A 10-Year Evaluation of Prescribed Winter Burns in Uneven-Aged Stands of Pinus-Taeda L and P. Echinata Mill - Woody Understorey Vegetation Response

The effects of burning cycles and pine basal area levels were assessed on natural pine regeneration and hardwood development in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.). The treatments included an unburned control and prescribed winter burns at 3-, 6-, and 9-yr intervals. Basal area treatments were 9, 14, 18, and 23 m2 ha-1 for the merchantable-pine component and were maintained on a 6-yr cutting cycle using single-tree selection. Ten years after the study was initiated, density and quadrat stocking of pine regeneration were negatively correlated with overstorey basal area. The 6-yr burning cycle had higher pine density and better quadrat stocking of pine regeneration compared with any other bum treatment mainly because the 6-yr burning cycle coincided with a bumper pine seedcrop and the 6-yr cutting cycle. Recurring fires tended to result in reduced size of hardwood competition but had less impact on hardwood density. When considering a prescribed burning program in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines, more attention should be given to density, quadrat stocking, and size of established pine regeneration and to expected seedcrops rather than to the prosecution of rigid burning schedules.

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Growth of Loblolly Pine Stands After the First Five Years of Uneven-Aged Silviculture Using Single-Tree Selection

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/18.3.128 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 128-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul A. Murphy ◽

Michael G. Shelton

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Basal Area ◽

Site Index ◽

Single Tree ◽

Single Tree Selection ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

North Louisiana ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract The effects of three levels of residual basal area (40, 60, and 80 ft2/ac), maximum dbh (12, 16, and 20 in.) and site index (< 81 ft, 81 to 90 ft, and >90 ft) on the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands after 5 yr of uneven-aged silviculture were determined from plots located in south Arkansas and north Louisiana. Designated levels of basal area and maximum dbh were achieved by harvesting; a q factor of 1.2 (using 1 in. dbh classes) was imposed on all plots as closely as possible. Stand-level models were developed for annual per acre net volume growth (merchantable cubic feet, sawtimber cubic feet, and sawtimber board feet, Doyle rule) and annual per acre survivor growth, ingrowth, and mortality components of basal area growth. Growth for all volume measures increased with an increase in basal area. Site index did not significantly affect merchantable cubic-foot growth but had a positive effect on sawtimber growth in both cubic feet and board feet, Doyle. Increases in maximum dbh decreased merchantable and sawtimber cubic-foot growth but increased growth for board-foot volume, Doyle. South. J. Appl. For. 18(3): 128-132.

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Does Prescribed Burning Have a Place in Regenerating Uneven-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands?

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/26.3.117 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 117-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michael D. Cain ◽

Michael G. Shelton

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

High Frequency ◽

Prescribed Burning ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Shortleaf Pine ◽

Prescribed Burns ◽

Single Tree ◽

Pine Regeneration ◽

Single Tree Selection ◽

Dormant Season

Abstract Before the 1981 growing season, a study was installed in southeastern Arkansas to examine the effects of three dormant-season burn intervals (low, moderate, and high frequency) and an unburned treatment on natural regeneration in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda andP. echinata, respectively). Merchantable pine basal areas were maintained by harvesting on a 5 or 6 yr cutting cycle. When the study began, hardwoods greater than 1 in. dbh were injected with herbicide on all plots. During the next 19 yr, there were eight high frequency, four moderate frequency, and three low frequency prescribed burns. In 1991, the unburned plots received a single, broadcast-herbicide treatment. Single-tree selection harvests were conducted in 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1997. Through 1999 (19 yr), herbicides applied at 10 yr intervals were more effective than dormant-season burns for enhancing the growth of submerchantable pines. Although recurring winter burns tended to stop the progression of both pines and hardwoods from seedling to sapling size classes, the data suggest that properly timed dormant-season burns might be used to secure natural pine regeneration in selection management. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):117–123.

