scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA DE DUAS VARIAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS DO MÉTODO DE AMOSTRAGEM DE ÁREA FIXA EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
João Paulo Druszcz ◽  
Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
Sylvio Pellico Netto ◽  
Sebastião do Amaral Machado ◽  
Nelson Carlos Rosot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Este estudo foi conduzido em três diferentes condições de plantações de Pinus taeda L., sem desbastes, com 10, 9 e 7 anos de idade, 2.000 árvores por hectare e diferentes inclinações no terreno, localizados no Estado do Paraná. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do inventário florestal, utilizando-se a amostragem de área fixa com a estrutura de parcela circular (PC) e conglomerado em cruz (CC), através da análise do comportamento quanto às precisões e eficiências relativas nas estimativas das seguintes variáveis: diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores por ha, área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha). Para isso, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 40 unidades amostrais para a PC e 10 unidades para o CC, sendo este composto por 4 subunidades circulares. Concluiu-se que, para as variáveis diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), indica-se a utilização do método de área fixa com PC, tendo em vista a maior eficiência no levantamento dessas variáveis.Palavras-chave: Eficiência relativa; precisão; reflorestamento. AbstractStructural efficiency of two variations of method of sampling of fixed area in plantations of Pinus taeda. This study was carried out in three different stands of Pinus taeda L., unthinned and aged 10, 9 and 7 years. The stands have 2.000 trees per hectare and are located in Parana State. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of inventories using circular plot (PC) and cross cluster (CC) by analyses of behavior towards accuracies and relative efficiencies for estimation of the following variables: average diameter at breast height, number of trees, basal area and total volume per hectare. For this study, it was taken a sample of 40 units to the PC structure and 10 units for the CC structure, which is composed of four circular subunits, and it was used the randomized block design. It was concluded that for the variable diameter (cm), number of trees (ha), basal area (m2/ha) and total volume (m3/ha) it is indicated the use of PC, since its greater efficiency in the survey of these variables.Keywords: Relative efficiency; accuracy; reforestation.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Sampling Methods for Dendrometric Estimates of Thinned Stands of Pinus taeda L. in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Klerysson Julio Farias ◽  
Thiago Floriani Stepka ◽  
Marcos Felipe Nicoletti ◽  
Luis Paulo Baldissera Schorr ◽  
Geedre Adriano Borsoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Installation Time

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of the sampling methods: Fixed Area, Bitterlich, Prodan and Modified Prodan to estimate the commercial volume and other dendrometric estimators for a 34 years old of Pinus taeda L. stands located in Campo Belo do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil. It were distributed a total of 10 sample units of the following methods: Fixed Area with 200, 400 and 500 m² of area, Bitterlich, Prodan and Modified Prodan were distributed, both with 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 trees. In addition to collecting dendrometric data, the installation time of the sample units was timed, whereby the relative efficiency for each method was calculated. The comparison between the harvest volumes and the volumes estimated by the methods was performed by the Skott Knott test, and the results that did not differ statistically were weighted by the parameters of relative error, relative efficiency and proximity to harvest. All variations of the Modified Prodan and Prodan methods had sample insufficiency. The number of trees per hectare presented higher values for the 200 m² Fixed Area method and lower values for Prodan with 10 trees. Prodan with 6 trees got the shortest time. The Bitterlich method obtained sample adequancy at 10% error and presented the best result. Among the alternative methods to Fixed Area, Modified Prodan with 7 trees can be indicated for pilot inventory. However, when more precise results are needed, the Bitterlich method is indicated.

scholarly journals Precision and accuracy of sampling methods in thinned Pinus taeda L. stands

FLORESTA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 045
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Veiga Miranda ◽  
Felipe De Antoni Zarpelon ◽  
Síntia Valério Kohler ◽  
Alvaro Augusto Vieira Soares ◽  
Izabele Domingues Soares Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Area And Volume

