Diagnosis of shoulder instability in dogs and cats: a retrospective study

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Bardet
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Glenohumeral Instability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arthroscopic Findings ◽  
Stability Results

The glenohumeral joint is a remarkable articulation providing the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. Glenohumeral stability results from several mechanisms, including those that do not require expenditure of energy by muscle ("passive mechanisms") and those that do ("active mechanisms"). Glenohumeral instability has been recognized in 47 shoulders of 45 dogs and one cat. Cases are presented because of chronic foreleg lameness. Shoulder joint pain is obviated by the orthopedic examination. Only 57% of the involved shoulders presented with degenerative joint disease. Signs of instability are recognized under anesthesia using a craniocaudal or mediolateral drawer sign or both. This report describes the radiographic and arthroscopic findings of shoulder instability. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint allows identification of all intra-articular pathologies. Shoulder instability, not fully recognized in the past, appears to be the most common cause of shoulder lameness in the dog.

scholarly journals Analgesic effect of intra-articular ropivacaine injection after arthroscopic surgery on the shoulder joint in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Kim ◽  
S.H. Seok ◽  
T.Y. Park ◽  
H.J. Kim ◽  
S.W. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Joint Disease

Shoulder joint disorders are a major cause of forelimb lameness in dogs, and osteochondrosis, degenerative joint disease, and bicipital tenosynovitis are common joint disorders that have been reported in dogs. Many studies have investigated pain management after arthroscopy in human medicine, but reports from veterinary medicine are rare. Ropivacaine is a new amide local anaesthetic drug and a single isomer drug that is used more widely than bupivacaine in human medicine because it has fewer side effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic effect of intra-articular injection of ropivacaine after arthroscopic surgery in dog shoulder joints. To accomplish this, ten dogs were randomly divided into two groups of five who underwent the same anaesthesia protocol and shoulder arthroscopic examination. After shoulder arthroscopy, ropivacaine or 0.9% NaCl was injected into the shoulder joint cavity and the dogs were evaluated at one hour, two hours, four hours, six hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after surgery. The evaluated parameters were heart rate, respiratory rate, lameness score, visual analogue scale and the short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale. Ropivacaine showed a higher analgesic effect than 0.9% NaCl, indicating that it may be useful for pain management following arthroscopic surgery in dogs.

Curcumin as adjuvant therapy to Meloxicam in treatment of patients with knee Osteoarthritis; Evaluation of antioxidant activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Oxford Knee Score ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that doubled in prevalence since the mid of 20th century most commonly due to obesity and aging. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body. The pathogenesis of OA is multifactorial influenced by range of biochemical and mechanical factors. Oxidative stress is described to play an important role in many diseases including OA. Accumulating evidences suggested the beneficial effect of anti-oxidants for reducing OA severity. Curcumin is a well-known antioxidant agent that acts by different mechanisms in modulating oxidative stress status. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of curcumin as adjuvent therapy to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, meloxicam, in the management of knee osteoarthritis. This prospective open-labelled randomized controlled study was carried out on forty-two eligible patients who were allocated in two groups, serum superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured at baseline and after 3 months of the study. Pain and physical function assessment were evaluated by oxford knee score (OKS). Results illustrated highly significant improvement in pain and physical function scores when curcumin used as adjuvant to meloxicam, also curcumin supplementation resulted in significant increase in SOD3 serum level and only a modest decrease in GR serum level when compared to meloxicam alone. In conclusion, this study demonstrated benefit of curcumin when used in combination with meloxicam over using meloxicam alone in modulating antioxidant parameters in blood, in addition to significantly improving pain and physical function after 3 months of treatment.

scholarly journals Arthroscopic Findings in Anterior Shoulder Instability

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hantes ◽  
Vasilios Raoulis
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Arthroscopic Treatment ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Shoulder Anatomy ◽  
Arthroscopic Findings ◽  
Anatomic Variants

