GROWTH AND VOLUMETRIC PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACES

In forest stands, the ideal planting spacing can provide each tree with enough space for its establishment, aiming at greater growth and wood quality, according to the objective of planting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth in height, diameter, and volumetric production of three eucalyptus clones planted in different spacings. The experiment was carried out in an area belonging to Campo Bom Farm, in Chapadão do Sul, MS. A randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme, combining six spacings (2.5 x 0.5 m; 2.5 x 1.0 m; 2.5 x 2.0 m; 3.0 x 0.5 m; 3.0 x 1.0 m and 3.0 x 2.0 m) and three clone of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (GG 680, GG 157 and GG 100) with three replications. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of all plants were evaluated at 12, 18, 24, and 32 months after planting. At 32 months, the cubage of a tree per plot was performed to obtain the volume of wood per tree and hectare. In the largest spacings, the highest average plant heights were observed. The growth of plant height was reduced from 24 months of age, except for the GG 680 clone, at 2.5 x 2.0 m and 2.5 x 1.0 m spacings, and in GG 100 clone, at 2.5 x 1.0 m spacing. The average diameter and volume per tree increased with the spacing for the three clones, while the volume per area was higher in the denser spacing. Wood volume production per area was dependent on the spacing used for the three clones.

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EFICIÊNCIA DE DUAS VARIAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS DO MÉTODO DE AMOSTRAGEM DE ÁREA FIXA EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i4.29928 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 621

Author(s):

João Paulo Druszcz ◽

Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽

Sylvio Pellico Netto ◽

Sebastião do Amaral Machado ◽

Nelson Carlos Rosot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Relative Efficiency ◽

Block Design ◽

Basal Area ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Breast Height ◽

Variable Diameter ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fixed Area ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Este estudo foi conduzido em três diferentes condições de plantações de Pinus taeda L., sem desbastes, com 10, 9 e 7 anos de idade, 2.000 árvores por hectare e diferentes inclinações no terreno, localizados no Estado do Paraná. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do inventário florestal, utilizando-se a amostragem de área fixa com a estrutura de parcela circular (PC) e conglomerado em cruz (CC), através da análise do comportamento quanto às precisões e eficiências relativas nas estimativas das seguintes variáveis: diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores por ha, área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha). Para isso, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 40 unidades amostrais para a PC e 10 unidades para o CC, sendo este composto por 4 subunidades circulares. Concluiu-se que, para as variáveis diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), indica-se a utilização do método de área fixa com PC, tendo em vista a maior eficiência no levantamento dessas variáveis.Palavras-chave: Eficiência relativa; precisão; reflorestamento. AbstractStructural efficiency of two variations of method of sampling of fixed area in plantations of Pinus taeda. This study was carried out in three different stands of Pinus taeda L., unthinned and aged 10, 9 and 7 years. The stands have 2.000 trees per hectare and are located in Parana State. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of inventories using circular plot (PC) and cross cluster (CC) by analyses of behavior towards accuracies and relative efficiencies for estimation of the following variables: average diameter at breast height, number of trees, basal area and total volume per hectare. For this study, it was taken a sample of 40 units to the PC structure and 10 units for the CC structure, which is composed of four circular subunits, and it was used the randomized block design. It was concluded that for the variable diameter (cm), number of trees (ha), basal area (m2/ha) and total volume (m3/ha) it is indicated the use of PC, since its greater efficiency in the survey of these variables.Keywords: Relative efficiency; accuracy; reforestation.

