Diagnostic Accuracy of Sonomammography in Diagnosis of BIRADS 4 Suspicious Breast Lesions Keeping Histopathology as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2772-2775
Author(s):  
Anam Manzoor ◽  
Iqra Rafique ◽  
Sana Naseer
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Malignant Breast

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in diagnosis of BIRADS ≥4 suspicious breast lesions taking histopathology as gold standard. Design of the Study: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Department Of Diagnostic Radiology And Diagnostic Imaging Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from January 2017 to June 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 190 patients of age 30-70 years, presenting with palpable breast lesions with BIRAD ≥4 undergoing biopsy under local anesthesia were included. Patients with already diagnosed with breast cancer and recurrent breast lesion were excluded. Then all patients were undergone USG by using a high-resolution unit (PLM703AT) with a linear array probe centered at 7, 5 MHz, along with mammography using mamomet 3000 NOVA SIEMENS, General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee. Patients were labeled as positive or negative. Sonomammography findings were correlated with histopathological findings. Results of the Study: In 117 sonomammography positive patients, 107 (True Positive) had malignant breast lesions and 08 (False Positive) had benign on histopathology findings. Among, 75 sonomammography negative patients, 06 (False Negative) had malignant breast lesions on histopathology whereas 69 (True Negative) had benign lesions on histopathology. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in diagnosis of BIRADS ≥4 suspicious breast lesions taking histopathology as gold standard was 94.69%, 89.61%, 93.04%, 92.0% and 92.63% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in diagnosis of BIRADS ≥4 suspicious breast lesions is quite high. Keywords: Breast lesions, malignant, sonomammography, sensitivity.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for Detection of AT by Taking Surgical Findings as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3093-3095
Author(s):  
Iqra Rafique ◽  
Anam Manzoor ◽  
Sana Naseer
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Standard Design

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detection of Achilles tendinopathy by taking surgical findings as gold standard. Design of the Study: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Department Of Diagnostic Radiology And Diagnostic Imaging Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from 23rd December 2017 to 22nd June 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 70 patients of age 20-70 years, of either gender presenting with severe pain and swelling in area of Achilles tendon were included. Patients with heel pain having concurrent heel ulcer, eczematous changes or calcaneal fractures, muscular dystrophy and previous surgery were excluded. All the patients were then underwent ultrasonography and findings were noted for presence or absence of Achilles tendinopathy. Each Ultrasonographic finding were compared with surgical findings. Results of the Study: Mean age was 41.24 ± 10.34 years. Out of these 70 patients, 46 (65.71%) were male and 24 (34.29%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.9:1. In USG positive patients, 40 (True Positive) had Achilles tendinopathy and 04 (False Positive) had no Achilles tendinopathy on surgical findings. Among, 26 USG negative patients, 03 (False Negative) had Achilles tendinopathy on surgical findings whereas 23 (True Negative) had no Achilles tendinopathy on surgical findings. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detection of Achilles tendinopathy by taking surgical findings as gold standard was 93.02%, 85.19%, 90.91%, 88.46% and 90.0% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detection of Achilles tendinopathy is quite high. Keywords: Achilles tendinopathy, ultrasonography, sensitivity.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF 99 MTC LABELLED UBIQUICIDIN (29-41) SPECT/CT FOR DIAGNOSIS OF OSTEOMYELITIS IN DIABETIC FOOT

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atif ◽  
Fida Hussain ◽  
Zaigham Salim Dar ◽  
Jameela Khatoon ◽  
Saadia Ajmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc labelled Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT for detection of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot patients by taking bone biopsy as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Nuclear Medical Centre, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, from Apr 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: Study assessed 122 patients of both genders, aged between 30-80 years (mean age=55.3 years), presenting with diabetic foot ulcers having suspicion of osteomyelitis, by 99mTc-Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT followed by bone biopsy (histopathology and culture) taken as gold standard. Results: Among 122 patients [94 male (77%) and 28 female (23%)], osteomyelitis was histopathologically confirmed in 113 patients. 107 out of these patients were positive for osteomyelitis on 99mTc-UBI (29-41) SPECT/CT (true positives) while 6 were false negative. Out of 9 patients declared negative for osteomyelitis on histopathology and culture, 8 were negative on 99mTc-UBI (29-41) SPECT/CT as well (true negative) while only 1 case came out to be positive (false positive). Thus, the 99mTc-UBI (29-41) scan showed 94.6% sensitivity, 88.89% specificity, 99% positive predictive value, 57% negative predictive value with overall 94.2% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: 99mTc labelled Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT scan can precisely localize infective focus, in diabetic foot osteomyelitis, with simultaneous discrimination between bone and soft tissues.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Morbidly Adherent Placenta, Taking Intra-Operative Findings as Gold Standard

