Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Punica Granatum and Quercus Infectoria against Penicillium Spp. and Cladosporium Spp. Mycelial Growth

Certain growth factor requirements of the cellulolytic marine ascomycete, Halosphaeria mediosetigera, in glucose – inorganic salts media, have been determined. Yeast extract, containing required nutrilites, proved superior to other empirical mixtures in the support of mycelial growth. Aqueous extracts of several varieties of wood flour could not replace yeast extract. Gulf Stream seawater was unable to provide the necessary growth factors. An absolute requirement for 5 to 10 μg thiamine per liter has been demonstrated for maximal mycelial development. Further data showed a requirement for biotin which was both partial and transient.

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Baseline Sensitivity of Penicillium spp. to Difenoconazole

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-18-0860-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 331-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wayne M. Jurick ◽

Otilia Macarisin ◽

Verneta L. Gaskins ◽

Wojciech J. Janisiewicz ◽

Kari A. Peter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

The United States ◽

Blue Mold ◽

Pome Fruit ◽

Baseline Sensitivity ◽

Single Spore ◽

Commercial Use ◽

Penicillium Spp

Penicillium spp. cause blue mold of stored pome fruit. These fungi reduce fruit quality and produce mycotoxins that are regulated for processed fruit products. Control of blue mold is achieved by fungicide application, and in 2015 Academy (active ingredients fludioxonil and difenoconazole) was released for use on pome fruit to manage postharvest blue mold. Baseline sensitivity for fludioxonil but not difenoconazole has been determined for P. expansum. To establish the distribution of sensitivity to difenoconazole before commercial use of Academy, 97 unexposed single-spore isolates from the United States and abroad were tested in vitro. Baseline EC50 values ranged from 0.038 to 0.827 µg/ml of difenoconazole with an average of 0.16 µg/ml. Complete inhibition of mycelial growth for all but three isolates occurred at 5 µg/ml of difenoconazole, whereas 10 µg/ml did not support growth for any of the isolates examined. Hence, 5 µg/ml of difenoconazole is recommended for phenotyping Penicillium spp. isolates with reduced sensitivity. Isolates with resistance to pyrimethanil and to both thiabendazole and pyrimethanil were observed among the isolates from the baseline collection. Academy applied at the labeled rate had both curative and protectant activities and controlled four representative Penicillium spp. from the baseline population. This information can be used to monitor future shifts in sensitivity to this new postharvest fungicide in Penicillium spp. populations.

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Antifungal activity using medicinal plant extracts against pathogens of coffee tree

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/1983-084x/12_155 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 539-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J.L. Silva ◽

P. E. Souza ◽

F. P. Monteiro ◽

M. L. O. Freitas ◽

M. B. Silva Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Conidial Germination ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Coffee Tree ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Etiological Agents

Generally, the medicinal plants have antifungal substances that can be used for the plant protection against phytopathogens. The objective of this study was to know the efficiency of aqueous extracts from medicinal plants against the major etiological agents of coffee tree. The aqueous extracts used were extracted from bulbs of Allium sativum, leaves of Vernonia polysphaera, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus, Cordia verbenacea, Eucalyptus citriodora, Ricinus communis, Azadirachta indica, Piper hispidinervum and flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum. The etiological agents considered for this study were Cercospora coffeicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma tarda, Rhizoctonia solani and Hemileia vastatrix. The screening for harmful extracts was done based on mycelial growth and conidial germination inhibition. All experiments performed were in vitro conditions. The inhibition of mycelial growth was performed mixing the extracts with the PDA. This mixture was poured in Petri dishes. On the center of the dishes was added one PDA disc with mycelium. It was incubated in a chamber set to 25ºC. The evaluation was done daily by measuring the mycelial growth. The germination assessment was also performed with Petri dishes containing agar-water medium at 2%. These were incubated at 25ºC for 24 hours. After this period the interruption of germination was performed using lactoglycerol. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. The most effective plant extracts against the micelial growth and conidial germination were V. polysphaera, S. aromaticum and A. sativum.

