scholarly journals Efectele genetice implicate în răspunsul grăului comun la filtratul de cultură Drechslera sorokiniana (SACC.) subram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sasco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
The Mean

Helminthosporiosis caused by the fungus Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) causes significant crop and quality losses to Triticum aestivum L. in agroecological conditions with extreme humidity. Increasing the resistance is considered the most cost-effective and sustainable approach to disease control. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic effects involved in the inheritance of resistance, using the ge-netic model of character reproduction in descendants of wheat. Generations F1, F2, BCP1 and BCP2, de-scended from the mutual crossing of the parents Basarabeanca / Moldova 30 and Moldova 30 / Moldova 3 (P1 and P2) were evaluated for the response of callus characters to the action of D. sorokiniana culture filtrate on the medium Murashige Skoog. Fungal metabolites have decreased the effects of gene actions and epistatic interactions, but also their variance. The phenomenon corresponds to the decrease of callus indices. A great importance for the heredity of the character of the surface of the callus manifested the epistatic effects of additive-dominant (ad) type. In the case of callus biomass comparable to the mean val-ues were the a actions, but also the ad and dd epistatic effects. The predominant involvement of epistatic effects indicates the need for resistance selections to helminthosporiosis in late generations of wheat.

Alvena hard red spring wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Use ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Based on 38 replicated trials over 3 yr, Alvena, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) expressed significantly higher mean grain yield than the checks. It was significantly earlier maturing than AC Barrie and significantly more resistant to lodging than Katepwa. Wheat protein concentration of Alvena was similar to the mean of the checks and flour protein concentration was significantly higher than the check mean. Amylograph viscosity was significantly lower than the mean of the checks. Alvena meets the end-use quality and Canadian Grain Commission’s kernel visual distinguishability specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Alvena expressed moderate resistance to prevalent races of loose smut and stem rust, intermediate resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust and common bunt, and moderate susceptibility to fusarium head blight. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, maturity, disease resistance

scholarly journals Callus Induction and Regeneration from Germinating Mature Embryos of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-896
Author(s):  
Samih M. Tamimi ◽  
Halima Othman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wheat Callus

A high-performance protocol for callus induction was devised using germinating mature embryos of two local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces as explant. The results showed that callus development from germinating embryos was rapid starting one day after culture with an induction rate 20 to 25% higher than those of soaked embryos. In addition, the mean rate of growth of callus developed from germinating embryos was 60 to 70% higher than those cultured from soaked embryos. This study also demonstrated a higher frequency of green spots formation(48 to 56%)on callus derived from germinating embryos compared to their soaked counterpart (24 to 28%), suggesting a better differentiation potential of callus cultures derived from germinating embryo. These findings indicate that germinating mature embryo is more suitable explant for wheat callus induction and regeneration than the soaked mature embryo commonly employed for wheat callus culture.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of several bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes based on some morphological traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
NASER SABAGHNIA ◽  
MOHSEN JANMOHAMMADI ◽  
ADEL BASHIRI ◽  
REZA ASGHARI-SHIRGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The genetic diversity among 56 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was evaluated by 18 agronomical traits in the experimental field at Maragheh, Iran. Significant differences among bread wheat genotypes in all of the measured traits i.e. stem diameter, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, tiller number, internode length, peduncle length, spike length, floret number, spikelet number, grain number, length of awn, grain diameter, grain length, the number of days to flowering, thousand seed weight and grain yield. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high for grain yield (25.61%), number of tillers per plant (22.06%) and number of grains per spike (21.45). The other remaining traits recorded moderate to low CV estimates from 14.30% in grain number per spike to 4.81% in days to flowering. The largest thousand seed weight was 45.93 g, the lowest thousand seed weight was 26.16 g and the mean thousand seed weight was 37.85 g. The mean performance of grain yield was 5031.2 kg ha-1, the minimum grain yield was 2835.0 kg ha-1 and the maximum grain yield was 7125.3 kg ha-1. Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis based on squared Euclidian distance on the raw data of 18 agronomic traits clearly separated five clusters. In general, cluster analysis of the 56 genotypes based on the selected agronomic traits was consistent with known information. Our plant materials could be important germplasm resources for enriching the genetic background of commercial cultivars. Such genetic differences of bread wheat traits studied in this investigation can be applied as a new source of variation in other breeding programs and crossing nurseries in breeding program

scholarly journals Screening for Resistance to Artificial Infection by Common Bunt (Tilletia caries and Tilletia Foetida) in F2 Populations of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cristina COŢA ◽  
Constantin BOTEZ ◽  
Mircea A. GRIGORAŞ ◽  
Dana CURTICIU
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Major Resistance Gene ◽  
Tilletia Foetida