Background:In the last years, basic research and arthroscopic surgery, have improved our understanding of shoulder anatomy and pathology. It is a fact that arthroscopic treatment of shoulder instability has evolved considerably over the past decades. The aim of this paper is to present the variety of pathologies that should be identified and treated during shoulder arthroscopy when dealing with anterior shoulder instability cases.Methods:A review of the current literature regarding arthroscopic shoulder anatomy, anatomic variants, and arthroscopic findings in anterior shoulder instability, is presented. In addition, correlation of arthroscopic findings with physical examination and advanced imaging (CT and MRI) in order to improve our understanding in anterior shoulder instability pathology is discussed.Results:Shoulder instability represents a broad spectrum of disease and a thorough understanding of the pathoanatomy is the key for a successful treatment of the unstable shoulder. Patients can have a variety of pathologies concomitant with a traditional Bankart lesion, such as injuries of the glenoid (bony Bankart), injuries of the glenoid labrum, superiorly (SLAP) or anteroinferiorly (e.g. anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion, and Perthes), capsular lesions (humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament), and accompanying osseous-cartilage lesions (Hill-Sachs, glenolabral articular disruption). Shoulder arthroscopy allows for a detailed visualization and a dynamic examination of all anatomic structures, identification of pathologic findings, and treatment of all concomitant lesions.Conclusion:Surgeons must be well prepared and understanding the normal anatomy of the glenohumeral joint, including its anatomic variants to seek for the possible pathologic lesions in anterior shoulder instability during shoulder arthroscopy. Patient selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, and implants available have contributed to the enhancement of clinical and functional outcomes to the point that arthroscopic treatment is considered nowadays the standard of care.

scholarly journals Correlation of MRI and Arthroscopic Findings With Clinical Outcome in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobbe Vervaeke ◽  
Pieter-Jan Verhelst ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
Bodil Lund ◽  
Daniel Benchimol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Arthroscopic Findings ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract Background: Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool and treatment strategy in patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMD) when conservative treatment fails. This study aimed to find specific variables on pre-operative MRI or during arthroscopy that could predict success of arthroscopic lysis and lavage.Methods: This retrospective analysis compared pre-operative maximum interincisal opening (MIO), pain and main complaint (pain, limited MIO or joint sounds) with results at short-term and medium-term follow-up (ST and MT respectively). Different variables scored on MRI or arthroscopy were used to make a stepwise regression model, subsequently a combined analysis was conducted using variables from both MRI and arthroscopy.Results: A total of 47 patients (50 joints) met the inclusion criteria. The main complaint improved by 62% and 53% at ST and MT respectively. The absolute or probable absence of a crumpled disc scored on MRI predicted success at ST and MT (p=0.0112 and p=0.0054), and remained significant at MT in the combined analysis (p=0.0078). Arthroscopic findings of degenerative joint disease predicted success at ST (p=0.0178), absolute or probable absence of discal reduction scored during arthroscopy significantly predicted success in the combined analysis at ST (p=0.0474).Conclusion: To improve selection criteria for patients undergoing an arthroscopic lysis and lavage of the TMJ, future research might focus on variables visualized on MRI. Although more research is needed, disc shape and in particular the absolute or probable absence of a crumpled disc might be used as predictive variable for success.

scholarly journals Stromal cell-derived factor-1 as a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204062231988253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bragg ◽  
William Gilbert ◽  
Ahmed M. Elmansi ◽  
Carlos M. Isales ◽  
Mark W. Hamrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor

With age, joints become subject to chronic inflammatory processes that lead to degeneration of articular cartilage. Although multifactorial, cytokines have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of these chronic disease states. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that has been shown to be active in homeostatic mechanisms and developmental processes throughout the body, such as endochondral bone formation. SDF-1 plays a role in the transition from cartilage to bone. Although it has been shown to be a factor in normal development, it has also been shown to involve in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). In RA, SDF-1 has been shown to stimulate the recruitment of proinflammatory cells, as well as osteoclasts to the synovium, aiding in the facilitation of synovial degradation. Similarly, in OA, SDF-1 has been shown to regulate key proteins involved in the degradation of the cartilage of the joint. Because of its role in degenerative joint disease, SDF-1 has been investigated as a potential therapeutic target. Animal studies have been employing SDF-1 inhibitors, such as AMD3100 and T140, to study their effects on attenuating degenerative joint disease. These studies have shown promising results in slowing the progression of cartilage degradation and could potentially be used as therapeutic target for humans OA and RA.