Different sampling methods can be used in forest surveys. It is important to know the precision and accuracy of these sampling methods, and which one is the most appropriate in specific conditions of the forest population. The aim of this study was to compare estimates of a forest inventory performed by different sampling methods with forest census results. The sampling methods evaluated were the fixed-area method and the variable-area methods of Bitterlich, Prodan, and Strand. The data were obtained in a 15-year-old thinned stand of Pinus taeda L., located in the municipality of Teixeira Soares, southern Brazil, with a total area of 12.80 ha. Initially, the forest census was carried out, and subsequently, the sample units for each sampling method were distributed in the stand, with a common starting point. The variables used to compare the sample results with the census means were quadratic diameter, number of trees, basal area, and volume, per hectare. Precision and accuracy were evaluated by sampling error and whether the confidence intervals covered the population means, respectively. The fixed-area and Bitterlich methods stood out in precision for all variables analysed. The fixed-area, Bitterlich and Strand methods with proportion to height provided more accurate estimates. The Prodan method provided inaccurate and imprecise estimates for the variables under analysis, except for the quadratic diameter.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS MÉTODOS DE AMOSTRAGEM DE BITTERLICH E DE ÁREA FIXA COM PARCELA CIRCULAR EM PLANTAÇÃO DE Pinus taeda

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Druszcz ◽  
Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
Sylvio Péllico Netto ◽  
Mauro Yoshitani Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Este estudo objetivou comparar o método de amostragem de Bitterlich e o de área fixa com Parcela Circular. Estes dois métodos foram avaliados quanto à precisão e eficiência na estimativa das variáveis DAP médio, número de árvores, área basal e volume total, por hectare. Foram selecionadas três condições de plantios de Pinus taeda, localizados na fazenda Boa Vista, no município de Carambeí – PR. Na análise simultânea das três condições para as estimativas das variáveis DAP médio e número de árvores, por hectare, o método de amostragem de área fixa com Parcela Circular foi o mais preciso e eficiente. Já para a análise de área basal e volume total, por hectare, o método de amostragem de Bitterlich foi o mais preciso e eficiente. Conclui-se que o método de área fixa com Parcela Circular foi mais preciso e eficiente para a estimativa das variáveis DAP médio e número de árvores, já que se trata de um método no qual a seleção dos indivíduos é proporcional à área da parcela. O método de Bitterlich, por ser um método que faz a seleção dos indivíduos com probabilidade à área basal, foi mais preciso e eficiente para a estimativa das variáveis área basal e volume total.Palavras-chave: Método de amostragem; precisão e eficiência; Pinus taeda. AbstractComparison between Bitterlich and fixed area circular plot sampling methods in Pinus taeda L plantation. This study aimed to compare the Bitterlich sampling method to the fixed area circular plot. These two methods were evaluated with respect to the accuracy and efficiency for estimating the variables mean DBH, number of trees, basal area and total volume per hectare. Three conditions for Pinus taeda plantations were selected. They were located in Boa Vista farm, Carambeí County, State of Paraná. Results showed that the fixed area circular plot was more efficient and accurate to estimate the mean DBH and the number of trees per hectare because it is a method where the trees selection is proportional to the plot area, whereas the Bitterlich method was more efficient and accurate to estimate the basal area and the total volume per hectare because the trees selection is related to the basal area.Keywords: Sampling methods; accuracy and efficiency; Pinus taeda.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE BITTERLICH POINT SAMPLING AND THE METHOD OF FIXED AREA SAMPLING WITH STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN Pinus taeda PLANTATIONS

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
João Paulo Druszcz ◽  
Sebastião Do Amaral Machado ◽  
Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
Nelson Carlos Rosot ◽  
Roberto Tuyoshi Hosokawa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Point Sampling ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
The City

