scholarly journals Design and Geodetic Adjustment of Levelling Network for Establishment of Unified Control Points in Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
H.K Lee ◽  
S.H. Yun ◽  
J.H. Kwon ◽  
J.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Network Adjustment ◽  
Technical Challenge ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Horizontal Network

The unified control points (UCPs), the multi-dimensional geodetic reference points installed in the low elevated area, has been established in Korea for the combination of the horizontal and the vertical geodetic control. While the 1st-phase UCPs network was completed in 2011 with a spatial density of about 10km, its densification has been underway as the 2nd-phase project. The UCPs supersedes the legacy geodetic points, such as triangulation points and benchmarks (BMs) once the 2nd-phase implementation. Although the horizontal network of the UPCs can be readily realised by GNSS technology, a technical challenge of the vertical component remains to be settled due to characteristics of the geodetic levelling technique. To this end, a pilot study was conducted to design a new version of the UCPs-based levelling network and to demonstrate its effectiveness with a comparison of the legacy. In this paper, a concept of the UCPs-based levelling network is briefly addressed with some prominent examples, and details of a pilot network and its measurements is given with the network adjustment procedure. Finally, results of the adjustments are provided with an emphasis on the influence of the newly designed network in terms of accuracy, reliability and estimated heights.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF LINE CONSTRAINTS DILEMMA IN PARAMETRIC LINEAR REGRESSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-562
Author(s):  
Mohd Azwan Abbas ◽  
Norshahrizan Mohd Hashim ◽  
Mohamad Faiz Mohd Zaim ◽  
Muhammad Husaini Ya’cob ◽  
Ahmad Azmi Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Network Adjustment ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The demand for positional accuracy and multi-dimensional data have demonstrated drastic changes in the geomatics data adjustment approach. Furthermore, the capability of modern sensors to provide high accuracy data (i.e., global navigation satellite system) has caused the crucial requirement for a rigorous adjustment that can process data from multi-sensors. Geomatics practitioners have gradually transformed the adjustment procedure to the most rigorous approach (i.e., parametric linear regression) to adapt to current demand. However, legacy datasets that utilize independent line constraint in the traditional adjustment approach have caused significant uncertainties in parametric linear regression (LR) adjustment. To resolve this dilemma, this research has designed robust experiments using closed traverse types: single-line constraint, multi-line constraints, and sub-network line constraint. Through errors trend and network form deterioration analyses, the outcomes have visually and numerically verified the insignificant of independent line constraints in parametric LR. However, the establishment of control points at the beginning or end of lines could solve the limitation of the abovementioned issue. In both analyses, control points at initial lines have demonstrated the best solution for constrained adjustment. The obtained results have exemplified the appropriate implementation of network adjustment in the presence of line constraints. As positional accuracy becomes the main priority, it can be concluded that points-based constraints are more advisable in preserving the quality of cadastral network adjustment.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study: Warm Stimulation on Guangming (GB37) to Relief Asthenopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Better Than

Infrared thermometry was performed in 15 female asthenopia patients (average ± SD: 54.88 ± 7.30 years) prior to, during, and after stimulation using electrothermal Bian-stone at the Guangming (GB37) acupoints. The results of this controlled pilot study (control points at the Yongquan (KI1) and Tianshu (ST25) points) showed significant (P≤0.05) increases in eyes’ temperature. At the same time, no changes were found at the control points. Furthermore, after warm stimulation on Guangming (GB37) acupoints, the clinical symptoms were getting better than the control points. The symptoms’ score was decreased significantly too (P≤0.05). It was demonstrated that there is some relationship between Guangming (GB37) point and eyes, and warm stimulation on Guangming (GB37) could relief uncomfortable of asthenopia.

scholarly journals A LIBRATION MODEL FOR ENCELADUS BASED ON GEODETIC CONTROL POINT NETWORK ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Nadezhdina ◽  
A. E. Zubarev ◽  
E. S. Brusnikin ◽  
J. Oberst
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Global Control ◽  
Cartesian Coordinates ◽  
Voyager 2 ◽  
Librational Motion ◽  
Geodetic Control

