scholarly journals What our hopes and fears tell us about our values

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Allen Alvarez ◽  
Espen Dyrnes Stabell ◽  
May Thorseth
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Value Conflicts ◽  
Population Ethics ◽  
Open Issue

This open issue of the Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics consists of four papers that discuss topics covering fetal diagnostics ethics, value conflicts in the use of artificial intelligence, abortion and population ethics.

scholarly journals An Ethical Framework for the Design, Development, Implementation, and Assessment of Drones Used in Public Healthcare

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 2867-2891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Cawthorne ◽  
Aimee Robbins-van Wynsberghe
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Ethical Guidelines

Abstract The use of drones in public healthcare is suggested as a means to improve efficiency under constrained resources and personnel. This paper begins by framing drones in healthcare as a social experiment where ethical guidelines are needed to protect those impacted while fully realizing the benefits the technology offers. Then we propose an ethical framework to facilitate the design, development, implementation, and assessment of drones used in public healthcare. Given the healthcare context, we structure the framework according to the four bioethics principles: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice, plus a fifth principle from artificial intelligence ethics: explicability. These principles are abstract which makes operationalization a challenge; therefore, we suggest an approach of translation according to a values hierarchy whereby the top-level ethical principles are translated into relevant human values within the domain. The resulting framework is an applied ethics tool that facilitates awareness of relevant ethical issues during the design, development, implementation, and assessment of drones in public healthcare.

scholarly journals Ethical guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence and the challenges from value conflicts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Søbirk Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Value Conflict ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Value Conflicts ◽  
Life Decision

The aim of this article is to articulate and critically discuss different answers to the following question: How should decision-makers deal with conflicts that arise when the values usually entailed in ethical guidelines – such as accuracy, privacy, non-discrimination and transparency – for the use of Artificial Intelligence (e.g. algorithm-based sentencing) clash with one another? To begin with, I focus on clarifying some of the general advantages of using such guidelines in an ethical analysis of the use of AI. Some disadvantages will also be presented and critically discussed. Second, I will show that we need to distinguish between three kinds of conflict that can exist for ethical guidelines used in the moral assessment of AI. This section will be followed by a critical discussion of different answers to the question of how to handle what we shall call internal and external values conflicts. Finally, I will wrap up with a critical discussion of three different strategies to resolve what is called a ‘genuine value conflict’. These strategies are: the ‘accepting the existence of irresolvable conflict’ view, the ranking view, and value monism. This article defends the ‘accepting the existence of irresolvable conflict’ view. It also argues that even though the ranking view and value monism, from a merely theoretical (or philosophical) point of view, are better equipped to solve genuine value conflicts among values in ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence, this is not the case in real-life decision-making. Keywords: AI; ethical guidelines; algorithm-based sentencing; value conflicts

The Ethics of the Ethics of AI

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Powers ◽  
Jean-Gabriel Ganascia
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Machine Ethics ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Computational Data ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Approaches

This chapter discusses several challenges for doing the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI). The challenges fall into five major categories: conceptual ambiguities within philosophy and AI scholarship; the estimation of AI risks; implementing machine ethics; epistemic issues of scientific explanation and prediction in what can be called computational data science (CDS), which includes “big data” science; and oppositional versus systemic ethics approaches. The chapter then argues that these ethical problems are not likely to yield to the “common approaches” of applied ethics. Primarily due to the transformational nature of artificial intelligence within science, engineering, and human culture, novel approaches will be needed to address the ethics of AI in the future. Moreover, serious barriers to the formalization of ethics will be needed to overcome to implement ethics in AI.

A framework for a data interest analysis of artificial intelligence

First Monday ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gry Hasselbalch
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Ethics Guidelines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ethical Governance ◽  
The Eu

This article makes a case for a data interest analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) that explores how different interests in data are empowered or disempowered by design. The article uses the EU High-Level Expert Group on AI’s Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI as an applied ethics approach to data interests with a human-centric ethical governance framework and accordingly suggests ethical questions that will help resolve conflicts between data interests in AI design

scholarly journals Emergency, Values and Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Allen Alvarez ◽  
Espen Stabell ◽  
May Thorseth
Keyword(s):  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Development Ethics ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
Family Ethics

This open issue of the Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics consists of four papers that discuss the topics covering vaccination, sustainability, development ethics research and family ethics. It also includes a book review.

Artificial Intelligence

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Poole ◽  
Alan K. Mackworth
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence
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