scholarly journals Demonstrative Reference and Cognitive Space: A Memory Game on Mandarin-Speaking Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Lu Zou
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Demonstrative Reference ◽  
Perceptual Distance ◽  
Cognitive Space ◽  
Memory Game

The development of pragmatic ability is an essential topic in language acquisition, among which demonstratives are significant to reflect human’s cognition of the relation between language and the environment. The purpose of this research is to investigate the acquisition of spatial demonstratives “zhe” (this) and “na” (that) of Mandarin-speaking children through experimental design (different tool use, e.g. participants pointed at the objects with their finger or a laser pen), exploring the influence of perceptual distance on children’s choice of spatial demonstratives. Through comparison with adults’ data, results supported the view that 5- to 6-year-old children have already developed adult-like cognitive space when it comes to the use of spatial demonstratives, which produced an effect on the use of spatial demonstratives, proving speaker’s subjective involvement in choosing the proximal or distal demonstrative in the process of communication, and rendering more evidence on children’s early development of pragmatic ability.

scholarly journals Age of word acquisition effects in treatment of children with phonological delays

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDITH A. GIERUT ◽  
MICHELE L. MORRISETTE
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Phonological Learning ◽  
Word Acquisition

ABSTRACTThe effects of the age of acquisition (AoA) of words were examined in the clinical treatment of 10 preschool children with phonological delays. Using a single-subject multiple-baseline experimental design, children were enrolled in one of four conditions that varied the AoA of the treated words (early vs. late acquired) relative to their corresponding word frequency (high vs. low frequency). Phonological generalization to treated and untreated sounds in error served as the dependent variable. Results showed that late acquired words induced greater generalization, with an effect size four times greater than early acquired words, whereas the effects of word frequency were minimized. Results are discussed relative to hypotheses about the role of AoA in language acquisition and the relevance of this variable for phonological learning.

Acquisition of Morphology and Syntax

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Bogdan Krakowian
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Early Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Questions

The early development of second language acquisition [SLA] research in the area of morphology and syntax can be traced in some excellent publications both exemplifying and evaluating the state of the art in this area (e.g., Anderson 1981, Davies, Criper, and Howatt 1984, Hatch 1983, Wode 1981b). The research questions identified and pursued at that time have continued to occupy researchers. (The ones which are the most important and relevant for the discussion here are as follows: 1 the problem of regularity in interlanguage [IL] morphology and syntax; 2) the contribution of Universal Grammar to SLA, and 3) variability in IL performance. The problems enumerated above will provide a framework for the discussion of the acquisition of morphology and syntax. Some additional comments on other, related issues will be included.

Issues and nonissues in the origins of language

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy K. Wilkins ◽  
Jennie Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis response clarifies the nature of reappropriation and the definition of language. It explicates the relationship between neural systems and language and between homology and evolutionary gradualism. Through a review of ape capacities in the realms of language and tool use, it distinguishes human language acquisition from nonhuman learning. Finally, it suggests the appropriate sorts of evidence on which to base further evolutionary arguments relevant to the origins of language.

scholarly journals Recipientes e substratos na germinação e desenvolvimento de crisântemo e amor-perfeito

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Kelli Pirola ◽  
Marcelo Dotto ◽  
Américo Wagner Júnior ◽  
Alexandre Luis Alegretti ◽  
Paulo César Conceição ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Substrate Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Wood Shavings

The aim of this work was to evaluate the substrate effect and recipient size on the germination and initial growth of chrysanthemum and perfect-love ornamental plants. The works was carried out in the Horticulture Nursery from UTFPR - Campus Dois Vizinhos - Paraná State, Brazil. The experimental design was in blocks randomized, in factorial 3 x 4 (recipient size x substrate), with four replications, considering 4 recipients by plot. It was used as recipients, small, medium and king container and as substrate the Plantmax® and the mixture Red Latosoil + Sand + Poultry Litter 1 (1:1:1 v/v), Red Latosoil + Sand + Poultry Litter 2 (1:1:1 v/v) and Red Latosoil + Sand + Poultry Litter 1 + Poultry Litter 2 (1:1:1:1 v/v). The Poultry Litter 1 and 2 had wood shavings and sawdust as different ingredients, respectively. The germination (%), total lenght plants(cm), roots length(cm), height(cm), leaf number and plants dry mass matter(g), were evaluate 63 days after experiment installation. For germination and early development of perfect-love the best container was small with a mixture the red latosoil + sand + Poultry Litter 1 + Poultry Litter 2 (1:1:1:1 v/v). For Chrysanthemum, besides to this container and mixing, the mixtures were also important Red Latosoil + sand + Poultry Litter 1 (1:1:1 v/v) e Red Latosoil + sand + Poultry Litter 2 (1:1:1 v/v).

