Non-invasive Assessment of Dry Eye Patients: Correlation of Tear Osmolarity, Tear Meniscus Height and Non-invasive Tear Break-up Time with Other Tests

AIM: To screen for dry eye among type 2 diabetic patients ,determine the prevalence and correlate with blood sugar levels. METHODS: 100 patients who were diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes were included in the study .Detailed history regarding ocular symptoms, diabetes and its duration was taken. A thorough ocular examination using Slit lamp bio microscopy was done and visual acuity tested with Snellen's chart.Tear lm status evaluated by Schirmer's I test, Tear lm break up time(TBUT),Tear meniscus height. Two or all of the above performed tests was positive in a given patient, the patient was deemed to be suffering from dry eye. RESULTS:Out of 100 patients, males were 48 and females were 52. 39 patients were found to show positive screening tests for dry eye.38% (out of 39 patients) had major symptom of foreign body sensation. 23 out of 39 patients were females. 14 out of 39 patients were in age group 51 to 60 years.Most of the diabetics with dry eye had duration of disease 5 to 10 years .39 patients had Tear Break Up time <10 sec, 25 patients had Tear Meniscus Height <0.25mm and 36 patients had Schirmers I test<10mm.Diabetics with dry eyes had average RBS of 179.63+57.28 and PPBS of 247.75+88.39 mg/dl. These values were more when compared to diabetics with no dry eye. CONCLUSION: Early ocular examination in Diabetic patients and good glycemic control should be done considering increased incidence of dry eyes.This should be an integral part of the assessment of diabetic eye disease so as to improve the patient's comfort and to prevent or minimize further structural damage to the ocular surface.

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An investigation of non-invasive tear break up time and tear meniscus height of keratoconic versus non-keratoconic individuals

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v75i1.339 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Deanne L. Nicholas ◽

Wayne D.H. Gillan

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Tear Meniscus ◽

Break Up ◽

Tear Meniscus Height ◽

And Control

Keratoconus is a debilitating condition where the cornea develops a conical shape rather than the characteristic round shape due to various physiological and structural changes taking place within the layers of the cornea. As a result of the pathogenesis of keratoconus, there are numerous changes that may occur within the tears of these patients. Research has shown changes in the tear metabolome, the presence of degradation products as well as loss of goblet cells into the tears. Could the changes occurring within the tear structure of these patients affect the results of various tear quantity and quality tests? Non-invasive tear break up time (NTBUT) is a diagnostic test used to determine the quality of the tear film and has been used extensively when diagnosing dry eye disease. This test is utilised in order to determine the time taken for the tear film to begin breaking apart, signalling thinning of the tears. Shorter break up times are therefore indicative of instability or changes occurring within the tear film which could be diagnostic of dry eye disease. Tear meniscus height (TMH) measurements have also been utilised in clinical practice, where these measurements provide an indication of the volume of tears contained within the upper and lower menisci. Lower tear volumes have been shown to be present in cases of dry eye disease where either tear production or tear drainage may be affected. Changes in the quality and quantity of the tear film in subjects with dry eye disease have been thoroughly investigated; however, the same cannot be said for subjects with keratoconus. Could the same findings be possible in subjects with keratoconus? Is it possible that the changes occurring within the tears of keratoconic subjects could lead to abnormal NTBUT and TMH measurements when compared to those of control subjects? Could the results of the NTBUT and TMH tests be related to one another? This study compares the NTBUT and TMH measurements of both keratoconic and control subjects by making use of a single type of instrumentation, namely the Oculus Keratograph 4 (OK4). The results of this study reveal that the values obtained for each of the two subject groups are not shown to be statistically significantly different and that there is no significant correlation between the NTBUT and TMH measurements when comparing keratoconic and control subjects.

