Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for Detection of AT by Taking Surgical Findings as Gold Standard

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detection of Achilles tendinopathy by taking surgical findings as gold standard. Design of the Study: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Department Of Diagnostic Radiology And Diagnostic Imaging Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from 23rd December 2017 to 22nd June 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 70 patients of age 20-70 years, of either gender presenting with severe pain and swelling in area of Achilles tendon were included. Patients with heel pain having concurrent heel ulcer, eczematous changes or calcaneal fractures, muscular dystrophy and previous surgery were excluded. All the patients were then underwent ultrasonography and findings were noted for presence or absence of Achilles tendinopathy. Each Ultrasonographic finding were compared with surgical findings. Results of the Study: Mean age was 41.24 ± 10.34 years. Out of these 70 patients, 46 (65.71%) were male and 24 (34.29%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.9:1. In USG positive patients, 40 (True Positive) had Achilles tendinopathy and 04 (False Positive) had no Achilles tendinopathy on surgical findings. Among, 26 USG negative patients, 03 (False Negative) had Achilles tendinopathy on surgical findings whereas 23 (True Negative) had no Achilles tendinopathy on surgical findings. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detection of Achilles tendinopathy by taking surgical findings as gold standard was 93.02%, 85.19%, 90.91%, 88.46% and 90.0% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detection of Achilles tendinopathy is quite high. Keywords: Achilles tendinopathy, ultrasonography, sensitivity.

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Sonomammography in Diagnosis of BIRADS 4 Suspicious Breast Lesions Keeping Histopathology as Gold Standard

10.53350/pjmhs2115102772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2772-2775

Author(s):

Anam Manzoor ◽

Iqra Rafique ◽

Sana Naseer

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

False Negative ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Breast Lesions ◽

True Negative ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Standard Design ◽

Malignant Breast

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in diagnosis of BIRADS ≥4 suspicious breast lesions taking histopathology as gold standard. Design of the Study: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Department Of Diagnostic Radiology And Diagnostic Imaging Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from January 2017 to June 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 190 patients of age 30-70 years, presenting with palpable breast lesions with BIRAD ≥4 undergoing biopsy under local anesthesia were included. Patients with already diagnosed with breast cancer and recurrent breast lesion were excluded. Then all patients were undergone USG by using a high-resolution unit (PLM703AT) with a linear array probe centered at 7, 5 MHz, along with mammography using mamomet 3000 NOVA SIEMENS, General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee. Patients were labeled as positive or negative. Sonomammography findings were correlated with histopathological findings. Results of the Study: In 117 sonomammography positive patients, 107 (True Positive) had malignant breast lesions and 08 (False Positive) had benign on histopathology findings. Among, 75 sonomammography negative patients, 06 (False Negative) had malignant breast lesions on histopathology whereas 69 (True Negative) had benign lesions on histopathology. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in diagnosis of BIRADS ≥4 suspicious breast lesions taking histopathology as gold standard was 94.69%, 89.61%, 93.04%, 92.0% and 92.63% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in diagnosis of BIRADS ≥4 suspicious breast lesions is quite high. Keywords: Breast lesions, malignant, sonomammography, sensitivity.

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DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF 99 MTC LABELLED UBIQUICIDIN (29-41) SPECT/CT FOR DIAGNOSIS OF OSTEOMYELITIS IN DIABETIC FOOT

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.4102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 1015-19

Author(s):

Muhammad Atif ◽

Fida Hussain ◽

Zaigham Salim Dar ◽

Jameela Khatoon ◽

Saadia Ajmal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Bone Biopsy ◽

False Negative ◽

Armed Forces ◽

True Negative ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc labelled Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT for detection of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot patients by taking bone biopsy as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Nuclear Medical Centre, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, from Apr 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: Study assessed 122 patients of both genders, aged between 30-80 years (mean age=55.3 years), presenting with diabetic foot ulcers having suspicion of osteomyelitis, by 99mTc-Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT followed by bone biopsy (histopathology and culture) taken as gold standard. Results: Among 122 patients [94 male (77%) and 28 female (23%)], osteomyelitis was histopathologically confirmed in 113 patients. 107 out of these patients were positive for osteomyelitis on 99mTc-UBI (29-41) SPECT/CT (true positives) while 6 were false negative. Out of 9 patients declared negative for osteomyelitis on histopathology and culture, 8 were negative on 99mTc-UBI (29-41) SPECT/CT as well (true negative) while only 1 case came out to be positive (false positive). Thus, the 99mTc-UBI (29-41) scan showed 94.6% sensitivity, 88.89% specificity, 99% positive predictive value, 57% negative predictive value with overall 94.2% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: 99mTc labelled Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT scan can precisely localize infective focus, in diabetic foot osteomyelitis, with simultaneous discrimination between bone and soft tissues.

