Efeito do ambiente na produção de leite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. C. PAIMEL ◽  
E. C. K. CUFF ◽  
E. I. SOUZA ◽  
M. P. S. COUTINHO ◽  
A. H. A. CABRAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum

A zona de conforto térmico dos animais refere-se a uma faixa de temperatura onde não se necessita de mudanças fisiológicas ou comportamental para manter a temperatura corporal, nessa faixa ocorre a maior eficiência produtiva. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos fatores climáticos através do Índice de Temperatura Equivalente (ETI) sobre a produção de leite. Os animais experimentais foram vacas multíparas da raça Girolanda. O sistema de produção era de pastejo rotacionado em Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, associado ao fornecimento de concentrado com 24% PB e cevada no período seco e apenas suplemento mineral e cevada no período das águas. Avaliou-se as correlações do ETI e a produção por vaca e a média do rebanho. Os valores médios de ETI foram 24,5 e 33,1 de julho a agosto e setembro a janeiro, respectivamente. A correlação foi negativa entre ETI e produção de leite (R=-0,8215; p<0,05). Em regiões tropicais com vacas leiteiras com capacidade de produção acima de 15 litros deve-se utilizar ferramentas para controle das condições climáticas para que não haja prejuízo à produção leiteira.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the soil quality of an oil-polluted ultisol using livestock wastes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
Sylvia O. OGOANAH ◽  
Uzoamaka N. NGWOKE ◽  
Edokpolor O. OHANMU ◽  
Pascal C. OKOYE ◽  
Beckley IKHAJIAGBE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

The study investigated the enhancement of soil quality of an oil-polluted ultisol using livestock wastes. Top soil (0 - 10 cm) was obtained as a pooled sample and polluted with spent lubricating oil at 10% w/w. The soil was subsequently amended with sun-dried goat (GT), rabbit (RB), and poultry (PG) dung at 10% w/w on dry weight basis both in singles, double-mixed, and triple-mixed combinations. Twelve weeks after treatment application, results showed that there was a 93.9% decrease (p<0.05) in bacterial colony count in the oil-polluted soil compared to the control. Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus niger as well as Bacillus sp. and Proteus sp. were the prominent fungal and bacterial species identified respectively. The most abundant plant in the soil seed bank was Panicum maximum with 10.4% abundance and this showed possible involvement of the plant in remediation of oil-pollution. The total hydrocarbon content of the oil-polluted soil was 9984.0 mg/kg, compared to 3170.6 mg/kg when amended with RB+GT, implying 76.77% remediation efficiency. Among several trials employed in this study, the combination of rabbit and goat wastes proved to be more effective in reducing the total hydrocarbon content of oil-polluted soil and therefore, is recommended as a potential candidate for application in the bioremediation of such soil.

Short-term warming and water stress affect Panicum maximum Jacq. stoichiometric homeostasis and biomass production

2019 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilier Olivera Viciedo ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Carlos Alberto Martínez ◽  
Eduardo Habermann ◽  
Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Short Term

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in C4 Plants: Its Role and Regulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Walker ◽  
Richard M. Acheson ◽  
László I. Técsi ◽  
Richard C. Leegood
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Regulatory Properties

Some of the recent findings which revise our view of the role and regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in C4 plants are discussed. Evidence is presented that PEPCK is present at appreciable activities in the bundle-sheath of some NADP-malic enzyme-type C4 plants, such as maize, but it was not detectable in NAD-malic enzyme-type C4 plants. PEPCK is rapidly inactivated in crude extracts of leaves of the C4 plant, Panicum maximum. This inactivation could be prevented by high concentrations of dithiothreitol or by the inclusion of ADP or ATP, suggesting the involvement of thiols at the active site. PEPCK is also subject to rapid proteolysis in crude extracts of a range of C4 plants, resulting in cleavage to a smaller (62 kDa) form. This can be reduced by extraction at high pH and by the inclusion of SDS, but it means that intact PEPCK has never been purified from a C4 plant. The molecular mass of PEPCK varies considerably in C4 plants, unlike C3 and CAM plants in which it is usually 74 kDa. PEPCK is phosphorylated during darkness (and reversed by light) in some C4 plants with PEPCK of a larger molecular mass, such as Panicum maximum (71 kDa), but it was not phosphorylated in the PEPCK-type C4 plant, Sporobolus pyramidalis (69 kDa). The known regulatory properties of PEPCK are discussed in relation to its role in C4 photosynthesis, in particular its sensitivity to regulation by adenylates and by Mn2+.

Effects of moisture supply in the dry season and subsequent defoliation on persistence of the savanna grasses Themeda triandra, Heteropogon contortus and Panicum maximum

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Mott ◽  
MM Ludlow ◽  
JH Richards ◽  
AD Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Themeda Triandra ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Sheath Material

The close correlation between grazing-induced mortality and major climatic patterns in Australian savannas, led us to the hypothesis that moisture conditions during the dry, non-growing season could affect sensitivity to grazing in the subsequent growing season. Using three widespread savanna species (Themeda triandra, Heteropogon contortus and Panicum maximum), this hypothesis was tested experimentally and the mechanisms controlling this response examined and quantified. In T. triandra drought during the dry season led to major mortality in defoliated plants in the next growing season. This mortality was caused by a synchrony of tillering at the commencement of the wet season, leaving few buds for replacement once parent tillers were killed by defoliation. T. triandra was also the most sensitive species to defoliation. This sensitivity was due to the poor ability of the plant to maintain positive carbon gain after defoliation. Several factors contributed to this poor ability, including: low total photosynthetic rate, low specific leaf area, and a large proportion of sheath material with poor photosynthetic capacity remaining after cutting. Both H. contortus and P. maximum growing under irrigated and fertilized conditions did not display any effects of previous moisture treatments when defoliated during the next wet season and were much less sensitive to defoliation than T. triandra.

Dynamics of c in a pasture grass (panicum maximum var. Trichoglume)—soil system

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V.A. Bushby ◽  
I. Vallis ◽  
R.J.K. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Soil System
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