PROVIDING MEDICAL CARE TO PATIENTS WITH BURNS IN AN EMERGENCY

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Г.А. Турсынбаева ◽  
У.Т. Багысбаева
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
First Aid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Death ◽  
Chemical Burns ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
The Cost

В данной статье рассмотрены основные действия при оказании медицинской помощи больным с ожогами на этапах медицинской эвакуации. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена тем, что своевременное оказание первой помощи пострадавшим предупреждает ухудшение состояния организма, что в значительной степени влияет на снижение летальности, инвалидности и сроков временной утраты трудоспособности больных и пострадавших, существенно снижает расходы на их лечение и реабилитацию [В.И. Хрупкин, 2000; Е.И. Бялик, 2001]. Особенное значение медицинская помощь на догоспитальном этапе приобретает при выраженных нарушениях кровообращения и дыхания, клинической смерти, кровотечении, переломах, термических и химических ожогах, когда неоказание помощи или запаздывание ее быстро приводит к значительному ухудшению состояния организма и даже смерти [В.А. Михайлович, А.Г. Мирошниченко, 2005; С.А. Сумин, 2005]. This article describes the main actions in providing medical care to patients with burns at the stages of medical evacuation. The urgency of the problem is due to the fact that timely first aid to victims prevents the deterioration of the body, which significantly affects the reduction of mortality, disability and the timing of temporary disability of patients and victims, significantly reduces the cost of their treatment and rehabilitation [V. I. Brilkin, 2000; E. I. Bialik, 2001]. Medical care at the prehospital stage is particularly important in cases of severe circulatory and respiratory disorders, clinical death, bleeding, fractures, thermal and chemical burns, when failure to provide assistance or its delay quickly leads to a significant deterioration of the body's condition and even death [V. A. Mikhailovich, A. G. Miroshnichenko, 2005; S. A. Sumin, 2005].

Carbon monoxide: modern concepts to the treatment of acute poisonings (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Grebenyuk ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Bykov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
First Aid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Encephalopathy ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation

Introduction. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common causes of chemical injuries and the main toxic factor in the people death in fires. The mechanism of the toxic effect of CO, associated with the formation of carboxyhemoglobin and the development of hypoxia, determines the rapid development of the clinical picture of acute intoxication and the need for emergency first aid and medical care to the poisoned. Material and methods. Literature sources, summarized in the bibliographic databases eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed and Scopus, were the material for analysis. Results. First aid is based on quickly removing the victim from the fire zone or other area with a high concentration of CO and providing him with oxygen as soon as possible. During medical evacuation, it is necessary to carry out continuous inhalation of 80-100% oxygen, to ensure rest and warmth of the victim. In the emergency department of the hospital, oxygen inhalation and maintenance therapy should be continued, clinical and laboratory diagnostic measures aimed at assessing the severity of intoxication, identifying complications and concomitant pathology should be performed. In the case of severe CO poisoning, medical care continues to be provided to the victims in the intensive care unit or in the oxygen-barotherapy unit. The main antidote for CO poisoning is oxygen, which can be used in two versions - normobaric or hyperbaric oxygenation. As a pharmacological antidote to CO, zinc bisvinylimidazole diacetate (acizol) which can accelerate the breakdown of carboxyhemoglobin, improve the oxygen-binding and gas-transport properties of blood, as well as the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin in tissues is used. Along with antidotes, an important role in the treatment of CO poisoning is played by pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy aimed at the prevention and treatment of toxic encephalopathy, brain edema, cognitive dysfunction, toxic myocardiodystrophy and arrhythmia, prevention of pneumonia, correction of the acid-base state, compensation of the energy needs of the body, etc. Conclusion. Further improvement of existing means and methods for the treatment of intoxication, the development and introduction of new antidots into medical practice will increase the effectiveness of therapeutic measures, reduce the number of deaths and disabilities after acute poisoning with carbon monoxide.

scholarly journals Bridging the gap between military prolonged field care monitoring and exploration spaceflight: the compensatory reserve

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor E. Schlotman ◽  
Kris R. Lehnhardt ◽  
Andrew F. Abercromby ◽  
Benjamin D. Easter ◽  
Meghan E. Downs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Compensatory Reserve ◽  
Combat Medics ◽  
Time Changes