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anum Yousaf ◽  
Misbah Durrani ◽  
Khoala Riaz ◽  
Ume Kalsoom ◽  
Hassan Parvez
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
False Negative ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Morbidly Adherent Placenta ◽  
Adherent Placenta ◽  
Operative Findings

Objective: Various imaging modalities can be employed for the placenta accreta diagnosis like USG and MRI, however, their exact diagnostic accuracy is yet to be established. This study was conducted for determining the accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosing morbidly adherent placenta in women with a previous scar, taking the per-operative findings as gold standard. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at department of Radiology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi from 6th January 2019 to 5th July 2019. Using non-probability purposive sampling 118 pregnant women with single pregnancy of age 18-40 years were included. Both grey scale and color doppler findings of ultrasound were employed for ascertaining presence or absence of morbidly adherent placenta. Per-operative findings of all patients who underwent cesarean section afterwards in their respective wards were registered. The findings of USG were then compared with the per-operative observations. Results: Among patients in whom USG findings were of morbidly adherent placenta, 60 were true positive while 05 were false positive, whereas, in the patients with no evidence of morbidly adherent placenta on USG, 03 were false negative while 50 were true negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of USG in diagnosing morbidly adherent placenta in previous scar women, taking per -operative findings as gold standard was 95.24%, 90.91%, 92.31%, 94.34% and 93.22% respectively. Conclusion: It can be inferred from our study that USG is a very sensitive and accurate non-invasive imaging technique for the diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta. Keywords: morbidly adherent placenta, ultrasonography, sensitivity. How to cite: Yousaf A., Durrani M., Riaz K., Kalsoom U., Parvez H. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosing morbidly adherent placenta, taking intra-operative findings as gold standard. Esculapio. 2021; 17(01): 71-74

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of TI-RADS classification in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules-a study from Southern Punjab, Pakistan

BioMedica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sumera Nighat ◽  
Mahwish Zahra ◽  
Azhar Mahmood Javed ◽  
Shabbir Ahmad ◽  
Sadia Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Local Population ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) is developed to determine the risk of malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of TI-RADS classification for diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules taking Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a gold standard in the local population.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In this cross-sectional validation study, 201 patients presenting with thyroid nodules at the Department of Radiology, Bakhtawar Amin Hospital Multan, Pakistan from July 2020 to December 2020 were included. In all patients, thyroid nodules were evaluated on grey scale (B-mode) modality. TI-RADS score was calculated for each patient. Patients with TI-RADS score 4 and 5 were labelled as having malignant nodules. After that FNAC samples were taken and sent for histopathologic evaluation of thyroid nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of TI-RADS taking FNAC as a gold standard were determined.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the patients was 47.8 &plusmn; 4.5 years; there were 129 (67.2%) women and 72 (35.82%) men. There were 42 patients who tested true positive and 36 patients tested false positive and 12 patients were false negative and 111 patients true negative. The TIRADS sensitivity was 77.8%, specificity was 75.5%, PPV was 53.8%, and NPV 90.2%. the diagnostic accuracy was 76.1%.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differentiating benign thyroid nodules from malignant using the TI-RADS score has a high diagnostic accuracy. Our study results support the TIRADS as a first-line imaging evaluation for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy.</p>

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Diagnosing Malignant Breast Lesions Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1847-1849
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Jawad Ali Memon ◽  
Muhammad Sibtain Shah ◽  
Hafeez ur Rehman ◽  
Tahir Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Malignant Breast