AbstractThis study aimed to compare two methods of sampling, one is the method of variable area represented by the Bitterlich point (PB) sampling and the other is the method of fixed area represented by circular plots (PC) with structural variation, the cross sampling cluster (CC) and the line sampling cluster (CL). Precision and efficiency in estimation of the variables mean DBH (cm), number of trees (N/ha), basal area (m2/ha) and total volume (m3/3) in three plantation conditions of Pinus taeda L., located in the city of Carambeí, Paraná, were assessed. In simultaneous analysis of the three conditions to estimate the mean DBH and number of trees per hectare variables, the sampling method of fixed area with Circular Plot (PC) was the most accurate and efficient. The Bitterlich point sampling method (PB) was more accurate and efficient for the estimation of basal area and total volume variables. The two structures of sampling method of the fixed area with Cross Cluster (CC) and with Line Cluster (CL) demonstrated good results being the line cluster superior to the cross cluster.ResumoEficiência do método de amostragem de Bitterlich e de área fixa com variações estruturais em plantações de Pinus taeda. O estudo visou comparar dois métodos de amostragem, sendo eles o de área variável, o qual foi representado pelo método Ponto de Bitterlich (PB) e o de área fixa, representado pela Parcela Circular (PC) e as variações estruturais em Conglomerado em Cruz (CC) e Conglomerado em Linha (CL) com subunidades circulares. Foram avaliadas a precisão e eficiência para a estimativa da variável DAP médio (cm), número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), em três condições de plantações, localizadas no município de Carambeí, PR. Na análise simultânea das três condições para a estimativa da variável DAP médio (cm) e número de árvores (N/ha), o método de área fixa com Parcela Circular (PC) foi o mais preciso e eficiente. Para a estimativa da variável área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), o método de área variável Ponto de Bitterlich foi mais preciso e eficiente. As duas estruturas do método de área fixa, utilizando-se o Conglomerado em Cruz (CC) e o Conglomerado em Linha (CL) apresentaram resultados precisos e eficientes, entretanto, o CL foi superior ao CC.Palavras-chave: Eficiência relativa; precisão; reflorestamento.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC MODELS OF COMPETITION FOR Pinus taeda L GENETIC PARAMETERS ESTIMATION

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ishibashi ◽  
Diego Tyszka Martinez ◽  
Antonio Rioyei Higa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the phenotypic models of competition, through spatial analysis in the genetic evaluation of Pinus taeda L progenies. For this, four competition covariates were used to adjust the phenotypic values in a P. taeda progeny test installed in four different locations in the state of Santa Catarina. The test was implemented in randomized block design, with seven repetitions, linear plots containing six plants per plot in 2.5 m x 2.0 m spacing. The test installed in sites A, B, and D present 63 families and site C 53 families. At nine years old, the diameter at the breast height was measured for all individuals. The presence or absence of competition was based on the residual autocorrelation coefficients, which had its significance tested by the Durbin-Watson test. In general, the use of covariates corrected the competition effect. The variances among and within plots, as well as the residual variation coefficient, were reduced. The classification by the genetic effect of the individuals in the progeny test was extremely altered for this data set with and without the use of covariates for sites A and D, as well as the genotype x environment interaction. The use of these two tools is of great importance in the analysis of data in P. taeda progeny tests, since the effects of competition can lead to mistakes in the selection of individuals and in the definition of improvement zones.

scholarly journals Growing space in a 35-year-old Pinus taeda stand

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Marina Gorgete Santos ◽  
Caio Silvestre Lima Sanson ◽  
João Paulo Sardo Madi ◽  
Alexandre Behling ◽  
Mário Dobner Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Probability Density Functions ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Height Data

