brain Injury and a History of Repeated Sub-Concussive Injuries on Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-852
Author(s):  
J Bailie ◽  
R Remigio-Baker ◽  
W Cole ◽  
K Stuessi ◽  
M Ettenhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Prior History ◽  
State University ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of patient history of repeated head injury (RHI) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on recovery from an acute concussion. Methods There were 64 participants from 3 military installations treated for an acute concussion ( < 72 hours) and monitored at < 72 hours, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Participants had no concussion in the last year and no history of moderate/severe TBI. TBI history was based on the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method and limited to mTBI with loss of consciousness. Primary outcome was symptoms evaluated using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory. A total of 33 participants completed the study. Results Participants were as follows: n = 12 TBI(-)/RHI(-); n = 6 TBI(+)/RHI(-); n = 9 TBI(-)/RHI(+); n = 6 TBI(+)/RHI(+). A multivariate ANOVA examining TBI/RHI group effect on symptoms was significant (F = 2.31, p = 0.010), whereby the TBI(+)/RHI(+) had higher symptom scores than other groups at < 72 hours, 1 week, and 6 months. At 1 month, TBI(+)/RHI(+) had more symptoms than the TBI(-)/RHI(+). At 3 months, the TBI(+)/RHI(+) had higher symptom scores than the TBI(-)/RHI(-) and the TBI(-)/RHI(+). The TBI(-)/RHI(+) did not differ from TBI(-)/RHI(-) except at 1 week where they had lower overall symptoms. Conclusions Participants with an acute mTBI had more severe symptoms if they had RHI and a prior remote mTBI. The combination of these two factors had a negative impact on recovery for up to 6 months. RHI in the absence of TBI did not impact recovery.

Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method to Neuropsychological Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Glover ◽  
Kim Gorgens ◽  
Marybeth Lehto ◽  
Laura Meyer ◽  
Judy Dettmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
The Ohio State University

Offenders in justice system settings have high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in comparison with the general population. Consequently, justice systems are using screening tools to identify and manage these individuals. Currently, that includes screening for TBI history and gross cognitive impairment. The present study attempted to determine whether the modified Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID) was predictive of ongoing cognitive impairment as measured by the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) Core Battery. If so, the OSU TBI-ID could be used as a stand-alone measure of TBI history and impairment. This study had 223 participants (male = 160, female = 62). Sensitivity and specificity results revealed poor (.65) to very poor (.36) estimates for all OSU TBI-ID indices across all ANAM subtests. This study suggests that screening for lifetime history of TBI does not identify cognitive impairment. Implications for screening policy and future research are discussed.

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