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GENETIC VARIABILITY IN PROGENIES OF Eucalyptus grandis AND Eucalyptus urophylla FOR TOLERANCE TO HYDRIC DEFICIT

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v48i4.56213 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 543 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mateus Chagas ◽

Leandro Siqueira ◽

Shinitiro Oda ◽

Raimundo Medeiros ◽

Evandro Vagner Tambarussi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Block Design ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Forest Expansion ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Coefficient Of Genetic Variation

Genetic variability in progenies of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla for tolerance to hydric deficit. Information on the adaptation and genetic potential of Eucalyptus under water deficit conditions is necessary owing to the increasing cultivation of the genus in regions considered as "forest frontiers". Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate genetic variability, genotypic and phenotypic correlations, and estimated genetic gains in progenies of E. grandis and E. urophylla. Two progeny tests (TP1 and TP2) were performed in the municipality of Vila Nova dos Martirios (state of Maranhão, Brazil), in 30-month-old plants. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design, with five replicates, nine plants/square plot, and 144 treatments in TP1 and 264 in TP2. Statistical analysis was performed and genetic parameters were estimated. Individual and within-progeny heritabilities were corrected using the kinship coefficient for eachspecies. Genetic gains were low, ranging from 0.96 to 6.39% for E. grandis and 1.62 to 5.48% for E. urophylla. The diameter at breast height (DBH) showed a higher coefficient of genetic variation compared with the other measured characteristics, suggesting a higher potential for selection. High, positive, and significant correlations were observed between DBH and height (H), indicating the possibility of obtaining gains based on a single characteristic. Heritability was considered low, thus directly influencing the selection gains, which were lower than those commonly reported in other studies. These findings provide important information for breeding programs in areas of forest expansion.

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PRODUCTION OF Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis SEEDLINGS WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v50i2.62303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1231

Author(s):

Rodrigo Camara ◽

Cristiane Figueira da Silva ◽

Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽

Gabriela Cavalcanti Alves ◽

Dereck Halley Anthony Alves Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerial Part ◽

Block Design ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Absorption Efficiency ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Growth And Nutrition ◽

Applied Dose

Mineral fertilization is an important practice that contributes to the production of seedlings with satisfactory quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of potassium chloride (KCl) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on growth and nutrition of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. The experiment was conducted in full sun, with direct sowing in tubes containing composite substrate (Pinus bark, coconut fiber, bovine manure and vermiculite). The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five doses of KCl (0.0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, and 0.200 g seedling-1) and two doses of MAP (0 and 0.10g seedling-1), with four replicates. At 120 days, the effect of the interaction between the KCl and MAP doses was verified for the variables: diameter at root collar, dry mass of the aerial part (DMAP) and total (TDM), Dickson Quality Index, N content, P K in the aerial part, K content in the roots, absorption efficiency (AE) of N and P. For the variables: height (H); leaf area; root dry mass (RDM); H/DRC and DMPA/RDM ratios; and N and P content in the roots, only effect of the application of MAP is observed, whereas for AE_K the effect was only of KCl. Thus, there is variation in the effect of KCl doses as a function of morphological and nutritional variables evaluated. In general, the best seedling growth and nutrition occurs with the applied dose of 0.100 g KCl + 0.10 g MAP seedling -1.

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Effect of Different Varieties and Silicon Fertilizer on the Rooting Efficiency and Productivity of Mini-Cuttings and Powdery Mildew Disease of Eucalypt

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v41i430407 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karine Fernandes Caiafa ◽

Haroldo Nogueira De Paiva ◽

Laiz de Oliveira Sartori

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Block Design ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Silicon Fertilizer ◽

Increase In Productivity ◽

Si Content ◽

Efficiency And Productivity

Considering that silicon (Si) is a nutrient that stands out in the control of fungal diseases and in the increase in productivity of several cultures, this study intend to evaluate its influence on the productivity and severity of mildew in mini-stumps, as well as rooting of eucalyptus mini-cuttings. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications in split plot scheme, the first factor related to Silicon doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mmol L-1) and the second factor related to five clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids (I144, I224, 3334, GG100, GG680). The following variables were evaluated: Si content in mini-cuttings, powdery mildew severity and mini-stumps productivity, and rooting of mini-cuttings. The highest absorption of Si was obtained with a dose of 1.22 mmol L-1 (0.14%). There was no influence of the nutrient solution containing Si on the productivity of mini-stumps, powdery mildew severity or rooting of eucalyptus mini-cuttings. Clones GG100 and 3334 presented, respectively, the best and worst results for all evaluated variables.

