scholarly journals Development and Definition of Prambanan Temple Deformation Monitoring Control Points

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochmad Muryamto ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Taftazani ◽  
Yulaikhah Yulaikhah ◽  
Bambang Kun Cahyono ◽  
Anindya Sricandra Prasidya
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Deformation Control ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gnss Data

Since 1991, Prambanan Temple has been recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage of a historic building. In its construction, the Prambanan temple was established in a labile soil structure in the sandy soil and not far from the Opak River. In the geological map of Yogyakarta, there is a fault under the Opak River landscape. This fault under the Opak River has caused an earthquake in 2006. Because of its position in disaster-prone areas, regular monitoring of the geometric aspects of Prambanan Temple is very necessary.This research aims to build a deformation monitoring control point in Prambanan Temple. Eight control points, consist of three existing points and five new points are built around Prambanan Temple. These eight control points then were measured by observing GNSS for 1x24 hours in order to define their coordinates. GNSS data processing is done using GAMIT 10.70 software with two strategies, namely (1) processing with regional binding points, in this case using IGS BAKO and JOG2 stations, and (2) processing with global binding points using IGS COCO station reference points, DARW, KARR, POHN, PIMO, DGAR, and IISC. This research yields the establishment of Prambanan temple deformation control points and their coordinates and standard deviation in two processing strategies. The smallest standard deviation in the first strategy is 0.0787 m on the Z-axis for points of PRO1 and PR03. The biggest standard deviation is 0.1218 m on the Y-axis at point of PR02. In the second strategy the smallest standard deviation is 0.0036 m on the Z-axis for points of PR01 and PR03. The biggest standard is 0.0141 m on the Y-axis at point of PR02.

scholarly journals Studi Akurasi Pengukuran GNSS Jaring Makro Tahun 2016 dan 2017 pada Pemantauan Bendungan Sermo

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Taftazani ◽  
Yulaikhah Yulaikhah
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Network Monitoring ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Gnss Data

Monitoring of deformation on Sermo Dam has been widely practiced. One of them is by installing the monitoring point, locate dinside the Sermo Dam area called the micro network, and outside the dam called macro network. The installation of the micro network monitoring point aims to monitor the deformation of the dam due to the volume of water. The macro network monitoring point aims to monitor the effect of the existence of an active fault under the dam. In the last few years, monitoring in Sermo Dam has been done using GNSS technology. This paper intends to present the results of the accuracy represented by the deviation standard value of the measurement point at the macro net on the GNSS observation in 2016 and 2017. The objective is to compare the accuracy resulting from various GNSS processing strategies in observation 2016 and 2017, evaluation of GNSS measurements that can be used as guidance in subsequent GNSS measurements. The result shows that GNSS measurement in 2017 using two IGS reference points (BAKO and COCO) has a better standard deviation value compared to the 2016 measurement by the difference 1-5 mm on the X axis, 1-9 mm on the Y axis, and 1-2 mm on the Z axis. In the GNSS data processing using seven IGS reference points (BAKO, COCO, KARR, DARW, GUUG, PIMO, SHAO) in 2016 mostly has a better standard deviation compared to 2017 measurement except in MAK5 with the difference 0-4 mm on the X axis, 1-10 mm on Y axis, and 0-2 mm on Z axis. As for the value of coordinate data processing in 2016 and 2017on the two processing strategies there are differences in coordinate values that indicate the movement of monitoring points of macro network. However, the vector of the point movement that occurs in the two strategies has a different direction. This requires verification in-depth research and focused on the deformation of the Sermo Dam monitoring point.

scholarly journals Research on widening construction clearance on the transition curve of existing railway lines based on SIMPACK

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 03071
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Liu Yu ◽  
Chen Chao
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transition Curve ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Curve Part ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Curve Radius

This paper selects appropriate vehicle as the standard vehicle and designs its shape. Secondly, it chooses some control point on the vehicle according to the current standard. Thirdly, the essay sets four difficult operating conditions with different curve radius and superelevation, simulates on the SIMPACK software and compares the value of control points offset the centre of railway line to the current construction clearance. According to the result of comparison, this paper divides transition curve into three parts to widen construction clearance and proposes the definition of correction coefficient. At last, the paper compares construction clearance that has been corrected with existing construction clearance to check whether the new one is right or not. The study shows that if curve part is divided into three parts to widen construction clearance, it would be more reasonable and satisfactory.

scholarly journals PRECISION POTENTIAL OF UNDERWATER NETWORKS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION THROUGH TRILATERATION AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W10 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Skarlatos ◽  
F. Menna ◽  
E. Nocerino ◽  
P. Agrafiotis
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Ground Control Points