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Effectiveness of flor-de-seda and pomegranate aqueous extracts on eggs of the Heterakoidea Superfamily isolated from naturally infected japanese quails

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402121342020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Patrícia Araujo BRANDÃO ◽

David Rwbystanne Pereira da SILVA ◽

Giuliana Garcia DINIZ ◽

Vinícius Longo Ribeiro VILELA

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Similar Action ◽

Japanese Quails

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera S.W.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts on gastrointestinal nematode eggs of Japanese quails. Stool samples were collected from a herd of 5,000 adult birds raised on the floor at a commercial farm in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The samples were packed in plastic bags, kept refrigerated and transported for laboratory analysis. The eggs were placed in 2.5 ml of the suspension and 2.5 ml of flor-de-seda and pomegranate extracts in concentrations of 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25 and 3.12%. Readings were subsequently taken at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The aqueous pomegranate extract at 25 and 50% was more efficient on the larvae hatching. The flor-de-seda aqueous extract in both concentrations and evaluation periods showed similar action to that of the positive control treatment (Albendazole 10%). The pomegranate and flor-de-seda aqueous extracts have anthelmintic activity on the development of larvae in eggs of the Heterakoidea Superfamily and are therefore presented as an alternative to replace the drugs commonly used to control helminths in Japanese quails.

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Inhibition of growth and sporulation of Penicillium expansum by extracts of selected Basidiomycetes

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2000.034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 263-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Teresa Florianowicz

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Coprinus Comatus ◽

Inhibition Of Growth

A screening of antifungal activity of 33 Basidiomycetes strains was realized with their extracts. The influence of aqueous extracts of fruit-bodies of the testeded fungi after addition of spores or hyphae of Penicillium expansum on growth and sporulation of the fitopathogen in vitro was estimated. The species: Hydnum repandum L.: Fr., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kummer, Coprinus comatus (Műll Fr.) S.F. Gray, Coprinus atramentarius (Bull: Fr.) Fr. and Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr. reduced the mycelial growth and inhibited sporulation of this pathogen.

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Effects of aqueous extracts of Oxalis spp. on spore germination and mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi

Journal of Weed Science and Technology ◽

10.3719/weed.46.supplement_100 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 100-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sayaka SHIRAISHI ◽

Izumi WATANABE ◽

Katsuji KUNO ◽

Hideo ISHII ◽

Yoshiharu FUJII

Keyword(s):

Spore Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Aqueous Extracts

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Antifungal effect of the bark and root extracts of Punica granatum on oral Candida strains isolated from liver recipients

Current Medical Mycology ◽

10.18502/cmm.4.4.382 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Lavaee ◽

Darya Motaghi ◽

Amir Reza Jassbi ◽

Hadis Jafarian ◽

Fatemeh Ghasemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Oral Candida

Background and Purpose: Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans. The treatment and prophylaxis of the patients suffering from this infection require the identification of new anti-Candida agents with no side effects or toxicity like medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to compare the antifungal activities of the aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of the bark and roots of P. granatum with those of two routine antifungal agents (i.e., fluconazole and nystatin) on oral Candida strains isolated from liver transplant recipients.Materials and Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the ethanolic, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of the bark and root of Punica granatum against C. albicans and C. glabrata isolated from oral cavities were evaluated according to the CLSI M27-A3. All data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16.0) by pairwise comparison and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: The MIC50 and MIC90 values for the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the bark and root of P. granatum against C. albicans were both obtained as 0.05 mg/ml with the geometric mean (GM) of 0.07. Furthermore, the MIC90 values for the aqueous extracts of bark and root were estimated as 0.05 and 0.2 mg/ml, respectively. With regard to C. glabrata, the MIC50 and MIC90 values for the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the bark and root were 0.05 mg/ml. However, the MIC90 value for the aqueous extract against this species was obtained as 25 mg/ml. The GM values for the aqueous extracts of the bark and root were 9.49 and 0.32, respectively.Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the bark and root of Punica granatum had anti-Candida activities. Therefore, they can be considered as mouthwash or toothpaste to prevent and treat Candida infections in the oral cavity.

