scholarly journals Alien amphipods (Arthopoda; Crustacea) in the Tista Estuary, Halden, southeastern Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Ingvar Spikkeland ◽  
Jens Petter Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Kiel Canal ◽  
Corophium Multisetosum

Two new amphipods for Norway Melita nitida and Corophium multisetosum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) were registered in brackish waters in the Tista Estuary in Halden, southeastern Norway. Both species were found in the samples from Tista’s outlet into the Idde Fjord, C. multisetosum in the beach zone and M. nitida at about 4 m depth. Melita nitida is a North American species first found in Europe in the Netherlands in 1998, and since then dispersed into the Baltic Sea via the Kiel Canal and now also found several places on the German Baltic Sea coast and in the Black Sea. Corophium multisetosum was collected even before the 1920s in Western Europe, and is considered native for Europe, whereas its relationship to North America is more ambiguous. From the British Isles and the Netherlands, it seems to have spread to Germany, Poland, Denmark and Sweden, and at present Norway. Until now the two species were found in small numbers at the Norwegian sites and their influence on the total benthic community is probably negligible in this initial phase. The Tista Estuary in Halden apparently appears to be a hotspot for alien brackish water species in Norway. Generally estuaries, with their combination of brackish water jointly with their unsaturated ecological niches and intensive international ship traffic, seem to possess the highest potential infection rate for aquatic systems with alien acrozoobenthic species.

Parasitism at the ecosystem level in the Baltic Sea

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. ZANDER ◽  
L. W. REIMER
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
The Baltic

The Baltic Sea is characterized by organisms that can tolerate brackish water. Because of the Sea's history during glacial times, its flora and fauna (and also their parasites) can be traced to marine, freshwater and genuine brackish elements beside glacial relics. Snails, planktonic copepods, benthic amphipods and isopods are important intermediate hosts of diverse helminths; in addition polychaetes, bivalves and fishes may also act as final hosts. The most important final hosts, beside fishes, were seals and birds; these were able to disperse the parasites over the whole of the Baltic. Decreasing salinity from west to east limits the distribution of many parasites. Several marine and genuine brackish water species have almost spread over the whole Baltic. Freshwater species, however, have a lower tolerance than marine species and are only rarely found in the western part. A serious problem in the Baltic is eutrophication which can lead to massive abundances of generalist parasites, in host populations as well as host individuals. The final stage of this influence can cause a general decrease of host abundance and, as a consequence, of all kinds of parasites, due to oxygen deficiency. In comparison with the species spectrum of other brackish waters in Europe, the Baltic presents some endemic parasites as well as sharing parasite species with the Mediterranean and even the Black Sea.

scholarly journals Effects of ship emissions on air quality in the Baltic Sea region simulated with three different chemistry transport models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Karl ◽  
Jan Eiof Jonson ◽  
Andreas Uppstu ◽  
Armin Aulinger ◽  
Marja Prank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is highly frequented shipping area with busy shipping lanes close to densely populated regions. Exhaust emissions from ship traffic into the atmosphere are not only enhancing air pollution, they also affect the Baltic Sea environment through acidification and eutrophication of marine waters and surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. As part of the European BONUS project SHEBA (Sustainable Shipping and Environment of the Baltic Sea Region), the transport, chemical transformation and fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Baltic Sea region was simulated with three regional chemistry transport models (CTM) systems, CMAQ, EMEP/MSC-W and SILAM with grid resolutions between 4 km and 11 km. The main goal was to quantify the effect that shipping emissions have on the regional air quality in the Baltic Sea region when the same shipping emissions dataset but different CTMs in their typical setups are used. The performance of these models and the shipping contribution to the results of the individual models was evaluated for sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5). Model results from the three CTMs were compared to observations from rural and urban background stations of the AirBase monitoring network in the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea region. The performance of the three CTM systems to predict pollutant concentrations is similar. However, observed PM2.5 in summer was underestimated strongly by CMAQ and to some extent by EMEP/MSC-W. The spatial average of annual mean O3 in the EMEP/MSC-W simulation is 15–25 % higher compared to the other two simulations, which is mainly the consequence of using a different set of boundary conditions for the European model domain. There are significant differences in the calculated ship contributions to the levels of air pollutants among the three models. SILAM predicted a much weaker ozone depletion through NO emissions in the proximity of the main shipping routes than the other two models. In the entire Baltic Sea region the average contribution of ships to PM2.5 levels is in the range of 4.3–6.5 % for the three CTMs. Differences in ship-related PM2.5 between the models are mainly attributed to differences in the schemes for inorganic aerosol formation. Inspection of the ship-related elemental carbon (EC) revealed that assumptions about the vertical ship emission profile can affect the dispersion and abundance of ship-related pollutants in the near-ground atmosphere. The models are in agreement regarding the ship-related deposition of oxidised nitrogen, reporting a ship contribution in the range of 21–23 ktN y−1 as atmospheric input to the Baltic Sea. Results from the present study show the sensitivity of the ship contribution to combined uncertainties of boundary conditions, meteorological data and aerosol formation and deposition schemes. This is an important step towards a more reliable evaluation of policy options regarding emission regulations for ship traffic and the planned introduction of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in 2021.

