scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE BITTERLICH POINT SAMPLING AND THE METHOD OF FIXED AREA SAMPLING WITH STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN Pinus taeda PLANTATIONS

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
João Paulo Druszcz ◽  
Sebastião Do Amaral Machado ◽  
Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
Nelson Carlos Rosot ◽  
Roberto Tuyoshi Hosokawa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Point Sampling ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
The City

AbstractThis study aimed to compare two methods of sampling, one is the method of variable area represented by the Bitterlich point (PB) sampling and the other is the method of fixed area represented by circular plots (PC) with structural variation, the cross sampling cluster (CC) and the line sampling cluster (CL). Precision and efficiency in estimation of the variables mean DBH (cm), number of trees (N/ha), basal area (m2/ha) and total volume (m3/3) in three plantation conditions of Pinus taeda L., located in the city of Carambeí, Paraná, were assessed. In simultaneous analysis of the three conditions to estimate the mean DBH and number of trees per hectare variables, the sampling method of fixed area with Circular Plot (PC) was the most accurate and efficient. The Bitterlich point sampling method (PB) was more accurate and efficient for the estimation of basal area and total volume variables. The two structures of sampling method of the fixed area with Cross Cluster (CC) and with Line Cluster (CL) demonstrated good results being the line cluster superior to the cross cluster.ResumoEficiência do método de amostragem de Bitterlich e de área fixa com variações estruturais em plantações de Pinus taeda. O estudo visou comparar dois métodos de amostragem, sendo eles o de área variável, o qual foi representado pelo método Ponto de Bitterlich (PB) e o de área fixa, representado pela Parcela Circular (PC) e as variações estruturais em Conglomerado em Cruz (CC) e Conglomerado em Linha (CL) com subunidades circulares. Foram avaliadas a precisão e eficiência para a estimativa da variável DAP médio (cm), número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), em três condições de plantações, localizadas no município de Carambeí, PR. Na análise simultânea das três condições para a estimativa da variável DAP médio (cm) e número de árvores (N/ha), o método de área fixa com Parcela Circular (PC) foi o mais preciso e eficiente. Para a estimativa da variável área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), o método de área variável Ponto de Bitterlich foi mais preciso e eficiente. As duas estruturas do método de área fixa, utilizando-se o Conglomerado em Cruz (CC) e o Conglomerado em Linha (CL) apresentaram resultados precisos e eficientes, entretanto, o CL foi superior ao CC.Palavras-chave: Eficiência relativa; precisão; reflorestamento.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS MÉTODOS DE AMOSTRAGEM DE BITTERLICH E DE ÁREA FIXA COM PARCELA CIRCULAR EM PLANTAÇÃO DE Pinus taeda

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Druszcz ◽  
Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
Sylvio Péllico Netto ◽  
Mauro Yoshitani Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Este estudo objetivou comparar o método de amostragem de Bitterlich e o de área fixa com Parcela Circular. Estes dois métodos foram avaliados quanto à precisão e eficiência na estimativa das variáveis DAP médio, número de árvores, área basal e volume total, por hectare. Foram selecionadas três condições de plantios de Pinus taeda, localizados na fazenda Boa Vista, no município de Carambeí – PR. Na análise simultânea das três condições para as estimativas das variáveis DAP médio e número de árvores, por hectare, o método de amostragem de área fixa com Parcela Circular foi o mais preciso e eficiente. Já para a análise de área basal e volume total, por hectare, o método de amostragem de Bitterlich foi o mais preciso e eficiente. Conclui-se que o método de área fixa com Parcela Circular foi mais preciso e eficiente para a estimativa das variáveis DAP médio e número de árvores, já que se trata de um método no qual a seleção dos indivíduos é proporcional à área da parcela. O método de Bitterlich, por ser um método que faz a seleção dos indivíduos com probabilidade à área basal, foi mais preciso e eficiente para a estimativa das variáveis área basal e volume total.Palavras-chave: Método de amostragem; precisão e eficiência; Pinus taeda. AbstractComparison between Bitterlich and fixed area circular plot sampling methods in Pinus taeda L plantation. This study aimed to compare the Bitterlich sampling method to the fixed area circular plot. These two methods were evaluated with respect to the accuracy and efficiency for estimating the variables mean DBH, number of trees, basal area and total volume per hectare. Three conditions for Pinus taeda plantations were selected. They were located in Boa Vista farm, Carambeí County, State of Paraná. Results showed that the fixed area circular plot was more efficient and accurate to estimate the mean DBH and the number of trees per hectare because it is a method where the trees selection is proportional to the plot area, whereas the Bitterlich method was more efficient and accurate to estimate the basal area and the total volume per hectare because the trees selection is related to the basal area.Keywords: Sampling methods; accuracy and efficiency; Pinus taeda.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA DE DUAS VARIAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS DO MÉTODO DE AMOSTRAGEM DE ÁREA FIXA EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
João Paulo Druszcz ◽  
Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
Sylvio Pellico Netto ◽  
Sebastião do Amaral Machado ◽  
Nelson Carlos Rosot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Este estudo foi conduzido em três diferentes condições de plantações de Pinus taeda L., sem desbastes, com 10, 9 e 7 anos de idade, 2.000 árvores por hectare e diferentes inclinações no terreno, localizados no Estado do Paraná. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do inventário florestal, utilizando-se a amostragem de área fixa com a estrutura de parcela circular (PC) e conglomerado em cruz (CC), através da análise do comportamento quanto às precisões e eficiências relativas nas estimativas das seguintes variáveis: diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores por ha, área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha). Para isso, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 40 unidades amostrais para a PC e 10 unidades para o CC, sendo este composto por 4 subunidades circulares. Concluiu-se que, para as variáveis diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), indica-se a utilização do método de área fixa com PC, tendo em vista a maior eficiência no levantamento dessas variáveis.Palavras-chave: Eficiência relativa; precisão; reflorestamento. AbstractStructural efficiency of two variations of method of sampling of fixed area in plantations of Pinus taeda. This study was carried out in three different stands of Pinus taeda L., unthinned and aged 10, 9 and 7 years. The stands have 2.000 trees per hectare and are located in Parana State. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of inventories using circular plot (PC) and cross cluster (CC) by analyses of behavior towards accuracies and relative efficiencies for estimation of the following variables: average diameter at breast height, number of trees, basal area and total volume per hectare. For this study, it was taken a sample of 40 units to the PC structure and 10 units for the CC structure, which is composed of four circular subunits, and it was used the randomized block design. It was concluded that for the variable diameter (cm), number of trees (ha), basal area (m2/ha) and total volume (m3/ha) it is indicated the use of PC, since its greater efficiency in the survey of these variables.Keywords: Relative efficiency; accuracy; reforestation.