The species of Tilletia which cause common bunt of wheat (Tilletia caries and Tilletia foetida) can cause major yield losses in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). The aim of this study was to test resistance to Tilletia spp. of eight F2 populations of wheat consisting of progenies derived from resistant x susceptible crosses. Tests were carried out in the field by artificial inoculation of wheat seeds with a mixture of spores of T. caries and T. foetida. Analysis of variance for the percentage of infected plants showed that there were statistically significant differences between tested F2 progenies (between the progenies derived from crosses) regarding percentage of infection with Tilletia spp. (varying between 18.4 and 63%). The progenies of four crosses were tested comparatively using two different doses of inoculum, in order to find out the infection degree. Significant differences were observed between the bunt incidence after inoculation with the two doses. Characterization of the resistance in F2 progenies allowed us to perform a genetic analysis on the inheritance of resistance to Tilletia spp. in F2 population. The chi-square (χ2) analysis showed that inheritance of resistance to Tilletia spp. in progenies of F2 segregating populations fit a 3:1 (resistant:susceptible) ratio for the segregation of a single major resistance gene. The exception is represented by the segregation of resistance in F2 progenies of five crosses that do not fit the expected ratio of 3:1, which is possible because of the small number of plants that could be evaluated in tested population.

YIELD PERFORMANCE OF EIGHT WHEAT CULTIVARS IN TWO- AND THREE-ROW PLOTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. De PAUW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Generation Progeny ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Test

Yield performance of eight wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) was compared in two-row plots with 38 cm between rows and in three-row plots with 19 cm between rows. The cultivar × row spacing interaction was nonsignificant in each of four tests. The range of cultivar yield from two-row plots as a percentage of the mean was similar to that for cultivar yield from three-row plots. Duncan’s multiple range test was applied to yield of cultivars grown in two-row and three-row plots. The grouping of cultivar yield from two-row plots was very similar to the grouping of cultivar yield from three-row plots. The standard error of a mean and coefficient of variation were consistently lower for three-row plots than for two-row plots. The relationship between yield performance of a line in two-row plots and three-row plots was positive, such that two-row plots would be suitable for early generation progeny yield tests with final evaluation in multiple-row plots.

RECOMBINING DORMANCY AND WHITE SEED COLOR IN A SPRING WHEAT CROSS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DE PAUW ◽  
T. N. McCAIG
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sprouting Resistance

Wheat, Triticum aestivum, with white seed coat color has traditionally been considered susceptible to sprouting. A study was undertaken to recombine white seed color with resistance to sprouting. RL 4137, a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype with a long, stable dormancy period and three genes for red seed color, was hybridized with 7722, a white-seeded wheat. In both the F3 and F5 generations a positive relationship existed between red seed color and sprouting resistance (SR). The six white-seeded F3 lines exhibited a range in SR from susceptible to as resistant as some red-seeded control cultivars. The mean SR of two white-seeded F4 families was intermediate to both the red-seeded and white-seeded controls at both T0 (20% grain moisture) and T10 (T0 + 10 days). Some white-seeded F4 lines had lower sprouting at T10 than the red-seeded controls Pitic 62, Neepawa, and Glenlea. The dormancy of six white-seeded F5 families derived from F3 lines was greater than the midparent value. There were significant differences among the white-seeded F5 families for mean dormancy. The results indicate that some of the dormancy of RL 4137 has been recombined with white seed coat color. The evidence suggests that RL 4137 has a genetic mechanism for SR associated with red seed color and one or more mechanisms not associated with seed color.Key words: Triticum aestivum, dormancy, white seed color

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