Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method to Neuropsychological Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Glover ◽  
Kim Gorgens ◽  
Marybeth Lehto ◽  
Laura Meyer ◽  
Judy Dettmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
The Ohio State University

Offenders in justice system settings have high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in comparison with the general population. Consequently, justice systems are using screening tools to identify and manage these individuals. Currently, that includes screening for TBI history and gross cognitive impairment. The present study attempted to determine whether the modified Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID) was predictive of ongoing cognitive impairment as measured by the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) Core Battery. If so, the OSU TBI-ID could be used as a stand-alone measure of TBI history and impairment. This study had 223 participants (male = 160, female = 62). Sensitivity and specificity results revealed poor (.65) to very poor (.36) estimates for all OSU TBI-ID indices across all ANAM subtests. This study suggests that screening for lifetime history of TBI does not identify cognitive impairment. Implications for screening policy and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury and Recidivism Among Returning Inmates

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Ray ◽  
Nicholas J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
General Population ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, there has been a surge in research that examines the relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and involvement in the criminal justice system. However, the bulk of this research has been largely retrospective and descriptive, comparing rates of TBI in the offending population with the rates of TBI in the general population. Although findings from these studies indicate a higher prevalence of TBI in the offending population, virtually no studies have examined whether those with TBI are more likely to recidivate. To address this gap, the present study examined rearrest post release from prison among a cohort sample of Indiana inmates who were screened using the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification (OSU-TBI-ID) instrument. Findings indicate that, net of control variables, those with TBI were more likely to recidivate sooner than those without TBI. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Street Intersection Characteristics and Their Impacts on Perceived Bicycling Safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (46) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailai Wang ◽  
Gulsah Akar
Keyword(s):  
Ohio State University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Safety Perceptions ◽  
Intersection Safety ◽  
Experience Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Street Intersection ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Safety concerns are among the main issues that deter people from bicycling in the U.S. Earlier studies have explored the associations between characteristics of intersection design and bicyclists’ safety perceptions. Research shows that there are significant links between bicycling choice, safety perceptions, bicycling experience levels, and socio-demographics. Yet the existing bicycling safety-rating models do not control for individuals’ socio-demographics and their levels of bicycling experience, which are known to affect bicycling choice. This study develops a Perceived Bicycling Intersection Safety (PBIS) model which helps engineers, planners, and decision makers to understand better how a wide range of intersection features contribute to bicyclists’ safety perceptions, controlling for socio-demographics and bicycling experience. The empirical analysis is based on an online visual survey conducted at the main campus of The Ohio State University through March and April 2017. Results showed that visual surveys are effective in capturing information about bicycling preferences. The paper concludes with recommendations for infrastructure decisions and suggestions for future research. The results of this study can help planners design street intersections that bicyclists will prefer. Our model can be applied elsewhere to test the effects of different intersection and street features.

The Role of Fluid Mechanics in Atherogenesis

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Nerem ◽  
J. F. Cornhill
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
The Many

A specialists meeting on “The Role of Fluid Mechanics in Atherogenesis” was held August 24–25, 1978, at The Ohio State University. This meeting was a followup to a similar meeting held in 1974 [1, 2]. The present status of our knowledge of the importance of fluid mechanics in the initiation and progression of arterial lesions is summarized on the basis of the experimental data presented at the meeting; no attempt is made to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. Three basic aspects are addressed: firstly, the localization of arterial lesions; secondly, the local hemodynamics of arterial segments with a high predilection to the development of lesions; and thirdly, the interaction of hemodynamic factors with the arterial wall. The many unresolved questions, apparently conflicting experimental data and areas in need of future research on the role of fluid mechanics in atherogenesis are identified specifically.

Brain Injury in Justice-Involved Youth: Findings and Implications for Juvenile Service Professionals

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Drew Nagele ◽  
Monica Vaccaro ◽  
MJ Schmidt ◽  
Julie Myers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
State University ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Ohio State University

It is well-established that the prevalence of brain injury among justice-involved populations is significantly greater than that of the general population. From 2014-2018, a demonstration project was conducted in two juvenile detention centers in southeastern PA. Its core strategy was to identify youth with history of brain injury; determine their neurocognitive barriers to successful re-entry; and create release plans including connections to appropriate resources. 489 youth participated. They were screened for brain injury utilizing the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method, and those who screened positive, were assessed utilizing standardized measures of memory and executive functioning. Results indicated that 49% had history of brain injury, with an average of 2.59 injuries per youth. 62% of injuries did not involve a loss of consciousness, and two-thirds never sought treatment for their injury. A history of repetitive blows to the head was also common, and often caused by violence. 147 youth were subsequently evaluated for cognitive impairment. 57% showed evidence of significant cognitive impairment, with the most common impairments being working memory, behavioral regulation, and delayed recall of novel information. Resources included referrals to brain injury school re-entry programs, vocational rehabilitation, and medical rehabilitation.

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