scholarly journals The Impact of Marital Status on Work Hours: A Quantitative Study of European Labor Market from Gender Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ashim Kumar Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the effects of marital status to the gender gap in employment hours. This article uses linear regression analysis with data from the European Social Survey Round 8. Stata/SE 16 is used to analyze the data collected from 18 European countries to explore the research questions. Previous literatures identify some determinants of work hours such as demographic characteristics, the division of household labor, job characteristics, and country-level determinants (e.g., welfare state, work-hour regulations, family policies, part-time labor force participation etc.), but there are few studies on marital status as determinant of work hours. This article finds that there is an interaction among marital status and work hours to the different levels of gender. This article shows that there is a gender inequality in the European labor market, where men’s work hours are more than women’s work hours. Unmarried women work less hours than any other studied categories of marital status (e.g., married, divorced).

scholarly journals The Gender Gap in Employment Hours: Do Work-Hour Regulations Matter?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Christin Landivar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Allocation ◽  
Weekly Work

In all developed countries, women, especially mothers, work fewer paid hours than their spouses. However, the magnitude of the gender gap varies significantly by country, ranging from 2 to 20 hours per week in this study. Using data from the 2002 International Social Survey Programme, this article investigates whether work-hour regulations have a significant effect on household allocation of paid labour and gender work-hour inequality. Two main types of work-hour regulations are examined: standard weekly work hours and the maximum allowable weekly work hours. Results show that households in countries with shorter maximum weekly work hours had less work-hour inequality between spouses, as each additional allowable overtime hour over the standard workweek increased the work-hour gap between couples by 20 minutes. These results indicate that couples’ inequality in work hours and gender inequality in labour supply are associated with country-level work-hour regulations.

scholarly journals FENOMENA MIGRASI TENAGA KERJA DAN PERANNYA BAGI PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH ASAL: STUDI EMPIRIS DI KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Didit Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Regional Origin ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Impact

This research analyzes (a) patterns of labor migration from Wonogiri Regency, (b) the impact of migration on the welfare level by taking into account the income level of migrant Wonogiri Regency, and (c) the role of migrants seen from homelands conditions. The results of binary logistic analysis showed that the variables age, education, and marital status, have a significant effect on intention nomads to settle in the overseas area. Based on survey findings in the field, 88.8 percent of Wonogiri nomads do not want to settle in the overseas regions. The economic analysis through linear regression analysis to explain the role of the nomads and the impact on the regional origin that shows only one independent variable that is used has a significant influence on the local nomads income overseas, namely: level of education, while the other independent variables are family dependents, ownership of property in the area of origin, length of stay in overseas, and marital status had no significant effect.

scholarly journals Institutional determinants of regional diversity of labor market in Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on regional diversity of the Polish Labor Market from institutional perspective. The Polish Labor Market is geographically diverse in terms of unemployment and employment rates, and also in terms of economic development. At the end of 2013 the difference between the lowest and the highest unemployment rate in the Polish regions was 12.1% (Wielkopolska located in the West Poland has unemployment rate of 9.6% and Warmia - Mazury in the East has unemployment of 21.7%). The question arises whether this difference comes from the structural or institutional sources. The paper describe the character of Polish Labor Market, whereas in the second part, it traces the impact of institutional variables such as real wage, Kaitz index and Gender gap on the regional unemployment rate in 2002–2012 in Poland.

scholarly journals Hello pension, goodbye tension? The impact of work and institutions on older workers’ labor market participation in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fleischmann ◽  
Ferry Koster ◽  
Pearl Dykstra ◽  
Joop Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

To sustain the welfare state, several EU countries agreed to take measures aimed at increasing the labor market participation of older workers (European Commission 2001). In this study, we developed a framework integrating individual, work, and institutional characteristics in order to explain the labor market participation of older workers. While prior studies focused mainly on individual characteristics, the present analysis investigated the impact of work and institutions more closely using the European Social Survey. Multilevel analyses across 21 countries showed that work characteristics increased the benefits from work, hence increasing the likelihood of participation among older workers, and that the generosity of institutions discouraged older workers to remain in the labor market.