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Antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaves extracts

Foods and raw materials ◽

10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-329-336 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 329-336

Author(s):

Mohammed Cheurfa ◽

Mohamed Achouche ◽

Ahmed Azouzi ◽

Mariod A. Abdalbasit

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Total Polyphenols ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Dpph Test ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Punica Granatum L

Introduction. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaves in vitro, as well as to determine the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and flavonols. Study objects and methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH test using the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyle and the FRAP method, as well as by measuring total antioxidant capacity and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Results and discussion. The content of total polyphenols varied between 4.43 ± 0.3 and 12.66 ± 1.6 mg EAG/g. The highest content of flavonoids was observed in the hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum leaves (P < 0.05). The flavonol contents in the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts were 7.68 ± 0.6 and 9.20 ± 2.8 mg EQ/g, respectively. The IC50 of the antioxidant potential of the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts was 32.4 ± 1.109 and 35.12 ± 4.107 mg/mL, respectively. According to the DPPH test, the aqueous extract was the least active (IC50 = 14.15 ± 1.513 mg/mL). The highest percentage of hydrogen peroxide trapping was found in the aqueous extract (45.97 ± 6.608 %). The inhibition of α-amylase showed an IC50 of between 9.804 ± 0.67 and 19.011 ± 9.82 mg/mL in the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts, respectively. The inhibition of glucose uptake by yeast recorded a high inhibitory capacity at 50 mg/mL of glucose. Conclusion. We found that the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of P. granatum leaves extracts was due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, which is why they are effective in preventing diabetes and its complications.

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Toxicity and Resistance Potential of Selected Fungicides to Galactomyces and Penicillium spp. Causing Postharvest Fruit Decays of Citrus and Other Crops

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-11-0466 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 87-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. H. McKay ◽

H. Förster ◽

J. E. Adaskaveg

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Single Spore ◽

Ph Values ◽

Highly Active ◽

Green Mold ◽

Dmi Fungicides ◽

Ph Range ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Twofold Decrease

A diverse collection of isolates of Galactomyces citri-aurantii and G. geotrichum, the causal pathogens of sour rots of citrus and other fruit crops, respectively, was evaluated for sensitivity to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides of the triazole group. Propiconazole was found to be highly effective in reducing mycelial growth of both species in vitro. For 139 isolates of G. citri-aurantii, a mean effective concentration for 50% reduction of mycelial growth (EC50 value) of 0.34 μg/ml was determined; whereas, for 33 isolates of G. geotrichum, this value was 0.14 μg/ml. In a comparison of additional DMI fungicides, mean EC50 values for 60 isolates of G. citri-aurantii and 20 isolates of G. geotrichum, were 0.27 and 0.17 μg/ml for cyproconazole, 0.25 and 0.14 μg/ml for metconazole, and 1.16 and 0.73 μg/ml for tebuconazole, respectively. Propiconazole was also highly active against mycelial growth of imazalil-sensitive isolates of Penicillium digitatum, the pathogen that causes green mold of citrus, with a mean EC50 value of 0.008 μg/ml for 63 isolates. Imazalil-resistant isolates of this fungus were cross-resistant to propiconazole. When G. citri-aurantii and P. digitatum were grown at selected pH values between 3 and 9, inhibition by propiconazole occurred over the entire pH range. The fungicide was most effective at pH 5 when compared with the non-fungicide-amended control grown at the same pH. In laboratory mass platings of single-spore isolates sensitive to propiconazole onto selective media, isolates with an up to 81.6-fold decrease in sensitivity to the fungicide were recovered for P. digitatum. For G. geotrichum, isolates with an approximately twofold decrease in sensitivity were obtained. No isolates with reduced sensitivity were recovered for G. citri-aurantii. Propiconazole is currently being registered for postharvest use on citrus and other crops, and the information provided will be valuable in monitoring of fungicide resistance and in designing effective fungicide application strategies.

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