Poluarea apelor de suprafata şi subterane cu compuşi ai azotului

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Goreacioc ◽  
◽  
Maria Sandu ◽  
Raisa Nastas ◽  
Anatolie Tarita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Member States ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Methods Of Determination ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

In this paper the situation of pollution with nitrogen compounds both in the EU member states and in the Republic of Moldova was analyzed. Also, the existing methods of determination of nitrate ions are analyzed and the necessity of elaborating the method for determination of the nitrate ions in the presence of nitrite ions.

scholarly journals Regulation of the food waste measuring in the EU in the light of the need of counteracting the food wastage

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sylwia Łaba ◽  
Mikołaj Niedek ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Robert Łaba ◽  
Anna Kamińska-Dwórznicka
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Uniform System ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The paper presents the analysis of the guidelines of the European Union, adopted in May, 2019, on the common methodology and quality requirements for the uniform system of measuring the food waste levels in the EU Member States. The Waste Framework Directive obliges the Member States to monitor the generation of food waste and to take measures to limit their production; however, a lack of uniform, reliable method for measuring the food waste levels in the EU causes that it is difficult to evaluate the scale of the problem, its sources and the related tendencies in time. The food waste is generated across the whole food supply chain; so, it is especially troublesome to determine the level of the discussed waste. The food waste with different characteristics, different source and different reasons for its generation is produced in each stage of the chain. The current data on the food wastes do not specify their quantities. In connection with this fact, a separate legal act was developed, that is, the Commission Delegated Decision (EU) dated 3 May 2019, focusing on the measuring of food waste, which is harmonized with the existing systems of data collection and provides a framework for further measures of the Member States in respect of the quantitative determination of the food waste that is generated.

scholarly journals The cultural constituent of the European Soft Power in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
A.Zh. Seitkhamit ◽  
◽  
S.M. Nurdavletova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The European Union dynamically exercises various forms and methods of the Soft Power in its foreign policy. The article reviews its main principles and characteristics as well as conceptual basics. As an example, the article considers the European cultural diplomacy in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a method of soft power. The authors pay an attention specific actions of the European cultural diplomacy in Kazakhstan as well as the mechanisms of its implementation. Apart from that, cultural soft power of two European countries – France and Germany – are considered as separate actions of the EU member states in the sphere of culture. Finally, it assesses importance of Kazakhstan for the EU and effectiveness of such policy in this country.

scholarly journals THE EU COMMISSION'S PROPOSAL TO REVISE THE BRUSSELS IIa REGULATION: SHORTCOMINGS OF THE “OVERRIDING RULE”

TEME ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Sanja Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Member States ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

As the procedure for the revision of the Brussels IIa Regulation is currently pending in the European Union, this paper focuses on the two issues which are correlated through the so-called “overriding rule” mechanism. The first problem concerns the proceeding on the return of the wrongfully removed or retained child involving two EU Member States – the State of refuge and the State where the child was habitually resident immediately before the abduction. The second one tackles the proceeding, currently regulated in the Brussels IIa, on the rights of custody (parental responsibility) when the return of the child was refused in the EU State on the grounds of Art. 13 of the Hague Child Abduction Convention. The proposals for the revision of the Brussels IIa Regulation heavily involve these issues. In that respect, the author indicates certain shortcomings and inconsistencies of the amendments proposed by the European Commission in the Proposal to Revise the Brussels IIa Regulation (2016) and the latest compromise solutions suggested by the Presidency to the Council in the General Approach to the Recast of Brussels IIa (2018). At the same time, the paper suggests two possible ways in which the balance between the principle of mutual trust between the EU Member States and the principle of the child's best interest could be better balanced. From the perspective of Private International Law of the Republic of Serbia, the revision of the Brussels IIa Regulation is important in view of Serbia’s candidate status for EU membership and the need to keep an eye on changes to the secondary EU legislation.

scholarly journals Are the EU Member States Ready for the New Union Customs Code: Emerging Legal Issues On the National Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Gediminas Valantiejus
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn 2016, the European Union has launched a new and ambitious project for the future regulation of international trade in the European Union and the rules of its taxation: since the 1 May 2016, the new Union Customs Code (UCC) has entered into force. It revokes the old Community Customs Code (CCC), which was applied since 1992, and passed in the form of EU regulation sets brand-new rules for the application of Common Customs Tariff and calculation of customs duties (tariffs) in all the EU Member States. It is oriented to the creation of the paperless environment for the formalisation of international trade operations (full electronic declaration of customs procedures) and ensuring of a more uniform administration of customs duties in the tax and customs authorities of the Member States in the European Union. Therefore, the article raises and seeks to answer the problematic question whether the Member States of the European Union themselves are ready to implement these ambitious goals and does the actual practice of the Member States support that (considering the practice of the Republic of Lithuania). The research, which is based on the analysis of case law in the Republic of Lithuania (case study of recent tax disputes between the taxpayers and customs authorities that arose immediately before and after the entry into force of the UCC), leads to the conclusion that many problematic areas that may negatively impact the functioning of the new Customs Code remain and must be improved, including an adoption of new legislative solutions.