The impact of intra-EU migration on welfare chauvinism

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Cappelen ◽  
Yvette Peters
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Intergroup Contact Theory ◽  
East European ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe examine whether intra-EU migration affects welfare chauvinistic attitudes, i.e. the idea that immigrants’ access to the welfare system should be restricted. According to the in-group/out-group theory, migration can unleash feelings of insecurity and thus trigger welfare chauvinism. According to intergroup contact theory, welfare chauvinism should decrease when immigration is higher, because contact reduces prejudice and softens anti-immigrant stances. We test these theories using data from the European Social Survey 2008/2009, supplemented with country-level data, and analyse these data using a multilevel ordered logit approach. We find a negative relation between intra-EU immigration and welfare chauvinism, supporting the intergroup contact theory: in countries with more intra-EU migration, welfare chauvinism tends to be lower. Furthermore, the higher the percentage of East European immigrants compared to other EU immigrants, the higher the level of welfare chauvinism.

scholarly journals The Impact of Psychiatric Disorders on Labor Market Outcomes

ILR Review ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Ettner ◽  
Richard G. Frank ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substantial Drop

Analyzing data on 2,225 men and 2,401 women from the National Comorbidity Survey, the authors examine the impact of psychiatric disorders on employment and, among those employed, work hours and income. They find that psychiatric disorders significantly reduced employment among both men and women. They also find evidence of small reductions in the conditional work hours of men and a substantial drop in the conditional income of men and women, although these findings are somewhat sensitive to the estimation methods and specification of the model.

scholarly journals Impact of Psychological Consequences on Poverty: An Evidence from Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Humaira Mumtaz ◽  
Iqbal Javed ◽  
Allah Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
Interaction Variable ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The limitation and the complications which the economic agents are facing are studied in behavioral economics. The current study underhand is an attempt to explore the impact of psychological consequences on household incomes. The current study underhand used World Value Survey data for the years 2012-2014 for Pakistan. Simple Linear Regression analysis was used to measure the impact of psychological variables on the income of households in Pakistan. The results show that people with a more external locus of control positively affect their incomes, as they do believe in external factors like fate and luck for its success or failure. Creativity, loneliness, and positivity have a direct relation with income while mistrust and risk aversion have an inverse relation with income. Creative minds of individuals, freedom of choice to control their lives phenomenon have a strong, positive and significant association with income. Creativity at work increase income or regular work for just reward increase income. This means that the individuals who mistrust less are consequently quicker in taking economic decisions and would make investment planning that will lead to an increase in their income. A second estimated model of this study includes all socioeconomic variables which can determine the level of income. These variables cover a wide range of demographic and social variables. These socioeconomics variables are age, gender, level of education, number of children, marital status, interaction variable of marital status and age, a square of interaction variable of marital status and age, interaction variable of gender and age, a square of interaction variables of gender and age and dummies of the province. Results show that all these variables have a significant relation with income level. All the socioeconomic and demographic variables have a strong association with the level of income. It reveals that the dummy of marital status negatively influences the income, it means that an unmarried man can earn more than a married. This study suggested that policymakers should take initial steps to focus on human psychology while making efforts to reduce the poverty level.

scholarly journals Distributional consequences of technological change: Worker-level evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205316801882214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kurer ◽  
Aina Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the employment trajectories of workers exposed to technological change. Based on individual-level panel data from the UK, we first confirm that the share of middle-skilled routine workers has declined, while non-routine jobs in both high- and low-skilled occupations have increased, consistent with country-level patterns of job polarization. Next, we zoom in on the actual transition patterns of threatened routine workers. Despite the aggregate decline in routine work, most affected workers manage to remain in the labor market during the time they are in the study: about 64% “survive” in routine work, 24% switch to other (better or worse paying) jobs, almost 10% exit routine work via retirement and only a small minority end up unemployed. Based on this finding, the final part of our analysis studies the economic implications of remaining in a digitalizing occupational environment. We rely on an original approach that specifically captures the impact of information and communication technology at the industry level on labor market outcomes and find evidence for a digital Matthew effect: while outcomes are, on average, positive, it is first and foremost non-routine workers in cognitively demanding jobs that benefit from the penetration of new technologies in the workplace. In the conclusions, we discuss if labor market polarization is a likely source of intensified political conflict.

scholarly journals POS0951 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND COUNTRY-LEVEL SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND HEALTH OUTCOMES IN AXIAL AND PERIPHERAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: ANALYSIS OF THE ASAS PERSPA STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 739-740
Author(s):  
D. Capelusnik ◽  
S. S. Zhao ◽  
A. Boonen ◽  
N. Ziade ◽  
C. López-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
The Impact