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Uji Efektivitas Waktu Pemberian Nutrisi Terhadap Produksi Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L) Varietas New Grand Rapids Pada Sistem Aeroponik

Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian ◽

10.35138/paspalum.v9i2.316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Rommy Andhika Laksono

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Grand Rapids ◽

Cultivation Technique ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Average Plant ◽

The Right

The demand for lettuce in Indonesia still cannot be fulfilled because lettuce production in Indonesia is still very low according to data from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency in 2019. To meet the needs of lettuce at the request of the community and the market, an intensive cultivation technique is needed, namely the aeroponic system. The purpose of this study was to get the right timing of nutrition to produce the highest production of green lettuce plants in an aeroponic system. The research method used is an experimental method with the environmental design used is a Single Factor Randomized Block Design (RBD), which consists of 6 treatments repeated 4 times. The treatments consisted of t1 (5 minutes off, 30 seconds on), t2 (10 minutes off, 30 seconds on), t3 (15 minutes off, 30 seconds on), t4 (20 minutes off, 30 seconds on), t5 (25 minutes off, 30 seconds on), t6 (non-stop). Analysis of the data used is the F test at 5% level and to find out which treatment is the best, DMRT further test is carried out at the 5% level. The results showed that the t6 treatment gave better growth and yields than other treatments. At the age of 42 days after observation, the average plant height was 29.4 cm; the average number of leaves 15.22; the average diameter of the rods is 14.11 mm; mean root length 10.34 cm; 2003 mean leaf area, 59 cm2 ; and the average fresh weight was 670.1 g.

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VARIAÇÃO LONGITUDINAL E EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NA MASSA ESPECÍFICA BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Mimosa scabrella E Ateleia glazioveana

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i2.29266 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elder Eloy ◽

Braulio Otomar Caron ◽

Rômulo Trevisan ◽

Denise Schmidt ◽

Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Technological Characteristic ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Living Space ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Axial Variation ◽

Set Up

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação longitudinal e o efeito do espaçamento de plantio na massa específica básica das árvores de Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, aos 36 meses de idade. Analisou-se um experimento instalado em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos em função dos espaçamentos (2,0x1,0 m, 2,0x1,5 m, 3,0x1,0 m e 3,0x1,5 m). Foram avaliadas 72 árvores, sendo essas medidas e cubadas pelo método de Smalian. Em seguida, foram retirados discos nas posições do tronco: 0,10 m (base), 1,30 m do solo (DAP – Diâmetro a Altura do Peito), 25%, 50% e 75% da altura total da árvore, para determinação da massa específica básica. A massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella apresentou um decréscimo até a região do DAP, seguido de acréscimo, sem tendência de estabilização com a altura. A Ateleia glazioveana apresentou uma tendência de decréscimo no sentido base-topo das árvores. Os espaçamentos influenciaram a variação da massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana, não sendo verificada uma variação sistemática positiva ou negativa em relação ao espaço vital proporcionado.Palavras-chave: Variação axial; característica tecnológica da madeira; qualidade da madeira; espaçamento de plantio. AbstractLongitudinal variation and effect of spacing on basic density wood of Mimosa scabrella and Ateleia glazioveana. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in length and effect of spacing of the basic density of Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, trees with 36 months of age. We analyzed an experiment set up in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were defined by the spacing (2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m, 3.0x1.5 m). 72 trees were evaluated, and these measures and scaled by the method of Smalian. Then, the disks were removed from the trunk positions: 0.10 m (base), 1.30 m (DAP - diameter at breast height), 25%, 50% and 75% of the total height of the tree, determining the basic density. The basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella showed a decrease to the region of the DAP, followed by addition, without a tendency to stabilize with time. The Ateleia glazioveana showed a decreasing trend towards bottom-up tree. The spacing influenced the variation of basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana not been verified a systematic positive or negative trend in relation to the living space provided. Keywords: Axial variation; technological characteristic of wood; wood quality; planting space.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Petelur Dan NPK Mutiara 16:16:16 Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Lai Mahakam (Durio Kutejensis Hassk Becc) Belum Menghasilkan