A new global control point network was derived for Enceladus, based on Cassini and Voyager-2 image data. Cassini images were taken from 2005 to 2014, for Voyager we have only one flyby in the middle of 1981. We have derived 3D Cartesian coordinates for 1128 control points as well as improved pointing data for 12 Voyager and 193 Cassini images in the Enceladus-fixed coordinate system. The point accuracies vary from 55 m to 2900 m (average point accuracy – 221 m). From tracking of the control points we detect a librational motion described by a model which includes 3 different periods and amplitudes (Rambaux et al., 2011). We determine the amplitudes for each term. Our new control point network has a higher number of point measurements and a higher accuracy than previous data (Giese et al., 2014).

scholarly journals Development and Definition of Prambanan Temple Deformation Monitoring Control Points

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochmad Muryamto ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Taftazani ◽  
Yulaikhah Yulaikhah ◽  
Bambang Kun Cahyono ◽  
Anindya Sricandra Prasidya
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Deformation Control ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gnss Data

Since 1991, Prambanan Temple has been recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage of a historic building. In its construction, the Prambanan temple was established in a labile soil structure in the sandy soil and not far from the Opak River. In the geological map of Yogyakarta, there is a fault under the Opak River landscape. This fault under the Opak River has caused an earthquake in 2006. Because of its position in disaster-prone areas, regular monitoring of the geometric aspects of Prambanan Temple is very necessary.This research aims to build a deformation monitoring control point in Prambanan Temple. Eight control points, consist of three existing points and five new points are built around Prambanan Temple. These eight control points then were measured by observing GNSS for 1x24 hours in order to define their coordinates. GNSS data processing is done using GAMIT 10.70 software with two strategies, namely (1) processing with regional binding points, in this case using IGS BAKO and JOG2 stations, and (2) processing with global binding points using IGS COCO station reference points, DARW, KARR, POHN, PIMO, DGAR, and IISC. This research yields the establishment of Prambanan temple deformation control points and their coordinates and standard deviation in two processing strategies. The smallest standard deviation in the first strategy is 0.0787 m on the Z-axis for points of PRO1 and PR03. The biggest standard deviation is 0.1218 m on the Y-axis at point of PR02. In the second strategy the smallest standard deviation is 0.0036 m on the Z-axis for points of PR01 and PR03. The biggest standard is 0.0141 m on the Y-axis at point of PR02.

scholarly journals GIScience Theory Based Assessment of Spatial Disparity of Geodetic Control Points Location

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Bielecka ◽  
Krzysztof Pokonieczny ◽  
Sylwia Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Outlier Analysis ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Spatial Cluster Analysis ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Application Fields

Geodetic networks provide a spatial reference framework for the positioning of any geographical feature in a common and consistent way. An even spatial distribution of geodetic control points assures good quality for subordinate surveys in mapping, cadaster, engineering activities, and many other land administration-oriented applications. We investigate the spatial pattern of geodetic control points based on GIScience theory, especially Tobler’s Laws in Geography. The study makes contributions in both the research and application fields. By utilizing Average Nearest Neighbor, multi-distance spatial cluster analysis, and cluster and outlier analysis, it introduces the comprehensive methodology for ex post analysis of geodetic control points’ spatial patterns as well as the quantification of geodetic networks’ uniformity to regularly dense and regularly thinned. Moreover, it serves as a methodological resource and reference for the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, not only the maintenance, but also the further densification or modernization the geodetic network in Poland. Furthermore, the results give surveyors the ability to quickly assess the availability of geodetic points, as well as identify environmental obstacles that may hamper measurements. The results show that the base geodetic control points are evenly dispersed (one point over 50 sq. km), however they tend to cluster slightly in urbanized areas and forests (1.3 and 1.4 points per sq. km, respectively).

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