Structural Urban Landscape Changes over Time Series in Gangneung-Si

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-787
Author(s):  
Jung-Hun Yeum
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Bayesian Inference of Trend and Difference-Stationarity

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 596-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. McCulloch ◽  
Ruey S. Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Model Selection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Model Discrimination ◽  
Posterior Probabilities ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Computational Difficulty ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This paper proposes a general Bayesian framework for distinguishing between trend- and difference-stationarity. Usually, in model selection, we assume that all of the data were generated by one of the models under consideration. In studying time series, however, we may be concerned that the process is changing over time, so that the preferred model changes over time as well. To handle this possibility, we compute the posterior probabilities of the competing models for each observation. This way we can see if different segments of the series behave differently with respect to the competing models. The proposed method is a generalization of the usual odds ratio for model discrimination in Bayesian inference. In application, we employ the Gibbs sampler to overcome the computational difficulty. The procedure is illustrated by a real example.

scholarly journals Adaptive Approaches Towards Better GA Performance in Dynamic Fitness Landscapes

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (487) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Hautop Lund
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Correlation Measure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Adaptive Approaches ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

We review different techniques for improving GA performance. By analysing the fitness landscape, a correlation measure between parents and offspring can be provided, and we can estimate effectively which genetic operator to use in the GA for a given fitness landscape. The response to selection equation further tells us how well the GA will do, and combining the two approaches gives us a powerful tool to automatically ensure the selection of the right parameter settings for a given problem. In dynamic environments the fitness landscape changes over time, and the evolved systems should be able to adapt to such changes. By introducing evolvable mutation rates and evolvable fitness formulae, we obtain such systems. The systems are shown to be able to adapt to both internal and external constraints and changes.

scholarly journals Investigating changes over time of annual rainfall in Zimbabwe

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2671-2679 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mazvimavi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. There is increasing concern in southern Africa about the possible decline of rainfall as a result of global warming. Some studies concluded that average rainfall in Zimbabwe had declined by 10% or 100 mm during the last 100 years. This paper investigates the validity of the assumption that rainfall is declining in Zimbabwe. Time series of annual rainfall, and total rainfall for (a) the early part of the rainy season, October-November-December (OND), and (b) the mid to end of the rainy season, January-February-March (JFM) are analysed for the presence of trends using the Mann-Kendall test, and for the decline or increase during years with either high or low rainfall using quantile regression analysis. The Pettitt test has also been utilized to examine the possible existence of change or break-points in the rainfall time series. The analysis has been done for 40 rainfall stations with records starting during the 1892–1940 period and ending in 2000, and representative of all the rainfall regions. The Mann-Kendal test did not identify a significant trend at all the 40 stations, and therefore there is no proof that the average rainfall at each of these stations has changed. Quantile regression analysis revealed a decline in annual rainfall less than the tenth percentile at only one station, and increasing of rainfall greater than the ninetieth percentile at another station. All the other stations had no changes over time in both the low and high rainfall at the annual interval. Climate change effects are therefore not yet statistically significant within time series of total seasonal and annual rainfall in Zimbabwe. The general perception about declining rainfall is likely due to the presence of multidecadal variability characterized by bunching of years with above (e.g. 1951–1958, 1973–1980) and below (e.g. 1959–1972, 1982–1994 ) average rainfall.

Landscape changes over time: comparison of land uses, boundaries and mosaics

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José José Martín ◽  
Carlos L. De Pablo ◽  
Pilar Martín De Agar
Keyword(s):  
Land Uses ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Spaces of Modernity: Ethnic Shows in Poznań, 1879–1914

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 202-232
Author(s):  
Dagnosław Demski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
German Language ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
European City ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The focus of this article is on the ethnic shows organized in Poznań, a middle-sized European city that was part of the network of German Völkerschauen between 1879 and 1914. The author places the ethnic shows in the context of modern urban experience, where the establishment of zoological garden space enabled direct interactions between actors, animals, and the audience, thus creating a distinct sensory world, a kind of enclave within an urban landscape. Based on the local press coverage, the article tracks the changes over time in how the shows evolved in form, theme, and message when covering the expanding numbers of touring groups that provided live lessons of exotic people as entertainment. A close reading of varying accounts of the Polish- and German-language press indicates that some of the described episodes were perceived differently. The article presents ethnic shows from the vantage of the rapidly transforming city at the turn of the 20th century in accordance with the economic and cultural trends operating there.

scholarly journals Evolution of Agricultural Production in Portugal during 1850–2018: A Geographical and Historical Perspective

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Viana ◽  
Dulce Freire ◽  
Patrícia Abrantes ◽  
Jorge Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Agricultural statistical data enable the detection and interpretation of the development of agriculture and the food supply situation over time, which is essential for food security evaluation in any country. Based on the historical agricultural statistics, this study produces a long spatial time-series with annual production values of three cereals relevant to global food security—wheat, maize, and rice, aiming to provide geographical and historical perspectives. Therefore, we reconstructed past and current production patterns and trends at the district level over 169 years, which supported a space–time cross-reading of the general characteristics of the regional agricultural production value distributions and relative densities in Portugal. Particularly, the production trends of wheat, maize, and rice showed three different situations: growth (maize), stability (rice), and decline (wheat). For decades, maize and wheat production alternated, depending on agricultural years and political aspects, such as the Wheat Campaign (1929–1938). The changes over time presented a pattern that, in the case of these three cereals, enabled a clear division of the country into major regions according to cereal production. Overall, maize and rice, both grown on irrigated croplands, presented a similar pattern in some regions of Portugal, mainly the central region. In this study, a preliminary analysis was presented and related to successive public policies; however, notably, there are more lessons to be learned from this long spatial time-series.

Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Urban ◽  
Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽  
Isabelle Signolet ◽  
Christophe Colas Ribas ◽  
Mathieu Feuilloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

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