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Morbidly Adherent Placenta, Taking Intra-Operative Findings as Gold Standard

Esculapio ◽

10.51273/esc21.2517114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anum Yousaf ◽

Misbah Durrani ◽

Khoala Riaz ◽

Ume Kalsoom ◽

Hassan Parvez

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Color Doppler ◽

False Negative ◽

True Negative ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Morbidly Adherent Placenta ◽

Adherent Placenta ◽

Operative Findings

Objective: Various imaging modalities can be employed for the placenta accreta diagnosis like USG and MRI, however, their exact diagnostic accuracy is yet to be established. This study was conducted for determining the accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosing morbidly adherent placenta in women with a previous scar, taking the per-operative findings as gold standard. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at department of Radiology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi from 6th January 2019 to 5th July 2019. Using non-probability purposive sampling 118 pregnant women with single pregnancy of age 18-40 years were included. Both grey scale and color doppler findings of ultrasound were employed for ascertaining presence or absence of morbidly adherent placenta. Per-operative findings of all patients who underwent cesarean section afterwards in their respective wards were registered. The findings of USG were then compared with the per-operative observations. Results: Among patients in whom USG findings were of morbidly adherent placenta, 60 were true positive while 05 were false positive, whereas, in the patients with no evidence of morbidly adherent placenta on USG, 03 were false negative while 50 were true negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of USG in diagnosing morbidly adherent placenta in previous scar women, taking per -operative findings as gold standard was 95.24%, 90.91%, 92.31%, 94.34% and 93.22% respectively. Conclusion: It can be inferred from our study that USG is a very sensitive and accurate non-invasive imaging technique for the diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta. Keywords: morbidly adherent placenta, ultrasonography, sensitivity. How to cite: Yousaf A., Durrani M., Riaz K., Kalsoom U., Parvez H. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosing morbidly adherent placenta, taking intra-operative findings as gold standard. Esculapio. 2021; 17(01): 71-74

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Diagnostic accuracy of TI-RADS classification in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules-a study from Southern Punjab, Pakistan

BioMedica ◽

10.51441/biomedica/5-504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Sumera Nighat ◽

Mahwish Zahra ◽

Azhar Mahmood Javed ◽

Shabbir Ahmad ◽

Sadia Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Local Population ◽

False Negative ◽

Imaging Evaluation ◽

True Negative ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results

Background and Objective: Thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) is developed to determine the risk of malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of TI-RADS classification for diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules taking Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a gold standard in the local population. Methods: In this cross-sectional validation study, 201 patients presenting with thyroid nodules at the Department of Radiology, Bakhtawar Amin Hospital Multan, Pakistan from July 2020 to December 2020 were included. In all patients, thyroid nodules were evaluated on grey scale (B-mode) modality. TI-RADS score was calculated for each patient. Patients with TI-RADS score 4 and 5 were labelled as having malignant nodules. After that FNAC samples were taken and sent for histopathologic evaluation of thyroid nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of TI-RADS taking FNAC as a gold standard were determined. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.8 ± 4.5 years; there were 129 (67.2%) women and 72 (35.82%) men. There were 42 patients who tested true positive and 36 patients tested false positive and 12 patients were false negative and 111 patients true negative. The TIRADS sensitivity was 77.8%, specificity was 75.5%, PPV was 53.8%, and NPV 90.2%. the diagnostic accuracy was 76.1%. Conclusion: Differentiating benign thyroid nodules from malignant using the TI-RADS score has a high diagnostic accuracy. Our study results support the TIRADS as a first-line imaging evaluation for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy.