Considering the economic importance of the Pinus species in Brazil, especially in the southern region, this study was carried out to fill some gaps and assist in the production processes of this species. The specific objective was to evaluate the influence of different growing space regimes in experimental plantations of Pinus taeda L., aged 35 years, without thinning, located in the state of Santa Catarina. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height data were collected, and the Gamma and Weibull (3P) probability density functions (PDF) were used to describe the structure of the diameter and height variables, respectively. Then multivariate analysis and discriminant functions were applied to identify the correlation of these variables. For qualitative variables, tree health was assessed in three classifications: 1 - Healthy, with no apparent damage; 2 - Initial stage of deterioration by pests and/or diseases; and 3 - Advanced stage of deterioration by pests and/or diseases. The trunk quality variable was also evaluated in three classifications: 1 - Trunk without apparent defects; 2 - Slightly crooked trunk, however cylindrical and devoid of considerable ramifications; and 3 - Trunk with strong tortuosity or bifurcation. The results showed that growing space directly affected the average diameter. Stands with greater space per tree maximized the variables when considering height and DBH together. Stands with less growing space, on the other hand, favored better trunk quality, and the dominant individuals in height had superior health and trunk quality compared to the others.

scholarly journals Precision, efficiency and cost of shapes of fixed area plots for plantation ages of Pinus taeda L. in Santa Catarina State

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Alois Zator Filho ◽  
Myrcia Minatti ◽  
Antonio Pedro Fragoso Woycikievicz ◽  
Jonathan William Trautenmuller ◽  
Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Area And Volume

Generally, the forest populations are extensive and frequently require to be inventoried in short term, where the implementation of forest inventory is closely linked to the sampling theory. With objective to compare three different shapes of fixed area plots to estimate parameters of the forest as average diameter, basal area, the number of trees and volume per hectare, evaluating the respective precision, relative efficiency, cost and measurement time in four different ages. The rectangular plot had presented better precision to estimate the average DBH, number of trees and basal area and the circular plot with better precision for volume per hectare. About efficiency, the square plot had presented the best efficiency for the variable average DBH, basal area and volume and the circular plot was the most efficient for the numbers of trees ha-1. The square plot also had shown the lower cost and measurement time to estimate the variables evaluated. The rectangular plot had presented the best precision in the estimative of the variables, as well as, the lower sampling error in the most of the cases evaluated in this study, following the circular plot, and the square plot with lower precision. In relation to the efficiency, the square plot had presented the best performance and the rectangular plot the worst performance in all age classes and evaluated variables. The square plots as the best plot shape to estimate the variables average DBH, number of trees, basal area and volume per hectare.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE AMOSTRAGEM EM FRAGMENTOS DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA, EM LEBON RÉGIS, SC

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Saulo Jorge Téo ◽  
Chaiane Rodrigues Schneider ◽  
Luan Demarco Fiorentin ◽  
Reinaldo Hoinacki da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Fixed Area

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar e comparar métodos de amostragem de Área Fixa, Bitterlich, Strand e Prodan em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista em Lebon Régis, SC. O processo de amostragem utilizada foi aleatória simples. Em cada unidade amostral, foram avaliadas todas as árvores de diâmetro à altura do peito maior ou igual a 5 cm. Para o método de Área Fixa, utilizou-se dimensões 10 x 50 m (500 m²); para Bitterlich e Strand, adotou-se Fator de Área Basal igual a 2; e para Prodan, foram avaliadas as 6 árvores mais próximas. Apenas o método de amostragem da Área Fixa apresentou suficiência amostral, porém também apresentou o maior tempo de execução no campo, com resultados significativamente diferentes dos demais. Já a eficiência relativa apresentou-se maior para o método de Strand, porém sem diferença estatística significativa com relação aos demais. Não houve diferenças significativas entre o número de árvores e área basal por hectare, estimados pelos diferentes métodos de amostragem.Palavras-chave: Inventário Florestal; eficiência relativa; floresta com araucária. AbstractComparison of sampling methods in Mixed Ombrophyllous Forest fragments, in Lebon Régis - SC. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare sampling methods Fixed Area, Bitterlich, Strand and Prodan, in fragments of Mixed Ombrophyllous Forest, in Lebon Régis, SC state, Brazil. The forest inventory applies a simple random sampling. At each sampling unit, we evaluated every tree with diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 5 cm. For the method of Fixed Area we used dimensions of 10 x 50 m (500 m²), for Bitterlich and Strand we adopted Basal Area Factor equal to 2, and for Prodan we evaluated the 6 nearest trees. Only the Fixed Area method presented sampling sufficiency, however, it presented highest execution time in the field as well, with results significantly different from the other sampling methods. The relative efficiency was higher for Strand, but without statistical significance compare to the other methods. There were no significant differences between the number of trees and basal area per hectare, estimated by the different sampling methods.Keywords: Forest inventory; relative efficiency; araucaria forest. 

