Understanding changes over time in workers' compensation claim rates using time series analytical techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 837-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Moore ◽  
E. Tompa
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Compensation Claim ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Bayesian Inference of Trend and Difference-Stationarity

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 596-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. McCulloch ◽  
Ruey S. Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Model Selection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Model Discrimination ◽  
Posterior Probabilities ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Computational Difficulty ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This paper proposes a general Bayesian framework for distinguishing between trend- and difference-stationarity. Usually, in model selection, we assume that all of the data were generated by one of the models under consideration. In studying time series, however, we may be concerned that the process is changing over time, so that the preferred model changes over time as well. To handle this possibility, we compute the posterior probabilities of the competing models for each observation. This way we can see if different segments of the series behave differently with respect to the competing models. The proposed method is a generalization of the usual odds ratio for model discrimination in Bayesian inference. In application, we employ the Gibbs sampler to overcome the computational difficulty. The procedure is illustrated by a real example.

scholarly journals Hair Metabolomics in Animal Studies and Clinical Settings

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Jun Jang ◽  
Jae Yoon Choi ◽  
Byoungduck Park ◽  
Ji Hae Seo ◽  
Young Ho Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sample ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Segmental Analysis ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Xenobiotic Exposure ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Metabolomics is a powerful tool used to understand comprehensive changes in the metabolic response and to study the phenotype of an organism by instrumental analysis. It most commonly involves mass spectrometry followed by data mining and metabolite assignment. For the last few decades, hair has been used as a valuable analytical sample to investigate retrospective xenobiotic exposure as it provides a wider window of detection than other biological samples such as saliva, plasma, and urine. Hair contains functional metabolomes such as amino acids and lipids. Moreover, segmental analysis of hair based on its growth rate can provide information on metabolic changes over time. Therefore, it has great potential as a metabolomics sample to monitor chronic diseases, including drug addiction or abnormal conditions. In the current review, the latest applications of hair metabolomics in animal studies and clinical settings are highlighted. For this purpose, we review and discuss the characteristics of hair as a metabolomics sample, the analytical techniques employed in hair metabolomics and the consequence of hair metabolome alterations in recent studies. Through this, the value of hair as an alternative biological sample in metabolomics is highlighted.

Exploratory Analyses of Interindustrial Transaction Tables

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
P B Slater
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Joint Examination ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The use of exploratory data analytical techniques to measure the relative strengths of interindustrial linkages, as well as changes over time in such linkages, is illustrated through the separate and joint examination of two 8 × 8 Yugoslavian interindustry flow matrices.

scholarly journals Investigating changes over time of annual rainfall in Zimbabwe

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2671-2679 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mazvimavi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. There is increasing concern in southern Africa about the possible decline of rainfall as a result of global warming. Some studies concluded that average rainfall in Zimbabwe had declined by 10% or 100 mm during the last 100 years. This paper investigates the validity of the assumption that rainfall is declining in Zimbabwe. Time series of annual rainfall, and total rainfall for (a) the early part of the rainy season, October-November-December (OND), and (b) the mid to end of the rainy season, January-February-March (JFM) are analysed for the presence of trends using the Mann-Kendall test, and for the decline or increase during years with either high or low rainfall using quantile regression analysis. The Pettitt test has also been utilized to examine the possible existence of change or break-points in the rainfall time series. The analysis has been done for 40 rainfall stations with records starting during the 1892–1940 period and ending in 2000, and representative of all the rainfall regions. The Mann-Kendal test did not identify a significant trend at all the 40 stations, and therefore there is no proof that the average rainfall at each of these stations has changed. Quantile regression analysis revealed a decline in annual rainfall less than the tenth percentile at only one station, and increasing of rainfall greater than the ninetieth percentile at another station. All the other stations had no changes over time in both the low and high rainfall at the annual interval. Climate change effects are therefore not yet statistically significant within time series of total seasonal and annual rainfall in Zimbabwe. The general perception about declining rainfall is likely due to the presence of multidecadal variability characterized by bunching of years with above (e.g. 1951–1958, 1973–1980) and below (e.g. 1959–1972, 1982–1994 ) average rainfall.

scholarly journals Evolution of Agricultural Production in Portugal during 1850–2018: A Geographical and Historical Perspective

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Viana ◽  
Dulce Freire ◽  
Patrícia Abrantes ◽  
Jorge Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Agricultural statistical data enable the detection and interpretation of the development of agriculture and the food supply situation over time, which is essential for food security evaluation in any country. Based on the historical agricultural statistics, this study produces a long spatial time-series with annual production values of three cereals relevant to global food security—wheat, maize, and rice, aiming to provide geographical and historical perspectives. Therefore, we reconstructed past and current production patterns and trends at the district level over 169 years, which supported a space–time cross-reading of the general characteristics of the regional agricultural production value distributions and relative densities in Portugal. Particularly, the production trends of wheat, maize, and rice showed three different situations: growth (maize), stability (rice), and decline (wheat). For decades, maize and wheat production alternated, depending on agricultural years and political aspects, such as the Wheat Campaign (1929–1938). The changes over time presented a pattern that, in the case of these three cereals, enabled a clear division of the country into major regions according to cereal production. Overall, maize and rice, both grown on irrigated croplands, presented a similar pattern in some regions of Portugal, mainly the central region. In this study, a preliminary analysis was presented and related to successive public policies; however, notably, there are more lessons to be learned from this long spatial time-series.

Impairment Tutorial: Rating Facial Disfigurement After an Injury

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Marc T. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Current Work ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Facial Disfigurement ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Related Injury ◽  
Compensation Claim ◽  
Impairment Ratings

Abstract This article discusses two important cases that involve the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). First, in Vargas v Industrial Com’n of Arizona, a claimant had a pre-existing non–work-related injury to his right knee as well as a work-related injury, and the issue was apportionment of the pre-existing injury. The court held that, under Arizona's statute, the impairment from the pre-existing injury should be subtracted from the current work-related impairment. In the second case, Colorado courts addressed the issue of apportionment in a workers’ compensation claim in which the pre-existing injury was asymptomatic at the time of the work-related injury (Askey v Industrial Claim Appeals Office). In this case, the court held that the worker's benefits should not be reduced to account for an asymptomatic pre-existing condition that could not be rated accurately using the AMA Guides. The AMA Guides bases impairment ratings on anatomic or physiologic loss of function, and if an examinee presents with two or more sequential injuries and calculable impairments, the AMA Guides can be used to apportion between pre-existing and subsequent impairments. Courts often use the AMA Guides to decide statutorily determined benefits and are subject to interpretation by courts and administrative bodies whose interpretations may vary from state to state.

Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Urban ◽  
Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽  
Isabelle Signolet ◽  
Christophe Colas Ribas ◽  
Mathieu Feuilloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

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