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To determine the diagnostic accuracy of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index in detecting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients by using histopathology as gold standard.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.08.6108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (08) ◽

pp. 1166-1171

Author(s):

Mahwish Yasin ◽

◽

Huma Muzaffar ◽

M Ahmed Zamir ◽

Talha Munir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Chronic Hepatitis C ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

False Negative ◽

True Negative ◽

Significant Fibrosis ◽

Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Objective: The objective of the study was to: determine the diagnostic accuracy of AST to platelet ratio index in detecting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients by using histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Settings: Department of Medicine, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 1st Oct 2017 to March 2018. Results: In this study, out of 158 cases, 48.73%(n=77) were between 25-40 years while 51.27%(n=81) were between 41-60 years, mean+SD was calculated as 40.94+9.10 years, 55.06%(n=87) were male and 44.94%(n=71) were females, mean AST and platelet count was calculated as 1.68+0.54 and 191.0+43.75, frequency of significant fibroids in chronic hepatitis C patients by using histopathology as gold standard reveals as 53.16%(n=84) while 46.84%(n=74) had no findings of this morbidity. The diagnostic accuracy of AST to platelet ratio index in detecting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients by using histopathology as gold standard was recorded which shows 51.27%(n=81) as true positive, 2.53%(n=4) false positive, 1.89%(n=3) false negative and 44.31%(n=70) were recorded as true negative, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate was computed as 96.43%, 94.59%, 95.29%, 95.89% and 95.57% respectively. Conclusion: The results of the study reveal that diagnostic accuracy of AST to platelet ratio for detection of significant fibrosis in chronic Hepatitis C patients was satisfactory and it may be used for the avoidance of invasive liver biopsy to initiate the antiviral therapy in these patients.

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Diagnostic Accuracy of MRC in Benign and ML in Obstructive Jaundice Patients, Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard

10.53350/pjmhs2115123421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3421-3423

Author(s):

Kamran Naseem ◽

Malik Mudasir Hassan ◽

Sarah Nisar

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Obstructive Jaundice ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Gold Standard ◽

False Negative ◽

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽

True Negative ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Standard Material ◽

Malignant Lesions

Objectives: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in benign and malignant lesions in patients of obstructive jaundice, taking histopathology as gold standard. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Radiology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur October 2019 to April 2020. A total of 164 patients with suspected cases of obstructive jaundice and age 25-65 years of either gender were included. Then magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed in every patient by 1.5 Tesla MR System using a torso phased-array coil. After this, each patient was undergone operation in the concerned ward. Findings of MRCP were compared with the findings of histopathology. Results: In MRCP positive patients, 78 were true positive (TP) and 13 were false positive (FP). Among 73, MRCP negative patients, 08 were false negative (FN) whereas 65 were True Negative (TN). Overall specificity, sensitivity, NPV, PPV and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in benign and malignant lesions in patients of obstructive jaundice, taking histopathology as gold standard was 90.70%, 83.33%, 85.71%, 89.04% and 87.20% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the non-invasive modality of choice with diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing in benign and malignant lesions in obstructive jaundice patients. Keywords: obstructive jaundice, sensitivity, magnetic resonance imaging.

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GESTATIONAL DIABETES;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.02.632 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (02) ◽

pp. 232-236

Author(s):

SHAZIA SHAHEEN ◽

ROBINA ALI ◽

UZMA , AFZAL

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

False Negative ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

High Risk Population ◽

True Negative ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the Accuracy of GCT for screening of gestational diabetes in high risk population comparing oralGlucose Tolerance Test (GTT) as gold standard. Main outcome measures: Accuracy of GCT. Study design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: The study was conducted in outpatient department of Punjab Medical College and affiliated hospitals, Faisalabad. Subjects: 207patients. Methods: High risk women from outpatient department were recruited on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria afterexplaining pros and cons of procedure. These women were subjected to GCT & GTT. GTT was taken as gold standard test and results ofGCT were compared with it. Main outcome measures recorded and results obtained. Results: Out of 207 women, GCT truly diagnosed 24women as having diabetes (true positive) & 175 women were found to have normal glucose metabolism (true negative). GCT failed todiagnose 5 diabetic women (false negative) & wrongly diagnosed 3 normal women as diabetics (false positive) against gold standardGTT. So GCT has diagnosed Gestational diabetes mellitus with the sensitivity of 82.7%, specificity of 98.3%, positive predictive value of88.8%, and negative predictive value of 97.2% and accuracy of 96.1%. Conclusions: GCT is a simple, easy, convenient and sensitive testthat has no limitation for time or prior fasting for gestational diabetes screening.