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Given the rise and wide adoption of Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi View Stereo (MVS) in underwater archaeology, this paper investigates the optimal option for surveying ground control point networks. Such networks are the essential framework for coregistration of photogrammetric 3D models acquired in different epochs, and consecutive archaeological related study and analysis. Above the water, on land, coordinates of ground control points are determined with geodetic methods and are considered often definitive. Other survey works are then derived from by using those coordinates as fixed (being ground control points coordinates considered of much higher precision). For this reason, equipment of proven precision is used with methods that not only compute the most correct values (according to the least squares principle) but also provide numerical measures of their precisions and reliability. Under the water, there are two options for surveying such control networks: trilateration and photogrammetry, with the former being the choice of the majority of archaeological expeditions so far. It has been adopted because of ease of implementation and under the assumption that it is more reliable and precise than photogrammetry.</p><p>This work aims at investigating the precision of network establishment by both methodologies by comparing them in a typical underwater archaeological site. Photogrammetric data were acquired and analysed, while the trilateration data were simulated under certain assumptions. Direct comparison of standard deviation values of both methodologies reveals a clear advantage of photogrammetry in the vertical (Z) axis and three times better results in horizontal precision.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of Pillar Displacements on Geodetic Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8319
Author(s):  
Robert Močnik ◽  
Božo Koler ◽  
Dejan Zupan ◽  
Tomaž Ambrožič
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Absorption Factor ◽  
Survey Point ◽  
Geodetic Measurements ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
High Absorption

This paper deals with the effects that displacements of the measuring pillar have on precise geodetic measurements. The changes in the position of the control points on the object or its surroundings can only be determined with well stabilized and stable reference points. These points are usually stabilized with measuring pillars which are not always constructed in an optimal manner. If they are placed in a dark tube with a high absorption factor, solar heating on one side of the pillar can cause the pillar to deflect considerably due to the temperature difference on the two sides of the pillar. This paper presents the influence of such a displacement, if the pillar is a survey point, orientation point, or control point. We show that even small displacement of the survey point can have important influence on all measurements and that the error in some cases significantly increases, e.g., if the standard deviations of the coordinates of the survey point are 1 mm and their covariance is assumed to be zero, the standard deviation of the distance between measured and exact position of the control point exceeds the value of 2.2 mm.

scholarly journals Quality management and safety of food in HACCP system aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka ◽  
Ali Abdulhassan Abbase
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Haccp System ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe practical implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) and in particular the definition of the critical control points (CCPs) in the food industry is usually a complex structured task. This is particularly the case of food enterprise, where quality/safety manager ability, knowledge of the production processes and ‘‘sensitiveness’’ is usually the discriminate for the proper identification and prioritization of risks. The same applies for the definition of causes which may lead to food safety hazards. This paper addresses the issues of how quality/safety managers can objectively and automatically implement the HACCP principles of hazard analysis in the application of HACCP, which is the identification of risk priorities and of the related CCPs. The proposed methodology combines decision tree analysis approach for the analytical decomposition of the relevant steps in the manufacturing process of ice cream.

The Philosophy of Sobornost as a Prototype of Ferdinand Tönnies’ “Sociological Conservatism”

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Nikita K. Siundiukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Natural State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Definition Of

The article presents a comparative analysis of the theory of Ferdinand Tönnies “Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft” and the philosophy of catholicity in the works of A.S. Khomyakov and I.V. Kireevsky. The theory of Tönnies is considered in the light of the concept of “sociological conservatism” manifested by A.F. Filippov. It is shown that the conceptual opposition “Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft” can be seen continuation of the discussion about the “nature of the social”. In this light, the main reference points of Tönnies sociology are the political theories of Aris­totle and Hobbes, with an emphasis on the definition of the “natural state” of man. Based on the analysis of Tönnies theory, it is shown that its comparison with Slavophilism is possible in three parameters: appeal to the factor of sub­stantiality, the dichotomy of “historical” and “non – historical” and the use of the concept of “organic”. It is proved that in the context of a “conservative” reading of the philosophy of sobornost, its argumentation turns out to be mainly political and sociological

An Alternative Perspective on Recruitment Overfishing and Biological Reference Points

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sissenwine ◽  
J. G. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Yield Per Recruit ◽  
Spawning Biomass

