PROTECTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FROM EMERGING THREATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
Răzvan ZMĂDU
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
The Military

Abstract: Today's society is in a continuous transformation towards a digitalized society. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated worldwide the transition from the physical to the online environment of services provided by both public and private institutions. With a digitized society in our defense types of risks, threats and risks to critical infrastructures that support digital evolution. Thus, opponents turn their attention to new forms of asymmetric attacks to generate states of terror against states or individuals or groups of people. Thus, among the newest and most developed threats are those that use cyberterrorism, network-based warfare or attacks using technologies imported from the military such as drones carrying improvised explosive devices. Countermeasures and resilient systems must be prepared against them.

IED – The “Tool of Death”

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
Mircea Vladu ◽  
Stelian Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
The Military

AbstractAll media, from states that have sent military structures to Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, etc., have commented and continue to comment extensively on the effects of military outbreaks of improvised explosive devices, abbreviated IED. Many civilians are rightly wondering what an IED is and what destructive performance it records as a result of its coming into operation by different means. Years ago it was found that there were also some soldiers who did not have much knowledge about IEDs and consequently lost their lives, especially in Iraq, but also in Afghanistan, because they did not have the necessary and sufficient training, based on which to be able to apply procedures if they discovered these „tools of death”, located on the ground or at targets, or when trying to help their comrades seriously injured by the explosions of these devices. In those conditions, the military decision-makers imposed the implementation in the combat manuals of EOD protection. With all the measures taken, by the military decision-makers, the IEDs continued to make new victims in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, etc., among the local defense forces, the multinational Coalition military, the civilian population, the animals used as suicide bombers, etc. Starting from this finding and knowing what was written about these „tools of death” through combat manuals and specialized articles, developed by the military based on the lessons learned from the „dust” of Iraq and Afghanistan, I intend, through this paper, to try to put together some information that will provide further insights into IEDs and the danger it poses to local defense forces, to the Alliance’s military and civilian population, who are on Afghan ground.

scholarly journals Emergency Cases at Countering Improvised Explosive Devices (C-IED), and their Potential Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Tibor Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
The Military

Abstract During the military operations in Iraq and later in Afghanistan, the capability of force protection, of providing defence against improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and the organization of training courses aimed at enhancing the knowledge of personnel became increasingly important. Previous analyses clearly pointed out that the largest number of military and civil casualties were claimed by such devices.

SPECIFICITY OF ORDNANCE SAFETY SUPERVISION IN TIMES OF PEACE AND HYBRID WARFARE

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Henryk Terenowski ◽  
Witold Jagiełło
Keyword(s):  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
The Military

Abstract: The article presents an issue of security of munitions (combat assets, explosive ordnance) in different conditions of their use. The safety of the ordnance during peacetime is considered as safe and systematically surveyed use and elimination of factors causing its unintentional activation, and during the military conflicts and hybrid warfare the safety of using the ordnance is considered through the aspects of changeable conditions of use, intentional actions against the sites the ordnance is placed and such its distribution which can minimize the harmful impact of products of explosion to the environment. A question of ordnance left in the result of combat actions is signaled. Questions of safety threatened by using the ordnance for preparing improvised explosive devices are also presented.

Four years of orthopaedic activities in Chinese Role 2 Hospital of eastern Mali peacekeeping area

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Z Li ◽  
X Cao ◽  
B Li
Keyword(s):  
Damage Control ◽  
Damage Control Surgery ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Medical Treatment Facility ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices

IntroductionThe Chinese Role 2 Hospital (CHN-Role 2H) Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) was founded in July 2013 as part of the Chinese commitment to Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA). It provides medical care for approximately 5200 personnel of the whole Sector East of MINUSMA including UN military personnel, UN police and UN civilian staff. The aim of this study was to determine the orthopaedic surgical activity over a 4-year period to facilitate the training of future Chinese military surgical teams.Materials and methodsSurgical records of all patients operated on at the CHN-Role 2H between 28 March 2014 to 28 March 2018 were identified, and all orthopaedic activity were analysed.ResultsDuring this period, 1190 patients underwent 2024 surgical procedures. Orthopaedic procedures represented 961/2024 (47.5%) of all the procedures. Battle injury (BI) represented 43% of patients. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were responsible for 15.8 % casualties. Fractures (49%) and soft tissue injures (43%) were the most common injuries, with 61% of the fractures being open. Damage control surgery including debridement (23.52%) and external fixation (17.90%) were the most frequently performed interventions.ConclusionOrthopaedic surgery is the most frequently performed surgery in the CHN-Role 2H in Mali. The complexity and severity of injuries demonstrate the urgent need for tailored training and extended skill sets for deploying military orthopaedic surgeons.

scholarly journals Frequency of Improvised Explosive Devices and Suicide Attempts in the U.S. Army

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. e1697-e1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Ursano ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
James A. Naifeh ◽  
Holly Herberman Mash ◽  
Carol S. Fullerton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
The U.S
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