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Comparison of Tear Meniscus Height Measurements Obtained With the Keratograph and Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Dry Eye

Cornea ◽

10.1097/ico.0000000000000575 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (10) ◽

pp. 1209-1213 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jiwon Baek ◽

Sang Hee Doh ◽

Sung Kun Chung

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Fourier Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Meniscus Height ◽

Tear Meniscus ◽

Tear Meniscus Height

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Apparent time-dependent differences in inferior tear meniscus height in human subjects with mild dry eye symptoms

Clinical and Experimental Optometry ◽

10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00174.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 345-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sruthi Srinivasan ◽

Colin Chan ◽

Lyndon Jones

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Meniscus Height ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Tear Meniscus ◽

Tear Meniscus Height ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

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Lipid layer thickness and tear meniscus height measurements for the differential diagnosis of evaporative dry eye subtypes

International Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.18240/ijo.2018.09.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Lipid Layer ◽

Meniscus Height ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye ◽

Tear Meniscus ◽

Tear Meniscus Height

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Diagnostic value of three simple and rapid dry eye tests: Lid parallel conjunctival folds, tear meniscus height and tear ferning

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh190829024d ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-24

Author(s):

Bojana Dacic-Krnjaja ◽

Milan Hadzi-Milic ◽

Jelena Potic ◽

Danijela Raonic ◽

Milenko Stojkovic

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

High Specificity ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Mean Values ◽

Meniscus Height ◽

Tear Meniscus ◽

Tear Meniscus Height ◽

Low Sensitivity

Introduction/Objective. The objective of this paper was to assess the diagnostic value of three simple dry eye (DE) tests: lid parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), tear meniscus height (TMH), and tear ferning (TF). Methods. Diagnostic DE tests LIPCOF, TMH and TF tests were performed in 100 patients. Eighty of them were referred to us by rheumatologists and general practitioners either during evaluation for Sj?gren?s syndrome, or because of DE symptoms. Control group was made of 20 patients, with no DE relating symptoms. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was used for DE symptoms? evaluation. Results of LIPCOF, TMH and TF tests were compared with results of Copenhagen criteria (CC) DE tests i.e., tear fluorescein break up time, Schirmer I and Rose Bengal tests. Ability of tests to recognize DE in various grades according to Dry Eye Work Shop (DEWS) report score system was assessed. Results. Compared to CC, sensitivity of LIPCOF and TMH was high: 92.8% and 83.5%, while specificity was low: 34.4% and 49.2%, respectively. TF had low sensitivity of 59.1% but high specificity of 82.7%. Mean values of both LIPCOF and TMH differed significantly (F = 7.222, p < 0.001 and F = 11.802, p < 0.001) between control group and all DEWS DE grades, but not among different grades of DE. Conclusions. Diagnostic tests TMH and LIPCOF showed high sensitivity which makes them excellent screening DE tests. Low sensitivity of TF suggests that it is not truly a good screening test on its own, but its high specificity is of definite value.

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Study of Relationship Between Dry Eye and Expressions of CXCR3 and CCR5 After Ocular Acid Burn

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1119696/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Jiang ◽

Qianqian Hu ◽

Tao Li ◽

Man She ◽

Xiaodong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Control Group ◽

Observation Group ◽

Ccr5 Expression ◽

Meniscus Height ◽

Group 3 ◽

Tear Meniscus ◽

Tear Meniscus Height ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objective To investigate the manifestation of dry eye and its relationship with CXCR3 and CCR5 expression in patients with ocular acid burns. Methods This is a case-control study. A total of 27 eyes of 22 cases ocular with acid burns of I-V degrees from Jan.2020 to Feb.2021 in this hospital were selected as observation group, and 8 eyes of 8 cases of normal people were selected as control group. The followed up time was 3 months. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, BUT, Schirmer Ⅰ test, corneal thickness and tear meniscus height (TMH) were observed at 1 day, 1 and 3 months after injury. The protein expression of CXCR3 and CCR5 were examined by ELISA and were compared among groups at each time point. Results BUT and Schirmer I tests value in the observation group were lower than those in the control group 3 months after injury (all p < 0.05). The corneal thickness and the tear meniscus height 1 day after injury were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05), and also higher than those at 1 month and 3 months after injury (p < 0.05). The expression levels of CXCR3 and CCR5 protein were significantly negatively correlated with BUT (p < 0.05), and CXCR3 and CCR5 were also significantly negatively correlated with Schirmer I test value (p < 0.05). Conclusion Ocular acid burns can cause dry eye, and the expression of CXCR3 and CCR5 protein in tears may be related to the occurrence of dry eye after ocular acid burn.

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