AbstractThe concept of prolonged field care (PFC), or medical care applied beyond doctrinal planning timelines, is the top priority capability gap across the US Army. PFC is the idea that combat medics must be prepared to provide medical care to serious casualties in the field without the support of robust medical infrastructure or resources in the event of delayed medical evacuation. With limited resources, significant distances to travel before definitive care, and an inability to evacuate in a timely fashion, medical care during exploration spaceflight constitutes the ultimate example PFC. One of the main capability gaps for PFC in both military and spaceflight settings is the need for technologies for individualized monitoring of a patient’s physiological status. A monitoring capability known as the compensatory reserve measurement (CRM) meets such a requirement. CRM is a small, portable, wearable technology that uses a machine learning and feature extraction-based algorithm to assess real-time changes in hundreds of specific features of arterial waveforms. Future development and advancement of CRM still faces engineering challenges to develop ruggedized wearable sensors that can measure waveforms for determining CRM from multiple sites on the body and account for less than optimal conditions (sweat, water, dirt, blood, movement, etc.). We show here the utility of a military wearable technology, CRM, which can be translated to space exploration.

scholarly journals Emergency response of medical force during the international exercise of the rescue services of Russia, Norway, Finland and Sweden – Barents Rescue-2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Gudz ◽  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
V. Yu. Rybnikov ◽  
O. A. Bashinskii
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Emergency Medical Care ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Rescue Services ◽  
Emergency Medical

Relevance. The probability of emergency situations in the Barents region determines the need of improvement of forces and means of rendering first and emergency medical care to victims. In September 2017 the large-scale international exercise of rescue services of Russia, Norway, Sweden, and Finland under the code name “Barents-Rescue 2017” was carried out in the Republic of Karelia. The exercise worked oved rendering first-aid and emergency medical care to victims of emergency situations.Intention. To summarize experience in preparation, rendering and result assessment of first-aid and emergency medical care to victims of emergency situations in the framework of the international exercises.Methods. Medical document analysis (hospital records, medical triage records, expert assessment records), statistical analysis of groups using Student’s t-test. The exercise involved 76 victims with injuries of various severity levels, among them 30 were of minor severity, 19 were of medium severity and 27 were of heavy severity. They received first-aid and emergency medical care by 42 rescuers and 67 health workers (doctors, paramedics, nurses) of rescue services of Russia, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Results assessment was made on the basis of the developed hospital records, medical triage records and expert assessment records and also statistical analysis methods.Result and their analysis. The average expert assessment of a first-aid rendered by rescuers was sufficiently high and was equal to 4.6 ± 0.1 on a 5-score rating system, where 5 points means providing full assistance in accordance with the established standards of its provision. A qualitative medical triage was provided competently, the ordering of evacuation was right, life-threatening damages and injuries were properly defined. At the stage of medical evacuation all the victims were provided with full assistance, there were no divergence of diagnoses, some differences from final diagnose were permissible at the stage of medical evacuation and had no effect on victim’s condition. In addition, a part of the victims in the hospital had medical cards, where was information about the diagnoses and the measures taken. These medical documents were also analyzed in terms of the timeliness and quality of the provision of specialized medical care to injured people in the hospital.Conclusion. The results of expert assessment during the international exercise of rescue services of Barents Rescue 2017 showed that the quality of first-aid, medical triage and emergency medical care during the evacuation and also in the hospital is high enough, but there were some remarks too. Suggestions and comments were addressed to the Exercise organizing committee to improve the engagement during first-aid and medical care to victim of the emergency and they were included in the final report on the exercise.

scholarly journals Management and cost of snakebite injuries at a teaching and referral hospital in Western Kenya

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchel Otieno Okumu ◽  
Minal Naran Patel ◽  
Foram Rajnkant Bhogayata ◽  
Francis Okumu Ochola ◽  
Irene Awuor Olweny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Continuous Medical Education ◽  
The Body ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The Cost

Background: Data on the cost of snakebite injuries may inform key pillars of universal health coverage including proper planning, allocation, and utility of resources. This study evaluated the injuries, management, and costs resulting from snakebites at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) in Kenya.  Methods: In total, medical records of 127 snakebite victims attending JOOTRH between January 2011 and December 2016 were purposely selected and data on the age, gender, type of residence (urban or rural), part of the body bitten, time of bite, injuries, pre-hospital first aid, time to hospital, length of stay, treatment, and costs were collected. Regression analysis was used to predict the total indirect cost of snakebite injuries and p≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Mortality and loss of income of hospitalized victims were considered as direct costs. Results: It was found that 43 victims were 13-24 years of age, 64 were female, 94 were from rural areas, 92 were bitten on the lower limbs, 49 were bitten between 6.00 pm and midnight, 43 attempted pre-hospital first aid, and the median time to hospital was 4.5 hours. Antivenom, supportive therapy, antibiotics, antihistamines, corticosteroids, analgesics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used. Cellulitis, compartment syndrome, gangrenous foot, psychiatric disorder, and death were the main complications. Most victims spent 1-5 days in hospital and the median cost of treating a snakebite was 2652 KES (~$26). Drugs, ward charges, and nursing procedures were the highest contributors to the total indirect cost. Victims hospitalized for 6-10 days and >10 days incurred 32% and 62% more costs, respectively, compared to those hospitalized for 1-5 days.  Conclusions: The longer snakebite victims are hospitalized, the higher the cost incurred. Continuous medical education on the correct management of snakebites should be encouraged to minimize complications that may increase hospital stays and costs incurred.