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Effects of Stand and Site Variables on the Lumber Value of Uneven-aged Loblolly Pine Stands

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/24.4.202 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 202-206

Author(s):

David W. Patterson ◽

Paul A. Murphy ◽

Michael G. Shelton

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Site Index ◽

Market Prices ◽

Value Analysis ◽

Single Tree ◽

Continuous Forest ◽

Single Tree Selection ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Uneven-aged silviculture using single-tree selection provides the landowner with periodic income from a continuous forest which has a varied canopy. Data were collected from 24 plots of a larger study to determine if site index, basal area, and maximum dbh affected volume and value of lumber from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees in uneven-aged stands. Tree grades and lumber yield equations were used to determine the volume of lumber by grade for each tree. Market prices from May 1997 and May 1998 were used to estimate lumber value. Analysis of variance showed that study variables significantly affected lumber volume, lumber value/mbf, and stand value/ac. With 1997 prices, increases in site index and maximum dbh significantly increased lumber value/mbf, but only maximum dbh was significant with 1998 prices. Stand values ranged from $4,100 to $12,350/ac and were significantly higher for the higher site index, basal area, and maximum dbh. South. J. Appl. For. 24(4):202-206.

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EFICIÊNCIA DE DUAS VARIAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS DO MÉTODO DE AMOSTRAGEM DE ÁREA FIXA EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i4.29928 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 621

Author(s):

João Paulo Druszcz ◽

Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽

Sylvio Pellico Netto ◽

Sebastião do Amaral Machado ◽

Nelson Carlos Rosot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Relative Efficiency ◽

Block Design ◽

Basal Area ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Breast Height ◽

Variable Diameter ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fixed Area ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Este estudo foi conduzido em três diferentes condições de plantações de Pinus taeda L., sem desbastes, com 10, 9 e 7 anos de idade, 2.000 árvores por hectare e diferentes inclinações no terreno, localizados no Estado do Paraná. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do inventário florestal, utilizando-se a amostragem de área fixa com a estrutura de parcela circular (PC) e conglomerado em cruz (CC), através da análise do comportamento quanto às precisões e eficiências relativas nas estimativas das seguintes variáveis: diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores por ha, área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha). Para isso, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 40 unidades amostrais para a PC e 10 unidades para o CC, sendo este composto por 4 subunidades circulares. Concluiu-se que, para as variáveis diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), indica-se a utilização do método de área fixa com PC, tendo em vista a maior eficiência no levantamento dessas variáveis.Palavras-chave: Eficiência relativa; precisão; reflorestamento. AbstractStructural efficiency of two variations of method of sampling of fixed area in plantations of Pinus taeda. This study was carried out in three different stands of Pinus taeda L., unthinned and aged 10, 9 and 7 years. The stands have 2.000 trees per hectare and are located in Parana State. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of inventories using circular plot (PC) and cross cluster (CC) by analyses of behavior towards accuracies and relative efficiencies for estimation of the following variables: average diameter at breast height, number of trees, basal area and total volume per hectare. For this study, it was taken a sample of 40 units to the PC structure and 10 units for the CC structure, which is composed of four circular subunits, and it was used the randomized block design. It was concluded that for the variable diameter (cm), number of trees (ha), basal area (m2/ha) and total volume (m3/ha) it is indicated the use of PC, since its greater efficiency in the survey of these variables.Keywords: Relative efficiency; accuracy; reforestation.

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Growth and Yield Following Four Reproduction Cutting Methods in Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands--A Case Study

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/6.2.66 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 66-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James B. Baker ◽

Paul A. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Shortleaf Pine ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Land Owners ◽

Second Growth ◽

Pine Regeneration ◽

Volume Production ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Four reproduction cutting methods employed on an average site (S.I. = 85 to 90 feet at 50 years) in second-growth loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L.--P. echinata Mill.) in south Arkansas provided adequate pine regeneration to establish or maintain well-stocked stands. During the 36-year study period, heavy seed-tree and diameter-limit cutting methods produced significantly more cubic-foot volume than selection and clearcutting, while clearcutting resulted in significantly less board-foot (Doyle) volume. Since many trees on the clearcut areas are just now reaching sawlog size, board-foot volume production among all treatments will probably equalize as time goes on. Advantages and disadvantages of the four cutting methods for large landholders and private nonindustrial land-owners are discussed.