scholarly journals Precision and accuracy of sampling methods in thinned Pinus taeda L. stands

FLORESTA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 045
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Veiga Miranda ◽  
Felipe De Antoni Zarpelon ◽  
Síntia Valério Kohler ◽  
Alvaro Augusto Vieira Soares ◽  
Izabele Domingues Soares Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Area And Volume

Different sampling methods can be used in forest surveys. It is important to know the precision and accuracy of these sampling methods, and which one is the most appropriate in specific conditions of the forest population. The aim of this study was to compare estimates of a forest inventory performed by different sampling methods with forest census results. The sampling methods evaluated were the fixed-area method and the variable-area methods of Bitterlich, Prodan, and Strand. The data were obtained in a 15-year-old thinned stand of Pinus taeda L., located in the municipality of Teixeira Soares, southern Brazil, with a total area of 12.80 ha. Initially, the forest census was carried out, and subsequently, the sample units for each sampling method were distributed in the stand, with a common starting point. The variables used to compare the sample results with the census means were quadratic diameter, number of trees, basal area, and volume, per hectare. Precision and accuracy were evaluated by sampling error and whether the confidence intervals covered the population means, respectively. The fixed-area and Bitterlich methods stood out in precision for all variables analysed. The fixed-area, Bitterlich and Strand methods with proportion to height provided more accurate estimates. The Prodan method provided inaccurate and imprecise estimates for the variables under analysis, except for the quadratic diameter.

A 10-Year Evaluation of Prescribed Winter Burns in Uneven-Aged Stands of Pinus-Taeda L and P. Echinata Mill - Woody Understorey Vegetation Response

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Cain
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Vegetation Response ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The effects of burning cycles and pine basal area levels were assessed on natural pine regeneration and hardwood development in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.). The treatments included an unburned control and prescribed winter burns at 3-, 6-, and 9-yr intervals. Basal area treatments were 9, 14, 18, and 23 m2 ha-1 for the merchantable-pine component and were maintained on a 6-yr cutting cycle using single-tree selection. Ten years after the study was initiated, density and quadrat stocking of pine regeneration were negatively correlated with overstorey basal area. The 6-yr burning cycle had higher pine density and better quadrat stocking of pine regeneration compared with any other bum treatment mainly because the 6-yr burning cycle coincided with a bumper pine seedcrop and the 6-yr cutting cycle. Recurring fires tended to result in reduced size of hardwood competition but had less impact on hardwood density. When considering a prescribed burning program in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines, more attention should be given to density, quadrat stocking, and size of established pine regeneration and to expected seedcrops rather than to the prosecution of rigid burning schedules.

Thinned Loblolly Pine Stand Growth Improved by Early Hardwood Suppression

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Terry R. Clason
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A hardwood suppression treatment applied to a 7-year-old, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation enhanced projected productivity through a 35-year rotation that included three commercial thinnings. By age 22, growth data showed that hardwood removal treatments had larger pines and smaller hardwoods than check treatments. Fifteen-year pine basal area and merchantable volume growth on hardwood removal plots exceeded the check plots by 25 and 27%. Projected growth between ages 22 and 35 indicated that 28 years after early hardwood removal thinned plantation merchantable volume yields improved by 840 ft³ per acre. South. J. Appl. For. 15(1):22-27.