scholarly journals Grammars, parsers, and language acquisition

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVAN KIDD
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Matching Model

Drozd's critique of Crain & Thornton's (C&T) (1998) book Investigations in Universal Grammar (IUG) raises many issues concerning theory and experimental design within generative approaches to language acquisition. I focus here on one of the strongest theoretical claims of the Modularity Matching Model (MMM): continuity of processing. For reasons different to Drozd, I argue that the assumption is tenuous. Furthermore, I argue that the focus of the MMM and the methodological prescriptions contained in IUG are too narrow to capture language acquisition.

scholarly journals Challenges of infant language acquisition in bilingual environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Byers-Heinlein
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
Infant Language ◽  
Bilingual Learning ◽  
Processing Language

Many infants around the world grow up bilingual, learning two languages simultaneously from birth. What are these early bilingual environments like, and how do infants successfully navigate them? In this paper, I first describe the variety of ways that bilingual infants can encounter two languages during their early development. I then review how infants surmount unique challenges that they face during bilingual language acquisition. These include detecting and processing language switches, learning two sets of sounds and words, separating the languages, and processing speech in language-specific ways. I conclude by elucidating some of the most pressing methodological challenges in infant bilingualism research. I argue that Open Science approaches such as data sharing and large-scale collaborations will be essential to progress in our understanding of bilingualism in infancy.

Social Interaction in Infancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Tobias Schuwerk ◽  
Hannes Rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Early Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
First Year Of Life

The present chapter reviews the early development of various forms of social cognition guiding social interaction in infancy. There is wide agreement that very early in the first year of life infants reveal remarkable sensitivity to social information, and engage in remarkable forms of contingent social interaction. It is equally undisputed that towards the end of the first year of life infants begin to operate with basic forms of folk psychology, understanding others and themselves as intentional agents who perceive their surroundings and act intentionally, and that from their second year on infants engage in shared intentionality with others. What is controversial, however, is whether infants already operate with fully fledged meta-representational Theory of Mind, or whether this capacity develops in more protracted ways, depending on language acquisition and cultural experience. This chapter reviews theoretical debates and empirical findings related to this controversy in detail.

scholarly journals Early verb development in one Croatian-speaking child

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Antigone Katičić
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Early Development

This paper shows the early development of the first approximately 50 verbs found in the recorded speech production of one Croatian girl. The aim is to analyse and interpret the child's verb development in terms of the distinction of a pre- and a protomorphological phase before modularised morphology in language acquisition (Dressler & Karpf 1995). Furthermore, focus will be laid on the emergence of first verb paradigms.  

On the acquisition of syntax in Tamil: a comment on Garman (1974)

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lust ◽  
Julie Eisele
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Grammatical Sensitivity ◽  
Linguistic Strategy

ABSTRACTGarman (1974), reporting on twenty Tamil children aged three to five, postulated a linguistic strategy and two prelinguistic strategies to explain the results of a question-picture choice task involving sentences with embedded and subordinate clauses. In a reanalysis of his data, we identify four processing strategies and show that some of Garman's findings are better explained not as the outcome of prelinguistic strategies but as an artefact of the experimental design. In fact the data provide evidence of a grammatical sensitivity which is consonant with a sensitivity – demonstrated in recent language-acquisition studies – to the branching direction of the language being acquired.

scholarly journals First tentative conclusions on the early development of verb morphology

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Wolfgang U. Dressler ◽  
Marianne Kilani-Schoch ◽  
Dagmar Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Comparative Results

In these conclusions we can deal only with some of the tentative comparative results of the workshop papers on the early development of verb morphology. The main focus is on criteria of how the child detects morphology and how this emerging morphological competence develops in its earliest phases. In view of the purpose and tentative character of these conclusions, all references will be limited to the papers of the workshop and to earlier studies by workshop participants within the "Crosslinguistic Project on Pre- and Protomorphology in Language Acquisition". Much more will be given in the projected final publication.  

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