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Plant Community Structure and Composition in Uneven-aged Stands of Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine at Four Basal Area Levels

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/19.2.84 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 84-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philip A. Tappe ◽

Michael D. Cain ◽

T. Bently Wigley ◽

Derik J. Reed

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Plant Community ◽

Basal Area ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Plant Community Structure ◽

Shortleaf Pine ◽

Single Tree ◽

Single Tree Selection ◽

Four Levels

Abstract The effects of overstory pine basal area on plant community structure and composition were assessed in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taedaL. and P. echinata Mill.) in southern Arkansas. Basal area treatments were 40, 60, 80, and 100 ft2/ac for the merchantable pine component (>3.5 in. dbh) and were maintained on a 6 yr cutting cycle using single-tree selection. Assessments of plant communities were made 10 yr after a single hardwood control treatment. The four levels of pine basal area had no effect on percent ground cover of most plants <3 ft tall, but ground cover from graminoids decreased as pine basal area increased. Vertical cover above loft height increased 33% as overstory basal area increased from 40 to 100 ft2/ac, but basal area had no effect on horizontal cover in height zones between 0 and 10ft. It is concluded that uneven-aged stands of loblolly-shortleaf pine with merchantable basal areas of from 40 to 100 ft²/ac may support similar plant species in the understory and consequently probably provide similar habitat requirements for a variety of game and nongame wildlife. South. J. Appl. For. 19(2):84-88.

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Thinned Loblolly Pine Stand Growth Improved by Early Hardwood Suppression

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/15.1.22 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

Terry R. Clason

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Basal Area ◽

Growth Data ◽

Stand Growth ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A hardwood suppression treatment applied to a 7-year-old, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation enhanced projected productivity through a 35-year rotation that included three commercial thinnings. By age 22, growth data showed that hardwood removal treatments had larger pines and smaller hardwoods than check treatments. Fifteen-year pine basal area and merchantable volume growth on hardwood removal plots exceeded the check plots by 25 and 27%. Projected growth between ages 22 and 35 indicated that 28 years after early hardwood removal thinned plantation merchantable volume yields improved by 840 ft³ per acre. South. J. Appl. For. 15(1):22-27.

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Eight-Year Performance of Loblolly Pine with Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae on a Good-Quality Forest Site

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/12.4.275 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 275-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Donald H. Marx ◽

Charles E. Cordell ◽

Alexander Clark

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Site Index ◽

Forest Site ◽

Water Deficits ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Area Growth ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Crown Closure

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) seedlings with different initial amounts of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) ectomycorrhizae (Pt index 0, 27, 46, 68, or 88) were planted on a good-quality site (site index 90 ft at age 50) in southwest Georgia. After 8 years and crown closure, trees with Pt indices of 88 and 68 had significantly better survival and greater heights, diameters, volumes, and green weights per tree and per ac than nursery-run, control seedlings (Pt index 0). Volume and weight yields per ac were over 50% greater and volume and weight yields per tree were over 20% greater for trees in the Pt index 88 treatment than they were for control trees. A special statistical analysis indicated that average per ac volume was positively correlated with initial Pt index values larger than 58. Tree-ring analyses showed that trees with a Pt index of 88 had significantly greater annual basal area growth than controls during growing seasons with water deficits of 8 to 13 in. Annual growth did not differ when water deficits were greater or less than these amounts. After 8 years, Pt basidiocarps were present throughout the study site. Mycorrhizal treatment integrity may have been lost after 3 or 4 years. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):275-280

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Growth following single-tree selection cutting in Québec northern hardwoods

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc79898-5 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 898-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Steve Bédard ◽

Zoran Majcen

Keyword(s):

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Basal Area ◽

Northern Hardwoods ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Selection Cutting ◽

Single Tree ◽

Basal Area Growth ◽

Area Growth ◽

Single Tree Selection

Eight experimental blocks were established in the southern part of Québec to determine the growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) dominated stands after single tree selection cutting. Each block contained eight control plots (no cut) and eight cut plots. The intensity of removal varied between 21% and 32% and residual basal area was between 18.2 and 21 m2/ha. Ten year net annual basal area growth rates in cut plots (0.35 ± 0.04 m2/ha) were significantly higher (p = 0.0022) than in control plots (0.14 ± 0.06 m2/ha). The treatment particularly favoured diameter growth of stems between 10 and 30 cm in dbh, whose crowns were released by removing neighbouring trees. These results show that if the same net growth rate is maintained in the next decade most of the cut plots will reach their pre-cut basal area in about 20 years after cutting. Key words: northern hardwoods, selection cutting, uneven aged silviculture, basal area growth, diameter growth

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