The selected hydrotechnical conditions of the Dnieper – Bug Channel and the Pripyat River in the development of the International Waterway E40

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Marcin Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Inland Waterway ◽  
The Baltic

International waterway E40 (MDW E40) is included in the network of inland waterways of transnational importance. It is a link between two areas: the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. E40 route runs through three countries: Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. The article presents the results of the study on the analysis of two very important sections of the MDW E40 on the Belarusian section, it is:. the Dnieper – Bug Channel and the Pripy River. Both elements from the point of view of navigability are the most important links throughout the Belarusian section of the waterway. This article will be useful for the development of plans for revitalization of the international waterway E40 not only on the Belarus part, but also in Poland and Ukraine. Due to the accession and signature by Poland of the AGN Convention in January 2017, the article can be a material to supporting state policy in the context of the development of the inland waterway system in Poland and Europe.

Russian A2/AD systems will undermine NATO credibility

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Baltic

Significance The emergence of Russian A2/AD zones in the High North, the Baltic Sea, the eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea impacts NATO's ability to operate in key regions of interest to the alliance, and could threaten NATO's ability to reinforce its allies in a crisis or during wartime. Impacts Russian A2/AD will drive NATO requirements for specific capabilities, including electronic warfare and stealthier systems. Georgia and Moldova will watch NATO's engagement with its eastern members closely for strong commitments. Covert Russian operations in the Baltic states form a more realistic scenario than overt military intervention.

Assessment of emerging and traditional halogenated contaminants in Guillemot (Uria aalge) egg from North-Western Europe and the Baltic Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 407 (13) ◽  
pp. 4174-4183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrönn Jörundsdóttir ◽  
Anders Bignert ◽  
Jörundur Svavarsson ◽  
Torgeir Nygård ◽  
Pál Weihe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in the period 1995–2006

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 10057-10069 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bartnicki ◽  
V. S. Semeena ◽  
H. Fagerli
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin

Abstract. The EMEP/MSC-W model has been used to compute atmospheric nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin for the period of 12 yr: 1995–2006. The level of annual total nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin has changed from 230 Gg N in 1995 to 199 Gg N in 2006, decreasing 13 %. This value corresponds well with the total nitrogen emission reduction (11 %) in the HELCOM Contracting Parties. However, inter-annual variability of nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea basin is relatively large, ranging from −13 % to +17 % of the averaged value. It is mainly caused by the changing meteorological conditions and especially precipitation in the considered period. The calculated monthly deposition pattern is similar for most of the years showing maxima in the autumn months October and November. The source allocation budget for atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea basin was calculated for each year of the period 1997–2006. The main emission sources contributing to total nitrogen deposition are: Germany 18–22 %, Poland 11–13 % and Denmark 8–11 %. There is also a significant contribution from distant sources like the United Kingdom 6–9 %, as well as from the international ship traffic on the Baltic Sea 4–5 %.

scholarly journals Chara baltica (Charophyceae, Charales) from the Black Sea Region and Taxonomic Implications of Extrastipulodes

Botanica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Roman Romanov ◽  
Daria Korolesova ◽  
Dmitry Afanasyev ◽  
Liubov Zhakova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractChara baltica (Hartm.) Bruz. was found in the bays of the northern part of the Black Sea as a result of our joint efforts for clarification of some charophyte species from the region. The species was reported new to Ukraine. This is the first reliable record of this species in the Black Sea Region and Russia. In the studied populations, C. baltica had a variable arrangement of stipulodes because of the presence of extrastipulodes as a common trait. The morphology of the specimens studied may suggest a possible explanation of old uncheckable regional records of C. horrida Wahlst., species known from the Baltic Sea only. The worldwide range of C. baltica was summarised with a map according to the published records, GBIF data and some checked specimens. It highlighted the records, which need to be confirmed. The presence of extrastipulodes in the specimen studied, as well as the indication and illustration of some species of charophytes, allowed to suggest several additions to the terminology of charophyte morphology useful for further studies. Their application was demonstrated with the specimens studied and the illustrations published elsewhere.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial Akinete Distribution, Viability, and Cyanotoxin Records in Sediment Archives From the Northern Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffaney M. Wood ◽  
Anke Kremp ◽  
Henna Savela ◽  
Sultana Akter ◽  
Vesa-Pekka Vartti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Germination Experiments ◽  
Sediment Layers

Cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales, including Baltic Sea bloom-forming taxa Nodularia spumigena, Aphanizomenon flosaquae, and Dolichospermum spp., produce resting stages, known as akinetes, under unfavorable conditions. These akinetes can persist in the sediment and germinate if favorable conditions return, simultaneously representing past blooms and possibly contributing to future bloom formation. The present study characterized cyanobacterial akinete survival, germination, and potential cyanotoxin production in brackish water sediment archives from coastal and open Gulf of Finland in order to understand recent bloom expansion, akinete persistence, and cyanobacteria life cycles in the northern Baltic Sea. Results showed that cyanobacterial akinetes can persist in and germinate from Northern Baltic Sea sediment up to >40 and >400 years old, at coastal and open-sea locations, respectively. Akinete abundance and viability decreased with age and depth of vertical sediment layers. The detection of potential microcystin and nodularin production from akinetes was minimal and restricted to the surface sediment layers. Phylogenetic analysis of culturable cyanobacteria from the coastal sediment core indicated that most strains likely belonged to the benthic genus Anabaena. Potentially planktonic species of Dolichospermum could only be revived from the near-surface layers of the sediment, corresponding to an estimated age of 1–3 years. Results of germination experiments supported the notion that akinetes do not play an equally significant role in the life cycles of all bloom-forming cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. Overall, there was minimal congruence between akinete abundance, cyanotoxin concentration, and the presence of cyanotoxin biosynthetic genes in either sediment core. Further research is recommended to accurately detect and quantify akinetes and cyanotoxin genes from brackish water sediment samples in order to further describe species-specific benthic archives of cyanobacteria.

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