scholarly journals EFECTOS DE LA DENSIDAD DE PLANTACIÓN Y LA ALTURA DE PODA SOBRE LA PRODUCCION DE Pinus taeda L. A LOS 5 AÑOS DE EDAD

FLORESTA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Costas ◽  
Patricio Mac Donagh ◽  
Elizabeth Weber ◽  
Pedro Irschick ◽  
José Palavecino
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
High Density ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

En un ensayo con 3 niveles de densidad y 11 niveles de altura de poda, se evaluaron los efectos de la densidad, la altura de poda y la interacción entre ambas sobre la producción de la masa de Pinus taeda L. a los 5 años de edad. Las variables sobre las cuales se analizó la producción fueron el volumen por unidad de superficie, el área basal, el volumen individual, el diámetro a la altura de pecho y la altura.Se observaron mayores volumen por unidad de superficie y área basal y menores volúmenes individuales y los diámetros a la altura de pecho en los tratamientos con mayor densidad. Para todas las variables respuestas, excepto la altura, se observó que en general a mayor altura de poda se produjeron valores medios menores y viceversa.La interacción entre densidad y altura de poda no fue significativa para ninguna de las variables respuestas. STAND DENSITY AND PRUNE HEIGTH EFFECTS OVER FIVE YEAR OLD YIELD PLANTATION OF Pinus taeda L. Abstract The effects of the stand density and prune height, and the interaction between them, have been evaluated over the yield of five years old Pinus taeda plantation. There were three density levels and eleven prune heights. There were analyzed volume per hectare, basal area, tree volume, diameter at breast height (dbh) and height. It were found higher volume and basal area per hectare, and lower tree volume and dbh for the high density treatments. Except tree height, all the others variables showed lower average values with the increasing of the prune height. The interaction between stand density and prune height was not significant for all analyzed variables.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND VOLUMETRIC PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Wesley Gomes Silva ◽  
Darcy Maria da Conceição Laura dos Santos ◽  
Ana Paula Leite Lima ◽  
Filipi Duran Mattos ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
The Ideal

In forest stands, the ideal planting spacing can provide each tree with enough space for its establishment, aiming at greater growth and wood quality, according to the objective of planting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth in height, diameter, and volumetric production of three eucalyptus clones planted in different spacings. The experiment was carried out in an area belonging to Campo Bom Farm, in Chapadão do Sul, MS. A randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme, combining six spacings (2.5 x 0.5 m; 2.5 x 1.0 m; 2.5 x 2.0 m; 3.0 x 0.5 m; 3.0 x 1.0 m and 3.0 x 2.0 m) and three clone of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (GG 680, GG 157 and GG 100) with three replications. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of all plants were evaluated at 12, 18, 24, and 32 months after planting. At 32 months, the cubage of a tree per plot was performed to obtain the volume of wood per tree and hectare. In the largest spacings, the highest average plant heights were observed. The growth of plant height was reduced from 24 months of age, except for the GG 680 clone, at 2.5 x 2.0 m and 2.5 x 1.0 m spacings, and in GG 100 clone, at 2.5 x 1.0 m spacing. The average diameter and volume per tree increased with the spacing for the three clones, while the volume per area was higher in the denser spacing. Wood volume production per area was dependent on the spacing used for the three clones.

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