scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effect of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata L. and Zea mays L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ilori Olasupo John ◽  
Olutobi Oluwafunmilayo Otusanya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Range Test

A large number of plants impose inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of neighbouring or successional plants by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. This study investigated the phytotoxic effects of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on the chlorophyll and protein contents of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers and Zea mays L.. This was with a view to determining the susceptibility of these crops to allelochemicals in the extracts prepared from T. rotundifolia. Seeds of the test plants were sown in pots filled with top humus soil. At two weeks, seedlings in each pot were thinned down to 10 seedlings per pot. Potted plants of the test crops were supplied with 400 ml of the appropriate water extracts while the control potted plants were supplied with 400 ml of water. Biochemical analyses were carried out according to standard methods. The data obtained were analysed by (ANOVA) to determine significant (P< 0.05) effects. The means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and protein contents in V. unguiculata and Z. mays and were significantly inhibited by the extract from T. rotundifolia. The inhibitory effects of these allelochemicals increased with concentration. The phytotoxic effect of T. rotundifolia was species dependent. It was concluded that the extract contains water-soluble allelochemicals which inhibited the biochemical parameters of the test crops. T. rotundifolia should be controlled where it grows in association with cultivated crops.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of essential oil from Piper nigrum L. on some selected food crops as a potential herbicide in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
S H Awojide ◽  
K A Oyewole ◽  
O O Abiona ◽  
A W Agbaje
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Phytotoxicity of the essential oil (EO) of Piper nigrum L. against Solanum lycopersicum L., Zea mays L. and Vigna unguiculata L. was studied. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of P. nigrum shows that linalool (21.73 %) was the major component of the essential oil. The EO retarded the growth of the root and the shoot of S. lycopersicum, Z. mays and V. unguiculata. The inhibition of the root ranged from 64.8-82.8% after 120 hours with a concentration of 4 mL/L, while for the shoot, 100% inhibition was observed with 4 mL/L of the EO formulation after just 96 hours. The phytotoxic effect on the leaves was highest in V. unguiculata and least in S. lycopersicum. Phototoxicity was also observed when the EO formulations were applied to the root of the seedlings of Z. mays and V. unguiculata recorded 100% distress of the seedlings when 3 mL/L of the graded concentration was used after 24 hours. EO from P. nigrum is a potential bio-herbicide with a wide spectrum of use on plants.

Phytotoxical effect of Lepidium draba L. extracts on the germination and growth of monocot (Zea mays L.) and dicot (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Kaya ◽  
Ozkan Aksakal ◽  
Serap Sunar ◽  
Filiz Aygun Erturk ◽  
Sedat Bozari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Lepidium Draba ◽  
Germination And Growth

scholarly journals Changes in Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max, Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor Raised in Soil Incorporated with the Shoots of Tithonia rotundifolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
O. J. Ilori ◽  
O. O. Otusanya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Tithonia. rotundifolia is an allelopathic weed that grows in association with cultivated crops in Nigeria. Allelopathy is a phenomenon of plant releasing allelochemicals into the environment that can inhibit or stimulate the growth of other plants and microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil incorporated with the fresh shoots of T. rotundifolia on chlorophyll and protein accumulation of Vigna unguiculata L. Glycine max L., Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L.  250 g of fresh shoots of T. rotundifolia were worked into each plot of 2 m2 dimension and the test crops were sown in the plots. Plots with no T. rotundifolia shoots were included as control plots. The experiment was performed in completely randomized block design (CRBD). The parameters measured were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b total chlorophyll and protein content. The results showed a stimulation in chlorophyll contents in the test crops except inhibition in chl b and total chlorophyll in Zea mays L. Also, there was a stimulation of protein in Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L. The study suggests that incorporation of shoots of Tithonia rotundifolia could imparts stimulatory allelopathic effects.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Androstachys johnsonii Prain on germination and growth of Zea mays L. and Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 945-958
Author(s):  
Mokgaetji Georginah Mokganya ◽  
Hadzhi Maanda Ligavha-Mbelengwa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Androstachys Johnsonii Prain ◽  
Traditional Crops

Allelopathic effects of the donor plants are mostly regarded as harmful to target plants such as traditional crops. Traditional crops play pivotal role as staple food for rural communities and hence ensuring food security. Study of the allelopathic effects of Androstachys johnsonii Prain on the germination and growth of Zea mays L. and Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc was conducted. Different plant leachates concentrations of 0.675%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5% were prepared through serial dilutions. Germination bioassays were arranged in a complete randomized setup of three replicates for each treatment for seven days. Germination rates were calculated, radicle and hypocotyl lengths were also measured. Germination rates of Z. mays L. and V. subterranea (L.) Verdc. ranged from 50 - 100% and 18 - 76%, respectively. Significant differences of P< 0.005 were noticed from the germination rates of V. subterranea (L.) Verdc subjected to high concentrations of different extracts used. Statistically there was no significant differences between germination rates of Z. mays L. treated with all concentrations of leaf leachates against germination rates of the seeds treated with distilled water. Outstandingly, the germination rate and early growth of Z. mays L. were promoted by less concentrated extracts of leaf, root, stem bark and soil which then suggest future use of allelochemicals from Androstachys johnsonii Prain for promotion of maize plant productions. Based on the beneficial attributes of allelochemicals from Androstachys johnsonii on the germination and growth of Z. mays L., planting of Androstachys johnsonii Prain in maize fields is highly recommended.

scholarly journals TIPOLOGIAS DE PRODUTORES E COMPONENTES DOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO IDENTIFICADOS NA COMUNIDADE AÇAIZAL, MONTE ALEGRE, PARÁ

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Sandy Santos da Fonseca ◽  
Roberta Rowsy Amorim de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Oriza Sativa

Este artigo objetivou identificar e caracterizar as tipologias de produtores e os componentes dos sistemas de produção desenvolvidos nas unidades produtivas da Comunidade Açaizal, localizada no município de Monte Alegre, estado do Pará. Trabalhou-se com um universo amostral de 33 famílias, deste participaram do estudo 21 famílias. Para o levantamento da diversidade de tipologias utilizou-se de formulário semiestruturado. Identificou-se seis (6) tipos de unidades de produção, sendo cinco (5) familiares e uma patronal, algumas destas subdivididas em tipos específicos. Nas unidades familiares predomina a mão de obra familiar, a pequena propriedade e a diversificação de sistemas de produção conforme o tamanho dos lotes. Os sistemas de produção operados por essas famílias são de cultivos de ciclo curto como milho (Zea mays L.), feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), arroz (Oriza sativa), mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) e perenes como pastagens, sistemas de criação de animais como bovinos, aves e suínos e sistema extrativista representado pelas áreas de mata primária e mata ciliar. Com relação às unidades patronais, predomina a criação extensiva de bovinos de corte, mão de obra contratada e mecanização do solo na formação de pastagens. O trabalho aponta para a elaboração de estratégias de acordo com as especificidades das tipologias identificadas, visando à perpetuação das atividades, a reprodução social, melhoria das técnicas de cultivos, criações e manejo do solo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agricultura Familiar, Sistema de Produção, Unidade Produtiva.

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