Background:Health outcomes in spondyloarthritis (SpA) are largely determined by socioeconomic (SE) factors, leading to the great inequity observed between countries across the world. However, the impact of these SE factors on health outcomes across the different SpA phenotypes (axSpA, pSpA and PsA), is less well known.Objectives:To investigate (1) the association between individual and country-level SE factors and health outcomes in different SpA phenotypes, and (2) to explore whether any effect of these SE factors is mediated by the use of b/tsDMARD therapy.Methods:Patients with axSpA, pSpA or PsA from the multinational cohort ASAS-perSpA were included in the analysis. The effect of individual (age, gender, education and marital status) and country-level SE factors (Gross Domestic Product [GDP], Healthcare Expenditure [HCE], Human Development Index [HDI], Gini Index) over health outcomes (ASDAS≥2.1, continuous ASDAS, BASFI, fatigue and ASAS-HI) were assessed in multivariable mixed-effects logistic and linear regression models (as appropriate), adjusting for confounders. Interactions between each individual and country-level SE factors and disease phenotype and between both levels of SE factors, were tested. Finally, a mediation analysis was conducted to explore whether the impact of country-level SE factors on ASDAS is mediated through b/tsDMARD uptake.Results:A total of 4185 patients from 23 countries were included: 61% males, mean age 45 (SD 14), 65% axSpA, 10% pSpA and 25% PsA. Female gender, lower educational level and marital status (single vs married) were associated with higher ASDAS, without significant differences across disease phenotype. Living in lower-(vs higher) GDP countries was also associated with higher ASDAS (β=0.39 [95%CI 0.16; 0.63], with similar results for other economic indicators (Figure 1). 7% of the association between GDP and ASDAS was mediated by b/tsDMARD uptake. The above-mentioned individual and country-level SE factors remained significant to discriminate active disease (ASDAS≥2.1), with greater impact of gender (OR=1.32 [1.13; 1.54]), educational level (primary vs university OR=1.76 [1.40;2.20]) and lower GDP (OR= 1.74 [1.22;2.46]). Higher BASFI was also associated with gender (female vs male: β=0.12 [0.01; 0.24]), lower education (primary vs university: β=0.29 [0.11; 0.46], and marital status (single vs married: β=0.23 [0.09; 0.38]), without effect of country-level SE factors, and no differences across SpA phenotype. Gender and lower educational level were similarly associated with worse ASAS-HI scores (female vs male β=0.88 [0.68;1.09], and primary vs university β=0.61 [0.31;0.91]), while more fatigue was only associated with female gender and, in an opposite direction, with higher country-level SE factors (Figure 1). No interactions were found between individual and country-level SE factors for any of the outcomes.Conclusion:Individual (female gender and lower education) and country-level SE factors are independently associated with higher disease activity in SpA. Uptake of b/tsDMARD had a small mediating effect on the association between GDP and ASDAS. Lower education and female gender are also associated with worse outcomes of functional disability, global functioning and fatigue. Country-level SE factors are not associated with functional disability or global functioning; in contrast, there is a paradoxical effect with fatigue: living in a country with a higher SE status is independently associated with higher levels of fatigue. Management of disease outcome in SpA requires also awareness of the role of individual and country level SE-factors.Figure 1.Effect of individual and country-level socioeconomic factors on ASDAS and fatigue, derived from multivariable mixed-effects models adjusted by clinical confounders.Disclosure of Interests:Dafne Capelusnik Speakers bureau: BMS, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Sizheng Steven Zhao: None declared, Annelies Boonen: None declared, Nelly Ziade Speakers bureau: Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Janssen, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Apotex, Pharmaline, Paid instructor for: Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, Janssen, Consultant of: Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Janssen, Novartis, Gilead, NewBridge, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, NewBridge, Algorithm/Celgene, Clementina López-Medina: None declared, Maxime Dougados: None declared, Elena Nikiphorou Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Lilly, AbbVie, Sofia Ramiro Speakers bureau: Lilly, MSD, Novartis, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, UCB, Sanofi, Grant/research support from: MSD

The Impact of Marital Status on Job Finding: A Field Experiment in the Chinese Labor Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Job Advertisements ◽  
Chinese Labor ◽  
Job Finding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of marital status on job finding in China using the correspondence methodology. Fictitious CVs are sent to job advertisements through an online job board website, focusing on financial and accounting jobs, and the callback rate is measured. We vary the gender and marital status on otherwise identical CVs. The previous literature suggests that being married has a negative impact on the labor market outcomes of females, but a positive impact for males. In contrast, for the Chinese labor market, we do not find a significant effect of marital status on job finding for either gender.

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