scholarly journals Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Unstable Shoulder

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cuéllar ◽  
Miguel Angel Ruiz-Ibán ◽  
Adrián Cuéllar
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Glenohumeral Instability ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Bony Anatomy ◽  
Evidence Grade ◽  
And Function ◽  
Published Research

Purpose:To review the anatomy of the shoulder joint and of the physiology of glenohumeral stability is essential to manage correctly shoulder instability.Methods:It was reviewed a large number of recently published research studies related to the shoulder instability that received a higher Level of Evidence grade.Results:It is reviewed the bony anatomy, the anatomy and function of the ligaments that act on this joint, the physiology and physiopathology of glenohumeral instability and the therapeutic implications of the injured structures.Conclusion:This knowledge allows the surgeon to evaluate the possible causes of instability, to assess which are the structures that must be reconstructed and to decide which surgical technique must be performed.

scholarly journals Rotator interval closure: inconsistent techniques and its association with anterior instability. A literature review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Nizarali Karovalia ◽  
David J. Collett ◽  
Desmond Bokor
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Rotator Interval ◽  
Anterior Instability ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Glenohumeral Instability ◽  
Shoulder Stabilization ◽  
Anterior Glenohumeral Instability

The Rotator interval (RI) is an anatomic space in the anterosuperior part of the glenohumeral joint. An incompetent or lax RI has been implicated in various conditions of shoulder instability and therefore RI has been frequently touted as an area that is important in preserving stability of the shoulder. Biomechanical studies have shown that repair of RI ligamentous and capsular structures decreases glenohumeral joint laxity in various directions. Clinical studies have reported successful outcomes after repair or plication of these structures in patients undergoing shoulder stabilization procedures. Although varieties of methods have been described for its closure, the optimal surgical technique is unclear with various inconsistencies in incorporation of the closure tissue. This in particular makes the analysis of the RI closure very difficult. The purposes of this study is to review the structures of the RI and their contribution to shoulder instability, to discuss the biomechanical and clinical effects of plication of RI structures in particular to anterior glenohumeral instability, to delineate the differences between an arthroscopic and open RI closure. Additionally, we have proposed a new classification system describing various techniques used during RI closure.

scholarly journals REVIEW ARTICLE ON AYURVEDIC APPROACH SANDHIGAT VATA W.S.R. TO OSTEOARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1882-1887
Author(s):  
Tanmane C. S. ◽  
Akram Yusuf Khan
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Joint Problem ◽  
Modern Era

Ayurveda the science of life, healthy and higher longevity are always desirable from it. In today's modern era due to atmosphere, lack of proper healthy diet, travelling and old age etc. metabolic and degenerative disease of connective tissue and the joint problem is quite affluent, and the disease occurrence starts early. Sandhi- gatavata (Osteoarthritis) is a disease due to vitiated Vata in various Sandhi or joints in the body. It is de- scribed under Vatavyadhi in almost every literature of Ayurveda. Clinically the description of Sandhigata Vata explained in theclassical texts is like the condition osteoarthritis in modern science. Sandhigata Vata is described under Vatavyadhi in all the Samhitas and Sangraha Granthas. Ayurveda highlighted degenerative diseases under the concepts like “Dhatu Saithilyam” and “Dhatu Kshayam”. Sandhigata Vata is one such disease, which needs a specific target of therapeutic intervention to check or slow down the process of “Dhatu Kshaya” and to pacify Vata. Sandhigatavata may be correlated with degenerative joint disease or Osteoarthritis, which in turn cripples the patient to the maximum, extends and reduces the total working ca- pacity of the person. It limits everyday activities such as walking, dressing, bathing etc., thus making indi- viduals handicapped. Keywords: Sandhigatavata, Osteoarthritis, Joint, Vata Vyadhi.

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