scholarly journals Medical care provision at the venue of the weightlifting event of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Ashikaga ◽  
Kihei Yoneyama ◽  
Kuniaki Hirayama ◽  
Tatsuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Ryota Muroi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Body Part ◽  
First Aid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Body Parts

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the medical care provided at the venue of the weightlifting event of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Methods We retrospectively evaluated athletes who availed of medical services at the venue during the weightlifting event of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. In total, 194 athletes participated in the weightlifting competition. Injuries and illnesses were classified into cases handled without physician or cases requiring medical examination by a physician. These were tabulated for each examination location (athlete medical station, field of play [FOP], first-aid station of training floor or warm-up area). Results Throughout the event, a cumulative total of 132 people used the venue medical services. Nine athletes required medical attention at the athlete medical stations. Of these nine cases, six occurred on the training floor. In the FOP, nine athletes were examined. Two experienced light-headedness, two had knee pain, and the rest had other symptoms. No athletes wanted to undergo medical examination at the athlete medical station. 89 medical procedures were performed in the first-aid station on the training floor, including 52 tapings and 37 ice compressions, and the most frequent body part which needed treatment was the knee, followed by the fingers. At the first-aid station on the match floor, 25 medical procedures were performed, including 17 ice compressions, 5 haemostasis, and 4 tapings. The body parts that most frequently needed treatment were the fingers, knees, and lower legs. Conclusion Several athletes needed treatment; however, only a few required medical care from a physician.

scholarly journals Routing of Medical Evacuation in System of Providing Emergency Medical Care to Patients and Victims in Emergency Situations in Stavropol Territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Eh.G. Kocharov ◽  
◽  
L.V. Porkhun ◽  
N.E. Klimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Emergency Medical Care ◽  
Trauma Centres ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Situations

The results of the implementation of the regional program "Improving road safety in the Stavropol territory" are presented. The organization of activity of 22 trauma centres in the Stavropol territory is considered. Schemes of delivery of victims of road accidents, principles and stages of successful routing in emergency situations are shown. The article analyzes the experience of the regional centre for disaster medicine in training various contingents in practical skills of first aid to victims with shock-inducing trauma.

scholarly journals Smart Wearable Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Personal Healthcare Monitoring

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Ruonan Li ◽  
Xuelian Wei ◽  
Jiahui Xu ◽  
Junhuan Chen ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Personal Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Monitoring ◽  
Smart Wearable

Accurate monitoring of motion and sleep states is critical for human health assessment, especially for a healthy life, early diagnosis of diseases, and medical care. In this work, a smart wearable sensor (SWS) based on a dual-channel triboelectric nanogenerator was presented for a real-time health monitoring system. The SWS can be worn on wrists, ankles, shoes, or other parts of the body and cloth, converting mechanical triggers into electrical output. By analyzing these signals, the SWS can precisely and constantly monitor and distinguish various motion states, including stepping, walking, running, and jumping. Based on the SWS, a fall-down alarm system and a sleep quality assessment system were constructed to provide personal healthcare monitoring and alert family members or doctors via communication devices. It is important for the healthy growth of the young and special patient groups, as well as for the health monitoring and medical care of the elderly and recovered patients. This work aimed to broaden the paths for remote biological movement status analysis and provide diversified perspectives for true-time and long-term health monitoring, simultaneously.

scholarly journals Intensive Care in a Patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
J. Wallenborn ◽  
M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Volume Management ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Mucosal Involvement

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a serious adverse drug reaction with high lethality, which usually requires intensive-medical care. A 44-year-old man developed generalized exanthema with increasing exfoliation and mucosal involvement after taking allopurinol, ibuprofen, and etoricoxib. The clinical diagnosis of TEN was histologically confirmed. Prednisolone therapy with 3 mg/kg body weight (BW) was not able to prevent further progress to finally 80% of the body surface, and infliximab 5 mg/kg BW was given as a single dose. This prevented further progression of the TEN. Despite marked improvement in skin findings, the ICU stay was prolonged by a complex analgosedation, transient kidney failure, volume management, positioning therapy, and vegetatively impeded weaning. Moreover, there was colonization with multiresistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE). Nonetheless, the patient could be restored to health and was released after four weeks. Infliximab seems to be effective in the treatment of TEN, especially in cases of rapid progression. Moreover, patients with TEN are difficult to handle in intensive-medical care, whereby attention should especially be paid to sufficient pain therapy, and the positioning of the patient is a particular challenge.

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