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v5i1.470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Zainudin Zainudin

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Laying Hen ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Height Increment ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Treatment Dose ◽

Average Plant ◽

Average Plant Height

This study aims to determine the dose of laying hens manure and fertilizer NPK 16:16:16 Mutiara right and the interaction between the dosing laying hen manure and NPK 16:16:16 pearls in improving plant growth Lai Mahakam immature. The study was conducted over four months, from May to September 2015 starting from land clearance, maintenance of plants, to capture data. This research was conducted at Badak Mekar village, Muara Badak, Regency. The design of the study is a randomized block design factorial 3 x 3 with three replications. The first factor is the dose of chicken manure (K) consisting of 3 levels: K0 (control), K1 (10 kg / plant) and K2 (20 kg / plant). The second factor is the dose of fertilizer NPK 16:16:16 Mutiara (M) comprises 3 levels: M0 (Control), M1 (200 g / plant) and M2 (400 g / plant). The treatment dose of chicken manure had no significant effect on all parameters of observation. Treatment fertilizer NPK 16:16:16 Mutiara very significant effect on all parameters of observation. The best treatment for an average plant height increment of age 90 days after treatment was achieved by treatment M1 (200 g / plant) is 15.54 cm while the lowest treatment was achieved by treatment M0 (control) is 7.03 cm. Interaction between chicken manure and NPK 16:16:16 Mutiara not significantly affected all parameters of observation.

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GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS TO RECOMMEND COWPEA CULTIVARS FOR GREEN GRAIN PRODUCTION

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n205rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 321-331

Author(s):

LEANE FIALHO DE MELO ◽

MARCELO DE SOUSA PINHEIRO ◽

RENATA FERNANDES DE MATOS ◽

JÚLIO CÉSAR DOVALE ◽

CÂNDIDA HERMÍNIA CAMPOS DE MAGALHÃES BERTINI

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

The State ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Gge Biplot ◽

Grain Production ◽

Stability Analyses ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Climatic Regions ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Ideal

ABSTRACT Genotypes can respond differently to environments; thus, studies on adaptability and production stability are important to assist breeders in the identification and recommendation of cultivars. The objective of this work was to determine the adaptability and production stability of cowpea genotypes focused on subsidize recommendations of cultivars for green grain production in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Five assays were conducted in different locations in two climatic regions of the state of Ceará: a tropical mild hot semiarid region encompassing the municipalities of Acaraú, Pentecoste, and Crato, and a tropical hot semiarid region encompassing the municipalities of Mauriti and Madalena. Twenty cowpea genotypes-12 elite lines and 8 cultivars-were evaluated for cultivation value and use, using a randomized block design, with four replications. The results were subjected to analyses of variance and adaptability and green grain yield stability analyses by GGE biplot multivariate analysis. The effects of genotypes, environments, and G×E were significant, denoting different responses of genotypes in different locations. The results of the adaptability and stability analyses by the GGE biplot method showed that the two principal components explained 72.17% of the total variation, allowing reliable bidimensional projections. The municipality of Crato was the ideal location for tests and the lines MNC05-847B-123 and MNC00-595F-27 showed good production, adaptation, and stability, and can be recommended for green grain production in the state of Ceará, Brazil.

