scholarly journals Microecology of Monogenean Gill Parasites of Tilapia Rendalli Boulenger, 1897 From Bamendjing Lake, Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
TOMBI Jeannette ◽  
TCHIEGNO Joëlle Miriane ◽  
AKOUMBA John Francis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Tilapia Rendalli ◽  
Gill Parasites

The present work aimed to study preferences for microhabitat by the monogenean gill parasites of Tilapia rendalli Boulenger, 1897. Fifty-four specimens were sampled using gill net in February 2014 at Bamendjing Lake. Each gill arch was removed and examined to both quantify the number of parasites and their distribution on the gills. This examination enabled us to find 6583 specimens of monogeneans belonging to 5 different species, Cichlidogyrus arthracanthus, C. dossoui, C. quaestio, C. tiberianus and C. tilapiae with 3708, 1708, 858, 210 and 99 individuals respectively. All species were aggregated within the host population. The spatial distribution of each parasite species was studied on different partitions of the gill arches. This study supports the hypothesis that gill site preference is a result of water flow over gills during respiration and mate finding habitat. There was no evidence of competition among the various species.

Spatial distribution of the copepod parasite Lernanthropus kroyeri on the gills of bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Copepod Parasite ◽  
Gill Parasites ◽  
External Face

Young estuarine bass of the 1976 and 1977 year classes were examined for gill parasites between February 1978 and June 1979. 344 specimens of the copepod Lernanthropus kroyeri were recovered from 177 of 289 fish. The distribution of the copepods on the gills showed clear preferences for site of attachment. With 48 such sites delineated per fish, 143 of 183 female copepods favoured a single site – the internal face of the medial sector of the posterior hemibranch of the second gill arch. 57 of 161 male copepods chose attachment to the external face of the medial sector of the anterior hemibranch of the second gill arch. Only seven copepods in all were found attached at any of the twelve possible sites on the first gill arch, and none at all at the six possible sites on the posterior hemibranch of the fourth gill arch. Explanations for the observed distribution are discussed in terms of the strength of the branchial ventilation currents over the different gills coupled with observations on the special respiratory adaptations of these parasites.

Ectoparasites of the whitespotted rabbitfish, Siganus sutor (Valenciennes, 1835) off the Kenyan Coast: distribution within the host population and site selection on the gills

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GEETS ◽  
H. COENE ◽  
F. OLLEVIER
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Site Preferences ◽  
Microhabitat Choice ◽  
Kenyan Coast ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Gill Parasites

Different populations of the whitespotted rabbitfish, Siganus sutor, were examined for ectoparasites: adults from the Mombasa area (sampled in December 1990) and different age classes (adult, subadult and juveniles) from Gazi Bay (sampled in December 1992 and August 1993). The most common gill parasites were: the monogeneans Pseudohaliotrema sp., Tetrancistrum sigani and Microcotyle mouwoi, the copepods Hatschekia sp., Pseudolepeophtheirus sp. and juvenile Caligidae, and prazina larvae of the isopod Gnathia sp. Adult siganids had a higher parasite load than subadults. Juvenile rabbitfish did not harbour any gill parasites. Temporal differences in the parasite load of subadult rabbitfish were observed for M. mouwoi (highest in the December samples) and for juvenile Caligidae (highest in August). The microhabitat of the 5 most common gill parasites was species specific. Most parasite species showed distinct site preferences with respect to both gill arches and gill sectors, within the gill arches. Niche breadth of the different gill parasite species was independent of the abundance of any of the other species present. However, niche breadths of M. mouwoi, Tetrancistrum sp. and Hatschekia sp. increased with their own abundance. This suggests that interspecific competition for space is low and that intraspecific factors could play an important role in the microhabitat choice of these gill parasites. The hypothesis that niche restriction leads to higher intraspecific contact and an enhancement of chances to mate was tested on 2 monogenean species, Pseudohaliotrema sp. and Tetrancistrum sigani. Their highly aggregated distribution over the gill filaments, leading to increased intraspecific contact, is consistent with the hypothesis.

Seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution of Cleidodiscus stentor Mueller 1937 and Ergasilus centrarchidarum Wright 1882, gill parasites of Ambloplites rupestris (Raf.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hanek ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
West Lake ◽  
Clear Preference ◽  
Anterior Side ◽  
Gill Parasites ◽  
Ambloplites Rupestris

Seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution were determined for Cleidodiscus stentor Mueller 1937 and Ergasilus centrarchidarum Wright 1822, gill parasites of Ambloplites rupestris (Raf.).Twenty-five specimens of A. rupestris from eutrophic (West Lake) and 25 specimens from oligotrophic (Glenora) habitats were examined monthly between November 1971 and October 1972.The data were analysed using a two-factor ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.High abundance levels of C. stentor and E. centrarchidarum were recorded in the two localities throughout the sampling period.Cleidodiscus stentor, the dominant parasite of A. rupestris in West Lake, reached the peak during March 1972 in West Lake and during April 1972 in Glenora. Ergasilus centrarchidarum, the dominant parasite of A. rupestris in Glenora, reached the peak during August 1972 in both localities.The anterior side of hemibranchs, their medial sections, and gill arch two were preferred sites of infection (P < 0.001) for C. stentor.Ergasilus centrarchidarum exhibited clear preference (P < 0.001) for anterior sides of hemibranchs and their dorsal and ventral sections, while its distribution over the four gill arches was fairly even.

Do different parasite species interact in their effects on host fitness? A case study on parasites of the amphipod Paracalliope fluviatilis

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. RAUQUE ◽  
R. A. PATERSON ◽  
R. POULIN ◽  
D. M. TOMPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Coitocaecum Parvum ◽  
Paracalliope Fluviatilis ◽  
Generally True

SUMMARYThere is a gap in our understanding of the relative and interactive effects of different parasite species on the same host population. Here we examine the effects of the acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus galaxii, an unidentified cyclophyllidean cestode, and the trematodes Coitocaecum parvum and Microphallus sp. on several fitness components of the amphipod Paracalliope fluviatilis, using a combination of infection surveys and both survival and behavioural trials. In addition to significant relationships between specific parasites and measures of amphipod survival, maturity, mating success and behaviour, interactions between parasite species with respect to amphipod photophilia were also significant. While infection by either A. galaxii or C. parvum was associated with increased photophilia, such increases were negated by co-infection with Microphallus sp. We hypothesize that this is due to the more subtle manipulative effect of A. galaxii and C. parvum being impaired by Microphallus sp. We conclude that the low frequency at which such double infections occur in our sampled population means that such interactions are unlikely to be important beyond the scale of the host individual. Whether or not this is generally true, implying that parasitological models and theory based on single parasite species studies do generally hold, requires cross-species meta-analytical studies.

Monogenean parasites from fishes of the Vaal Dam, Gauteng Province, South Africa. I. Winter survey versus summer survey comparison from Labeo capensis (Smith, 1841) and Labeo umbratus (Smith, 1841) hosts

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionne Crafford ◽  
Wilmien Luus-Powell ◽  
Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Active Choice ◽  
Vaal Dam ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture

AbstractIndigenous South African Labeo spp. show promise with regard to development of semi-intensive aquaculture, yet little research on their monogenean fauna has been conducted. Ecological aspects of monogenean fauna of the moggel Labeo umbratus (Smith 1841) and the Orange River mudfish Labeo capensis (Smith 1841), as recorded during both winter and summer sampling surveys, are reported here. Fish were collected using gill nets, euthanized and gills removed and examined to both quantify parasite numbers and distribution on the gills. Results obtained support the hypothesis that gill site preference is not due to active choice for a particular attachment site, but rather a result of water flow over gills during respiration in conjunction with fish behaviour and habitat use. Interaction between individual elements investigated (temperature effects, parasite population dynamics and host population dynamics) may be largely responsible for seasonal differences in infection statistics of monogenean parasites. Such interactions should be investigated in future large scale ecological studies, in combination with experimental studies, to further elucidate these effects.

Effect of Host Distribution on the Reproduction of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Average Density ◽  
General Consideration ◽  
Encarsia Formosa ◽  
Host Parasite

That insect parasites regulate and, in the case of newly introduced species, sometimes reduce the average density of insect pests has led to an exmination of the properties of parasites in general. Consideration has been given to the manner in which parasites select hosts for oviposition and to the physiological and psychological basis of this selection. The distribution of parasite progeny among suitable hosts has been analysed in many cases, for the fewer the hostS that are superparasitized for any given number of parasite eggs laid the greater the efficiency of the parasite in reducing host density. It is obvious that before the factors of host selection and superparasitism become important in host-parasite interaction the parasite must find the host individuals. When the hosts are confined to a relatively small area the potential oviposition of the parasite, subject to discrimination among hosts and restraint in oviposition, often determines the level of parasitism. As distance between individuals of the host population becomes greater, however, it is necessary for the parasite to search the environment more extensively. Therefore, the ability of the parasite to find hosts is a factor of prime importance in determining its influence on the density of its host. The success with which a parasite discovers hosts in relation to host density is determined, of course, by several characteristics of the parasite species and by the modification of these characteristics through variations in the physical environment.