Background and Aims: Breast cancer is the prime cause of mortality among women of both developing and developed world. Out of 34.6% of female cancer patients, malignant breast cancer being the most common cancer found in Pakistan. The current study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosing malignant breast lesions taking histopathology as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 135 female patients with suspicious palpable lesions for malignancy referred from surgical OPD of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro during the period from October 2020 to March 2021. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) dynamic enhanced images taken with contrast on 1.5 Tesla MRI machines were assessed based on kinetic and morphology. Malignancy biomarker was assessed with choline peak (Cho) allowed by MRS. The Single-voxel technique was utilized in order to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRS in breast lesions malignancy. A comparison was made between MRS and biopsy findings. Results: Out of 135 female patients, 118 (87.40%) were malignant lesions patients assessed by MRS while histopathologically proven patients were 104 (77.33%). The calculated mean age of all the malignant patients was 48.3 ± 14.5 years with a range of 40-79 years. The diagnostic parameters of MRS such as specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) was 74%, 88.2%, 93%, 77.8%, and 93.1% respectively while taking histopathology as a gold standard. Conclusion: MRS must be utilized as a primary imaging technique for the diagnosis of breast lesions malignancy due to its higher specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy in breast lumps characterization. MRS was found to be specific 74%, sensitive 88.2%, and accurate 93% in malignant breast cancer diagnosis. Keywords: MRS, Malignant breast lesions, Histopathology

scholarly journals To determine the diagnostic accuracy of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index in detecting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients by using histopathology as gold standard.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1166-1171
Author(s):  
Mahwish Yasin ◽  
◽  
Huma Muzaffar ◽  
M Ahmed Zamir ◽  
Talha Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
False Negative ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Significant Fibrosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Objective: The objective of the study was to: determine the diagnostic accuracy of AST to platelet ratio index in detecting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients by using histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Settings: Department of Medicine, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 1st Oct 2017 to March 2018. Results: In this study, out of 158 cases, 48.73%(n=77) were between 25-40 years while 51.27%(n=81) were between 41-60 years, mean+SD was calculated as 40.94+9.10 years, 55.06%(n=87) were male and 44.94%(n=71) were females, mean AST and platelet count was calculated as 1.68+0.54 and 191.0+43.75, frequency of significant fibroids in chronic hepatitis C patients by using histopathology as gold standard reveals as 53.16%(n=84) while 46.84%(n=74) had no findings of this morbidity. The diagnostic accuracy of AST to platelet ratio index in detecting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients by using histopathology as gold standard was recorded which shows 51.27%(n=81) as true positive, 2.53%(n=4) false positive, 1.89%(n=3) false negative and 44.31%(n=70) were recorded as true negative, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate was computed as 96.43%, 94.59%, 95.29%, 95.89% and 95.57% respectively. Conclusion: The results of the study reveal that diagnostic accuracy of AST to platelet ratio for detection of significant fibrosis in chronic Hepatitis C patients was satisfactory and it may be used for the avoidance of invasive liver biopsy to initiate the antiviral therapy in these patients.

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRC in Benign and ML in Obstructive Jaundice Patients, Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3421-3423
Author(s):  
Kamran Naseem ◽  
Malik Mudasir Hassan ◽  
Sarah Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Objectives: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in benign and malignant lesions in patients of obstructive jaundice, taking histopathology as gold standard. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Radiology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur October 2019 to April 2020. A total of 164 patients with suspected cases of obstructive jaundice and age 25-65 years of either gender were included. Then magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed in every patient by 1.5 Tesla MR System using a torso phased-array coil. After this, each patient was undergone operation in the concerned ward. Findings of MRCP were compared with the findings of histopathology. Results: In MRCP positive patients, 78 were true positive (TP) and 13 were false positive (FP). Among 73, MRCP negative patients, 08 were false negative (FN) whereas 65 were True Negative (TN). Overall specificity, sensitivity, NPV, PPV and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in benign and malignant lesions in patients of obstructive jaundice, taking histopathology as gold standard was 90.70%, 83.33%, 85.71%, 89.04% and 87.20% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the non-invasive modality of choice with diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing in benign and malignant lesions in obstructive jaundice patients. Keywords: obstructive jaundice, sensitivity, magnetic resonance imaging.