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Hidrogel, calagem e adubação no desenvolvimento inicial, sobrevivência e composição nutricional de plantas híbridas de eucalipto

Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira ◽

10.4336/2016.pfb.36.86.990 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (86) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Edinéia Messias Martins Bartieres ◽

Natália Hilgert de Souza Carnevali ◽

Elizeu De Souza Lima ◽

Thiago Oliveira Carnevali ◽

Viviane Mallmann

Keyword(s):

Early Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus

Com a premissa de que a utilização de hidrogel associado à calagem e adubação em plantios de eucalipto aumenta a retenção de água e o teor de nutrientes no solo, objetivou-se avaliar a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento inicial de clones híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis, em função da utilização de hidrogel, calagem e adubação. Em um Argissolo Vermelho, foram dispostos os tratamentos: 1) controle, 2) hidrogel, 3) adubação convencional, 4) adubação + calagem, 5) adubação + hidrogel e 6) adubação + calagem + hidrogel. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência, a altura, o diâmetro do caule, o teor de macronutrientes na parte aérea e atributos químicos do solo. O tratamento adubação + hidrogel proporcionou maior altura e diâmetro aos 240 dias após o transplante. Contudo, a sobrevivência foi maior no tratamento com adubação convencional. Os resultados indicam a viabilidade do uso de hidrogel. Porém, mais estudos devem ser realizados para comprovação de seus efeitos e recomendação de dosagens adequadas.Hydrogel, liming and fertilizing in early development, survival and nutritional composition of eucalyptus hybrid plantsWith the premise that use of hydrogel associated with liming and fertilization in eucalyptus plantations increases water retention and nutrient content in the soil, this work aimed to evaluate the survival and early development of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis when using hydrogel, liming and fertilization. In Ultisol, the treatments were: 1) control, 2) hydrogel, 3) conventional fertilization, 4) fertilizer + lime, 5) fertilizer + hydrogel and 6) fertilizer + lime + hydrogel. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with six replications and six plants per plot. We evaluated height, diameter, survival, macronutrient content in shoot and soil chemical properties. The hydrogel + fertilization treatment provided bigger height and diameter at 240 days after transplant, however, the survival was higher in fertilization treatment. The results indicate the viability of the hydrogel use. However but more studies are needed to prove its effects and recommendation of appropriate dosages.Index terms: Initial growth; Nutritional evaluation; Hidroretentor gel

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MIXED AND MONOSPECIFIC STANDS OF EUCALYPTUS AND BLACK-WATTLE. II - FINE ROOT BIOMASS DENSITY

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201521021255 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 209-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Márcio Viera ◽

Mauro Valdir Schumacher ◽

Edenilson Vieira Liberalesso ◽

Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro

Keyword(s):

Root Biomass ◽

Fine Root ◽

Block Design ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Fine Root Biomass ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Acacia Mearnsii ◽

Biomass Density ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Black Wattle

The aim of this study was to evaluate fine root biomass density (FRBD) in mixed and monospecific stands of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and Acacia mearnsii(black wattle) in Bagé-RS (Southern Brazil). An experimental trial was installed with three treatments: 100% Eucalyptus (100E); 100% Acacia mearnsii (100A); 50% Eucalyptus + 50% Acacia mearnsii (50E:50A). The trial was carried using a randomized block design with three replicates. The fine root (≤ 2.0mm) biomass density was determined 8 and 18 months after planting the trees. Soil samples were collected, with a cylindrical extractor auger (d = 7.0 cm), from four depths (0 - 5, 5 - 10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 30 cm) at each sampling point. After 8 months, the FRBD distribution was the same in both species and in all soil layers, reaching the maximum projection at 125 cm from the tree trunk. After 18 months, the root biomass density was higher in the monospecific black wattle stand than in the monospecific eucalyptus stand and the mixed stand. The fine root biomass density was highest in the 5 - 10 cm layer close to the trunk, for the planting row spacing, the planting line and the diagonals between two planting lines. Knowledge about fine root growth and distribution in soil at initial stages of stand development may help in decision-making for intensive forestry, thus ensuring more efficient use of soil resources.

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