Community structure of digenean parasites of sparid and labrid fishes of the Mediterranean sea: a new approach

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SASAL ◽  
N. NIQUIL ◽  
P. BARTOLI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

The aim of this work was to study the structure of the parasite communities of Digeneans of 2 families of Teleost fishes (Sparidae and Labridae) of the Mediterranean sea. We tried to quantify the importance of both the microhabitat requirements of the parasite species and the effect of host biological factors on the parasite communities. We applied, for the first time in parasite community studies, the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to analyse (i) the spatial distribution of parasite species within the digestive tract of the hosts; (ii) the host's biological factors (such as diet, host length, gregariousness and abundance) that may influence this spatial distribution of parasite species. Our results showed that potential microhabitats were vacant in the 2 host families studied revealing a lack of niche saturation because either there was little inter- and/or intraspecific competition or there were enough available space and resources within the host. Our results also indicated that the position of the parasite in the digestive tract is much more important than host biological factors for the structure of parasite community. Finally, we highlight the potential use of the CCA method for controlling for phylogenetic constraints in multi-species analyses.

scholarly journals Detection and quantification of house mouse Eimeria at the species level – challenges and solutions for the assessment of Coccidia in wildlife

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Hugo Jarquín-Díaz ◽  
Alice Balard ◽  
Jenny Jost ◽  
Julia Kraft ◽  
Mert Naci Dikmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Additional Indication ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Apicoplast Genome ◽  
Detection And Quantification

AbstractDetection and quantification of coccidia in studies of wildlife can be challenging. Therefore, the prevalence of coccidia is often not assessed at the parasite species level in non-livestock animals. Parasite species-specific prevalences are especially important when studying evolutionary questions in wild populations. We tested whether increased host population density increases the prevalence of individual Eimeria species at the farm level, as predicted by epidemiological theory. We studied free-living commensal populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus) in Germany and established a strategy to detect and quantify Eimeria infections. We show that a novel diagnostic primer targeting the apicoplast genome (Ap5) and coprological assessment after flotation provide complementary detection results increasing sensitivity. Genotyping PCRs confirm detection in a subset of samples and cross-validation of different PCR markers does not indicate a bias towards a particular parasite species in genotyping. We were able to detect double infections and to determine the preferred niche of each parasite species along the distal-proximal axis of the intestine. Parasite genotyping from tissue samples provides an additional indication for the absence of species bias in genotyping amplifications. Three Eimeria species were found infecting house mice at different prevalences: Eimeria ferrisi (16.7%; 95% CI 13.2 – 20.7), E. falciformis (4.2%; 95% CI 2.6 – 6.8) and E. vermiformis (1.9%; 95% CI 0.9 – 3.8). We also find that mice in dense populations are more likely to be infected with E. falciformis and E. ferrisi.We provide methods for the assessment of prevalences of coccidia at the species level in rodent systems. We show and discuss how such data can help to test hypotheses in ecology, evolution and epidemiology on a species level.

scholarly journals From Africa to Brazil: detection of African Oreochromis niloticus parasites in Brazilian fish farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia ◽  
Mário Luís Orsi ◽  
Ângela Teresa Silva-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Gill Parasite ◽  
Gill Parasites ◽  
Imminent Risk

Abstract Aim To evaluate the introduction of Oreochromis niloticus gill parasites in the Paranapanema River basin, northern Paraná, southern Brazil, as well as to inventory its occurrences in Brazilian fish farms and discuss the risks of transmission to native fauna. Methods The gills of 632 fish specimens from four fish farms in the Paranapanema Basin were analyzed. The parasites were collected, processed and identified according to specific procedure. Literature review was carried out to compile records of occurrence of gill parasites species in other Brazilian river basins. Results A total of seven (7) species of parasites were recorded, five (5) of the genus Cichlidogyrus, one (1) of Scutogyrus (Ancyrocephalidae, Monogenoidea) and one (1) of Lamproglena, Lamproglena monodi (Copepoda, Lernaeidae). All native from Africa. Some of these species have been reported in fish farms located in five other Brazilian watersheds. However, in this study a greater number of African gill parasite species was recorded in fish farms in northern Paraná (seven species), in the Paranapanema Basin, with Cichlidogyrus rognoni reported only for this basin. Conclusions The results confirm the introduction of these African parasites along with their host, O. niloticus, and the establishment of these species in Brazilian waters, since many specimens belonging to the species identified herein presented breeding activity for at least one period of the year. Although, only L. monodi has been recorded parasitizing Brazilian native species, data reported for other countries demonstrates the imminent risk of transmission of these O. niloticus parasites to native cichlids.

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