scholarly journals GESTATIONAL DIABETES;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
SHAZIA SHAHEEN ◽  
ROBINA ALI ◽  
UZMA , AFZAL
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the Accuracy of GCT for screening of gestational diabetes in high risk population comparing oralGlucose Tolerance Test (GTT) as gold standard. Main outcome measures: Accuracy of GCT. Study design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: The study was conducted in outpatient department of Punjab Medical College and affiliated hospitals, Faisalabad. Subjects: 207patients. Methods: High risk women from outpatient department were recruited on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria afterexplaining pros and cons of procedure. These women were subjected to GCT & GTT. GTT was taken as gold standard test and results ofGCT were compared with it. Main outcome measures recorded and results obtained. Results: Out of 207 women, GCT truly diagnosed 24women as having diabetes (true positive) & 175 women were found to have normal glucose metabolism (true negative). GCT failed todiagnose 5 diabetic women (false negative) & wrongly diagnosed 3 normal women as diabetics (false positive) against gold standardGTT. So GCT has diagnosed Gestational diabetes mellitus with the sensitivity of 82.7%, specificity of 98.3%, positive predictive value of88.8%, and negative predictive value of 97.2% and accuracy of 96.1%. Conclusions: GCT is a simple, easy, convenient and sensitive testthat has no limitation for time or prior fasting for gestational diabetes screening.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF FNAC VERSUS OPEN BIOPSY IN DIAGNOSING CARCINOMA BREAST IN PALPABLE ADULT FEMALE BREAST LESIONS IN POPULATION OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Mir Attaullah Khan ◽  
Hamidullah Shah ◽  
Khalid Javed
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Open Biopsy ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Carcinoma Breast ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Female Breast

Background: FNAC is usually considered as a reliable, easily performed and inexpensive test for diagnosing palpable lesions of breasts with a high degree of accuracy. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) versus open biopsy in carcinoma breast in adult palpable female breast lesions in population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Sixty (60) FNAC reports of palpable breast lesions in definitive categories {(C2 (benign) and C5 (malignant)} with respective open biopsy reports were included in the study. Nine (9) FNAC reports of inconclusive categories (C1, C3 & C4) were excluded. Age in years was a single demographic variable. The data for “presence of carcinoma breast” for both the open biopsy and FNAC were placed in two-by-two table. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were determined as percentages with confidence intervals at 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of the sample was 37 ± 17 (17-70, range 53) years. Out of 60 cases on open biopsy, 14 (23.33%) were confirmed as having and 46 (76.67%) as not having carcinoma breast and on FNAC, 12 (20%) were positive and 48 (80%) were negative for carcinoma breast. Two-by-two table showed 12 true positive (TP), 46 true negative (TN), two false negative (FN) and zero false positive (FP) cases. The sensitivity of FNAC was 85.71%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 95.83% and accuracy was 96.67%. Conclusion: FNAC is a reliable method in diagnosing carcinoma breast in adult palpable female breast lesions in population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of breast lesions with Doppler ultrasound: Diagnostic accuracy of resistive index as a predictor of malignancy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 825-830
Author(s):  
Ishrat Parveen ◽  
Koukab Javed ◽  
Breeha Elahi ◽  
Faran Nasrullah ◽  
Rashid Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Noninvasive Characterization

Objectives: To evaluate breast lesions with doppler ultrasound and calculated the diagnostic accuracy of resistive index as a predictor of malignancy, taking histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Radiology Department, CMH Multan. Period: December 2015 to May 2016. Material & Methods: 150 female patients, having age between 20 – 60 years, with palpable breast lumps were admitted in the study. Doppler ultrasound of the lesion was performed with emphasis on the vascularity and resistive index was formulated. Categorization as malignant or otherwise was declared as established by doppler ultrasound. Patients then underwent biopsy followed by histopathology. Correlation of doppler ultrasound and histopathological findings was done with calculation of diagnostic accuracy of doppler ultrasound, keeping histopathology as gold standard. Results: The mean of age was 40.23 ± 5.75 years. In 81 breast doppler ultrasound positive patients, 73 (True Positive) showed malignant lesions in breast while 08 (False Positive) did not have malignancy on biopsy. Among 69 Breast Doppler Ultrasound negative patients, 06 (False Negative) demonstrated malignancy on biopsy whereas 63 (True Negative) did not have any malignant lesion. Overall specificity was 88.77%, sensitivity 92.40%, negative predictive value 91.30%, positive predictive value 90.12% and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound came out 90.67%. Conclusion: Angiogenesis in malignant lesions lead to formation of structurally abnormal and tortuous vessels with increased resistive index. Doppler ultrasound is a safe and effective modality which shows acceptable diagnostic accuracy for noninvasive characterization of malignant breast lesions. Therefore, it can be employed as an alternative to histopathology in patients who present with breast lesions.

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