scholarly journals Relevant questions of the European civil procedure

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nikolay Svetlozarov Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
National Court ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The subject of this research the questions associated with admission and consideration of civil and commercial cases by the EU member-states in the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as with recognition and execution of court rulings in the member-state delivered in another EU member-state. The subject of this research is the discrepancies between the national norms applicable to jurisdiction and recognition of court rulings delivered in other member-states, as well as the degree of impact of these discrepancies impeding the functionality of domestic market in the EU. Emphasis is placed on comprehensive examination of case law in Bulgaria with regards to recognition and consideration of civil and commercial cases with an international element. The main conclusion consists in the statement that the norms of international civil procedure play a primary role in the civil procedure. In each particular case, the norms of international civil procedure determine the court that would defend the infringed right, define the formal rules, etc. The author's special contribution lies in recommendation on the improvement of legal regulation and acceptance of equal terms on execution of foreign and national court decisions within the framework of all EU member-states.

scholarly journals Application of Probabilistic Inference in Defining Impact of the General Government Sector’s Size on the Economy and Determining the Size of the Sector by the Economy in the EU

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Teresa Mroczek ◽  
Tomasz Skica ◽  
Jacek Rodzinka
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Inference ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
General Government ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe article’s objective is to apply probabilistic inference in determination of the impact of the size of the general government sector on the economy and the impact of the economy on the size of the sector in EU Member States. The research indicated that 4 of 13 variables describing the size of the general government sector have a significant impact on the economic parameters and determined their value and that impact of the economy on the general government sector is significantly more identified than determination of the economy by the sector size.

Autonomy of Public Sector Investments in the Light of the Free Movement of Capital in the EU

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-518
Author(s):  
Janja Hojnik
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Member States ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Financial Market Integration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Free Movement Of Capital ◽  
The Eu

This article deals with the impact of the EU’s endeavours to achieve financial market integration and the free movement of capital on rules of the Member States that limit autonomy of public bodies when making investment decisions. These rules have direct importance for rules such as those applicable in Slovenia which require 1,500 public entities to invest their liquid assets exceeding EUR 100,000 solely in securities of the Republic of Slovenia and not in securities of other EU Member States. In this case, they are obliged to offer their liquid assets first to the Ministry of Finance, thereby running the risk that such liquid assets would be decommitted and allocated to other public purposes. The aim of this article is to develop arguments to the effect that, in the light of the freedom of movement of capital as construed by the Court of Justice of the EU, especially in the recent case concerning Polish open pension funds (OPFs) the investment policy of indirect budget spending units should be more open – not only from the viewpoint of ensuring the EU single market but mainly from the perspective of the profitability of public finance. The security of investments can also be achieved in ways other than closing the investment market for all public entities.

scholarly journals Improving the Regulatory Framework for Countering Extremism in the European Union (Case Study of Finland)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
P. S. Dolgoshein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

INTRODUCTION. The article, using the example of the Republic of Finland, analyzes the activities of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the EU) to improve the legal regulation of countering extremism. The influence of the EU on the tackling against extremism and radicalism in the Republic of Finland is examined. The role of the EU in countering global threats, the position of Finland in relation to international co- operation in countering extremism and radicalism is assessed. The methods used in Finland to counter violent extremism are being studied.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article examines the conceptual documents of the UN, EU and Finland; Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, an action plan to prevent violent extremism, Commission Staff Working Paper; Comprehensive assessment of the EU security policy; Message from the Commission to the European Parliament, European Council Ninth report on progress towards an effective and genuine Security Union; Finland's response to OHCHR's request for information on how the protection and promotion of human rights contribute to preventing and combating violent extremism; Finland's Chairmanship Program for the Sustainable Europe Sustainable Future program; Decision of the Commission on the creation of the Expert Group of the HighLevel Commission on Radicalization, Report of the Council of Europe Committee on Counter-Terrorism, Anti-Terrorism Profiles Finland, Report of the Government of Finland on human rights for 2014; decisions of the Expert Group of the High-Level Commission on Radicalization; Human Rights Council materials.RESEARCH RESULTS. The author puts forward the thesis that the measures used to counter violent extremism depend on the needs of Member States and require the development of various approaches, depending on specific circumstances. In the addition, there is a common interest in EU member states in further expanding the exchange of experience and close cooperation between various national actors at the pan-European and international levels to counter extremism and radicalism. These measures require the development of new regulatory measures, including international ones. The author believes it is possible and interesting, using the example of the Republic of Finland, to study the level of interaction and cooperation between the Member States and the European Union in the field of im- proving the legal regulation of countering extremism, as well as the measures used in Finland to prevent and combat violent extremism.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In EU Member States, the European Union plays a key role in shaping international cooperation, which includes strengthening the existing governance system and, when necessary, reforming the existing system for preventing and countering violent extremism, subject to the fundamental principles of the United Nations. The Republic of Finland fully supports the efforts of the international community to prevent and counter extremism, through the development of international anti-extremism instruments to help states collectively combat this threat. The educational system of Finland can successfully form the fundamental foundations for countering violent extremism.

scholarly journals Disproportionate Migration Pressure as a Challenge for the National Security of the Republic of Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Nikolay Marin
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Affected Member ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Since 2011 a sustainable growth of illegal immigrants in the EU has been observed. As a result, Bulgaria has become one of the most affected member states of the EU. This article aims to research the main factors, resulted from the illegal immigration, which are changing the national security environment in Bulgaria. This paper is focused on the improvement of legal and political mechanisms for cooperation between the EU member states, coming from the Common asylum and immigration policy and building of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in the EU.

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