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Diagnostic accuracy of Color Doppler of cerebral and umbilical pulsatality in diagnosing IUGR, taking birth weight as gold standard.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.03.4309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (03) ◽

pp. 651-659

Author(s):

Syed Anjum Mehdi ◽

Hassan Bukhari ◽

Iqbal Hussain Dogar ◽

Irfan Shabbir

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Doppler Ultrasonography ◽

Color Doppler ◽

False Negative ◽

Colour Doppler ◽

True Negative ◽

Colour Doppler Ultrasonography

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of colour Doppler of cerebral and umbilical pulsatality in diagnosing IUGR, taking birth weight as gold standard. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Radiology, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 30th May 2016 to 29th November 2016. Material & Methods: Total 129 clinically suspected IUGR, 18 to 40 years of age with singleton pregnancy were included. Patients having Hb< 8.5 g/dl, chromosomal abnormality, chronic infections, severe systemic illness like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, renal or hepatic disease were excluded. Colour Doppler Ultrasonography of the cerebral and umbilical artery was performed in every patient and looked for IUGR. Colour Doppler sonography findings were compared with birth weight of baby. Results: Mean age was 30.26 ± 4.67 years. The mean gestational age was 38.60 ± 1.27 weeks. Mean parity was 2.68 ± 0.74. In Colour Doppler Ultrasonography positive patients, 64 were true positive while 09 were false positive. Among, 56 Colour Doppler Ultrasonography negative patients, 07 were false negative while 49 were true negative. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of colour Doppler of cerebral and umbilical pulsatality in diagnosing IUGR, taking birth weight as gold standard was 90.14%, 84.49%, 87.67%, 87.50% and 87.60% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that diagnostic accuracy of colour Doppler of cerebral and umbilical pulsatality in diagnosing IUGR is quite high.

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Diagnostic accuracy of strain ultrasound elastography in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules, taking histopathology as gold standard

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

Maham Fatima ◽

Shifa Younus ◽

Hamza Maqsood ◽

Amna Younas ◽

Farah Mukhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

False Negative ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Ultrasound Elastography ◽

Tissue Elasticity ◽

True Negative

Background: Elastography is a method recently being used in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparing tissue elasticity. Strain and shear wave elastography are two types of elastography still being used in clinical practice. Two kinds of elasticity can be assessed by strain elastography. First, colors around and within the nodules are evaluated and visually scored according to the 4-5 scale scoring systems. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of strain ultrasound elastography in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, taking histopathology as gold standardMethods: Total of 101 patients with palpable thyroid nodule of any size of age 30-70 years of either gender were included. Patients with previous thyroid surgery and already proven histopathology were excluded. Strain ultrasound elastography was performed in every patient by using a highresolution unit with a linear array probe centred at 7.5 MHz. Strain ultrasound elastography was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist in the presence of researcher and benign or malignant thyroid nodules was noted. Strain USG elastography findings were compared with histopathology report.Results: All the patients were subjected to strain ultrasound elastography. USG supported the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules in all 52 patients. Histopathology confirmed malignant thyroid nodules in 47 (true positive) cases where as 5 (false positive) had no malignant lesion on histopathology. In USG negative patients, 46 were true negative while 3 were false negative. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of strain ultrasound elastography in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, taking histopathology as gold standard is 94.0%, 90.20%, 90.38%, 93.88% and 92.08% respectively.Conclusions: According to this study, strain ultrasound elastography is the non-invasive modality of choice with high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules.

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Diagnostic Accuracy of HRCT Chest in Detection of Covid-19 Infection Taking PCR as Gold Standard

10.53350/pjmhs211561679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1679-1681

Author(s):

Afaque Ali ◽

Majid Shaikh ◽

Ahsanullah . ◽

Adeel Ahmed ◽

Abid Ali Sahito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Of Department

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest in detection of covid-19 infection taking PCR as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Radiology department of Tabba Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From March 2019 to September 2020 Material and Methods: All the clinically suspected patients of covid-19, of any age, both genders and those referred to radiology for High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest to detect the covid-19 infection were included. After two days, patients’ PCR reports were collected from the ward, after taking informed consent and permission from head of department. The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT was established with respect to sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and specificity by taking PCR as gold standard. All the information was collected via study proforma. Results: Total 70 patients suspected for COVID-19 were studied, and the patients’ mean age was 58.23±9.52 years. Males were in majority 54(77.1%). As per HRCT findings, COVID-19 infection was positive in 46 patients, however, 48 patients were detected positive for COVID-19 infection as per PCR findings. In the detection of COVID-19 infection, HRCT chest showed sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 83%, NPV of 84% and diagnostic accuracy of 94%; by taking PCR as gold standard. Conclusion: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a reliable diagnostic approach in promptly detecting the COVID-19; with 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 83% positive predictive value, 84% negative predictive value and 94% diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Accuracy, HRCT, COVID-19

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