Eight-Year Performance of Loblolly Pine with Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae on a Good-Quality Forest Site

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
Charles E. Cordell ◽  
Alexander Clark
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Closure

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) seedlings with different initial amounts of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) ectomycorrhizae (Pt index 0, 27, 46, 68, or 88) were planted on a good-quality site (site index 90 ft at age 50) in southwest Georgia. After 8 years and crown closure, trees with Pt indices of 88 and 68 had significantly better survival and greater heights, diameters, volumes, and green weights per tree and per ac than nursery-run, control seedlings (Pt index 0). Volume and weight yields per ac were over 50% greater and volume and weight yields per tree were over 20% greater for trees in the Pt index 88 treatment than they were for control trees. A special statistical analysis indicated that average per ac volume was positively correlated with initial Pt index values larger than 58. Tree-ring analyses showed that trees with a Pt index of 88 had significantly greater annual basal area growth than controls during growing seasons with water deficits of 8 to 13 in. Annual growth did not differ when water deficits were greater or less than these amounts. After 8 years, Pt basidiocarps were present throughout the study site. Mycorrhizal treatment integrity may have been lost after 3 or 4 years. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):275-280

scholarly journals Modeling and mapping basal area of Pinus taeda L. plantation using airborne LiDAR data

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1895-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS A. SILVA ◽  
CARINE KLAUBERG ◽  
ANDREW T. HUDAK ◽  
LEE A. VIERLING ◽  
SCOTT J. FENNEMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

Crown efficiency in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) spacing experiment

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Sterba ◽  
Ralph L Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Crown Projection Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Closure

Crown efficiency was first defined by Assmann (1961. Waldertragskunde. BLV, München) as individual tree volume increment per unit of crown projection area. He hypothesized that within a given crown class, smaller crowns are more efficient because their ratio between crown surface and horizontal crown projection is higher. Data from a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing experiment were used to test if this hypothesis also holds in young loblolly pine stands and, if so, to determine if it explains the increment differences between spacings in the spacing experiment. Using individual tree height relative to plot dominant height to describe crown class, within-plot regression showed that crown efficiency decreased with crown size for trees below dominant height. This relationship was much less pronounced than indicated from Assmann's examples, although the crown surface to crown projection ratio behaved in the same way as Assmann had hypothesized. Crown efficiency as well as the crown surface to crown projection area ratio decreased with increasing density. Basal area increment per hectare increased until total crown closure approached 130% and then stayed constant. This major impact of total crown coverage brings into question the usefullness of crown efficiency as an indicator for unit area growth.

scholarly journals Prediction of dendrometric variables by optical data in Pinus taeda L. in the south of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1433-1443
Author(s):  
Carla Talita Pertille ◽  
Marcos Felipe Nicoletti ◽  
Larissa Regina Topanotti ◽  
Luís Paulo Baldiserra Schorr
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Pinus Spp

The objective of this work was to estimate the basal area and volume of a Pinus taeda L. settlement located in Santa Catarina, correlating data from an orbital image of the Landsat-8 / OLI sensor and forest inventory. In this sense, a forest research was carried out, with a random sampling process using the fixed area method. 20 circular parcels of 400 m² were allocated. An orbital image of the Landsat-8 / OLI sensor was used and 10 average vegetation indices per plot were calculated. These were correlated as variables of volume and basal area per plot, decorative by the forest inventory. The index with the best correlation for the volume was GNDVI with 0.47 and for a basal area, the MVI with 0.51. The adjustment of the regression models showed adjusted R² indices of 0.5639 and Syx of 13.31% for volume, and 0.5213 and 11.93% for the basal area. It was possible to estimate the volume and basal area of the stands through the spectral data, however, it is recommended that this same technique be tested in other species of the genus Pinus spp. and with high spatial resolution media.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Sampling Methods for Dendrometric Estimates of Thinned Stands of Pinus taeda L. in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Klerysson Julio Farias ◽  
Thiago Floriani Stepka ◽  
Marcos Felipe Nicoletti ◽  
Luis Paulo Baldissera Schorr ◽  
Geedre Adriano Borsoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Installation Time

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of the sampling methods: Fixed Area, Bitterlich, Prodan and Modified Prodan to estimate the commercial volume and other dendrometric estimators for a 34 years old of Pinus taeda L. stands located in Campo Belo do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil. It were distributed a total of 10 sample units of the following methods: Fixed Area with 200, 400 and 500 m² of area, Bitterlich, Prodan and Modified Prodan were distributed, both with 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 trees. In addition to collecting dendrometric data, the installation time of the sample units was timed, whereby the relative efficiency for each method was calculated. The comparison between the harvest volumes and the volumes estimated by the methods was performed by the Skott Knott test, and the results that did not differ statistically were weighted by the parameters of relative error, relative efficiency and proximity to harvest. All variations of the Modified Prodan and Prodan methods had sample insufficiency. The number of trees per hectare presented higher values for the 200 m² Fixed Area method and lower values for Prodan with 10 trees. Prodan with 6 trees got the shortest time. The Bitterlich method obtained sample adequancy at 10% error and presented the best result. Among the alternative methods to Fixed Area, Modified Prodan with 7 trees can be indicated for pilot inventory. However, when more precise results are needed, the Bitterlich method is indicated.

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