Innate immune responses of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) experimentally infected with acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease-causing Vibbrio parahaemolyticus

The innate immune responses of the whiteleg shrimps (Penaeus vannamei) experimentally challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion were investigated for a period of 120 h. The results showed that the lethal dose 50% (LD50) of shrimps (2 - 3 g) challenged with V. parahaemolyticus was 4.7 × 106 CFU/mL. No significant differences in immune parameters were observed between the control and challenged group right after challenge (0 hpi). However, the total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst activity were decreased in the challenged shrimps after 24 and 48 hpi and significantly different from those in the control shrimps (P < 0,05). At 72, 96 and 120 hpi, there were no significant differences in the total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst activity between two treatments. The observations of this study showed that the innate immune responses of the whiteleg shrimp were decreased due to the infection by V. parahaemolyticus.

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Contribution of respiratory burst activity to innate immune function and the effects of disease status and agent on chemiluminescence responses by ruminant phagocytes in vitro

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology ◽

10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 112 (1-2) ◽

pp. 12-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J.C. Hodgson ◽

C.A. Watkins ◽

C.W. Bayne

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

Respiratory Burst ◽

Disease Status ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Burst Activity ◽

Respiratory Burst Activity ◽

Innate Immune Function

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Leukocytes respiratory burst activity as indicator of innate immunity of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842013000200026 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 425-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

JD Biller-Takahashi ◽

LS Takahashi ◽

MV Saita ◽

RY Gimbo ◽

EC Urbinati

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Burst ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Burst Activity ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Respiratory Burst Activity ◽

Neotropical Fish ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Experimental Conditions

The present study evaluated the assay to quantify the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu as an indicator of the innate immune system, using the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) to formazan as a measure of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to assess the accuracy of the assay, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and sampled one week after challenge. The A. hydrophila infection increased the leukocyte respiratory burst activity. The protocol showed a reliable and easy assay, appropriate to determine the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu, a neotropical fish, in the present experimental conditions.

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Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard J. Stevenson ◽

Deborah Hodgson ◽

Megan J. Oaten ◽

Luba Sominsky ◽

Mehmet Mahmut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Negative Control ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Before And After ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

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