Biological reference points are used to guide fisheries management decisions. The reference points most often used are expressed in terms of fishing mortality rate (F). Fmsy relates to the maximization of sustainable yield. In principle, it is a most useful reference point, but in practice it is difficult to estimate. Fmax and F0.1 relate to certain levels of yield per recruit and are easily estimated, but they ignore conservation of the resource. Recruitment overfishing has usually been understood to occur when a population has been fished down to a point where recruitment is substantially reduced or fails. It has not been used as a basis for a biological reference point because the definition is vague and cannot be readily related to fishing mortality. Levels of spawning biomass below which recruitment seems to be reduced have been used, but their determination from available data is usually difficult and controversial. We propose an alternative definition of recruitment overfishing in terms of the level of fishing pressure that reduces the spawning biomass of a year class over its lifetime below the spawning biomass of its parents on average. Conventional models and types of data can be used to determine this level of F, denoted as Frep, which clearly relates to the replacement of spawning biomass and thus to sustainability of a population and yield in the long term.

scholarly journals Immediately mathematical model of maneuverability of the items of the administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kotsyuruba ◽  
Ruslan Cherevko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Current Stage

At the current stage of the reformation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the context of the operation of the United Nations (Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO)), there was a need to increase the effectiveness of the use of troops without increasing the cost of the resource. In the context of increasing capabilities of the armies of the leading countries in the world to investigate and defeat the forces of the opposite side, the problem of maintaining and restoring combat capability in the course of hostilities is very acute. One of the important components that determines combat capability is the maneuverability of the control points (PU). In the course of the defense, the problem of increasing the survivability of the PU system is important because the forces of the opposite side, with the onset of aggression, will try, first of all, to dismantle the PU using modern means of defeat and the massive use of high-precision weapons (WTZ), as well as aircraft and artillery strikes, electronic information and information fight, the use of sabotage and reconnaissance groups and tactical airborne troops to disrupt the control of defending troops. Important importance of the ability to timely carry out maneuver (organized movement) of PU and its elements into a new area in the preparation and in the course of military operations. The traditional approach to ensuring the survivability of PU does not allow to ensure the proper stability of their functioning. There is an objective necessity in the development of such a mathematical model of maneuverability, which in its characteristics would meet the dynamically increasing requirements of the control system of troops in the difficult conditions of projected operations. To ensure the quality management of military units, various measures to ensure the survivability of PU are considered. The article outlines approaches to the definition of indicators of estimation of maneuverability of PU and methods of their calculation. The research is carried out in modern conditions of combat operations, taking into account the movement of the line of the combat collision of the parties and the disclosure of the PU to the enemy's intelligence.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Different Combinations of Observation Satellites on the Resolving Accuracy of GNSS Observation Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 03025
Author(s):  
Junze Wang ◽  
Maohua Yao ◽  
Wenting Zhou ◽  
Xiangping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Beidou Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Stable Measurement

In this paper, 24 C-level control points under different terrain conditions were selected to be the testing points. The binary-satellite system (GPS+GLONASS) and the triple-satellite system with BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) (BDS+GPS+GLONASS) were adopted for static measurement; and the observation data from BeiDou Ground-based Augumentation System (GBAS) base stations in Guangxi were collected for solution. By comparing the residuals of GPS tri-dimensional baseline vectors and the internal accord accuracy of each control point under the binary and triple-satellite systems, the effect of data collected by different satellite systems under different terrain conditions on measurement accuracy was studied. According to the results, (1) the triple-satellite system with BDS showed more stable measurement accuracy; (2) in plane, the two systems were of equivalent measurement accuracy in mountainous and flat areas; in elevation, the triple-satellite system showed higher and more stable measurement accuracy.

scholarly journals Design and Geodetic Adjustment of Levelling Network for Establishment of Unified Control Points in Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
H.K Lee ◽  
S.H. Yun ◽  
J.H. Kwon ◽  
J.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Network Adjustment ◽  
Technical Challenge ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Horizontal Network

The unified control points (UCPs), the multi-dimensional geodetic reference points installed in the low elevated area, has been established in Korea for the combination of the horizontal and the vertical geodetic control. While the 1st-phase UCPs network was completed in 2011 with a spatial density of about 10km, its densification has been underway as the 2nd-phase project. The UCPs supersedes the legacy geodetic points, such as triangulation points and benchmarks (BMs) once the 2nd-phase implementation. Although the horizontal network of the UPCs can be readily realised by GNSS technology, a technical challenge of the vertical component remains to be settled due to characteristics of the geodetic levelling technique. To this end, a pilot study was conducted to design a new version of the UCPs-based levelling network and to demonstrate its effectiveness with a comparison of the legacy. In this paper, a concept of the UCPs-based levelling network is briefly addressed with some prominent examples, and details of a pilot network and its measurements is given with the network adjustment procedure. Finally, results of the adjustments are provided with an emphasis on the influence of the newly designed network in terms of accuracy, reliability and estimated heights.

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